Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.24 Published:28 August 2018

  Wheat Chemical Hybridization Agent SC2011: Preliminary Study on Dosage Effect 2018, 34 (24):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070079 Abstract + ( 875 )   The paper aims to clarify the effects of wheat chemical hybridization agent SC2011 on male sterility and the optimum application dosage under Sichuan ecological condition. We compared the induced male sterility effects of different genotype varieties by using 3 varieties ‘( Shumai 126’,‘Chuanmai 601’and ‘Chuanmai 602’) and setting 6 dosage levels (15 L/hm2, 30 L/hm2, 45 L/hm2, 60 L/hm2, 75 L/hm2 and 90 L/hm2) and 1 control (water, 0 L/hm2). The results showed that: with the increase of dosage, the sterile degree had an upward trend; when the dosage was no less than 30 L/hm2, the sterile degree was>98%; when the dosage was equal to or greater than 45 L/hm2, the sterile degree was>99%; while the dosage between 45 L/hm2 and 90 L/hm2, the sterile degree had a little change, with no significant difference; seed setting rate (domestic) under artificial saturation pollination condition decreased with the increase of the overall dosage, but at dosage of <45 L/hm2, seed setting rate was similar to that of the control, indicating that stigma activity was not affected. 30 L/hm2 is the best dosage level in consideration of reducing side-effect and cost and optimizing effect. SC2011 has universal applicability to different genotype varieties (broad spectrum).

  Low Temperature Stress and Maize Seedlings: Effect on Antioxidant Enzyme System and Osmotic Regulation 2018, 34 (24):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060055 Abstract + ( 832 )   In order to research effect of low temperature stress on antioxidant enzyme system and osmotic regulation of different genotypes maize seedlings. Resistant variety (xianyu 335) and sensitive variety (fenghe 1) were selected in the research and room temperature treatment (CK) and low temperature treatment (L) were set. Potted plants were used in the research, and random design. The aim of research is to provide a theoretical basis for study of cold resistance physiological. The results are as follow: maize morphogenesis was affected by low temperature, and plant height, leaf area, dry matter, root length, root surface area and root volume were decrease. Compared to ‘fenghe 1’, ‘xianyu 335’ showed less descending value in the above indicators. MDA and和O2.- content were increased significantly, and ‘xianyu 335’ showed less accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide anion (O2.-) content than ‘fenghe 1’. With the accumulation of harmful substance, superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity in leaf were increased which could remove harmful substances, protect the cell membrane. The enzyme activity of ‘xianyu 335’ rose faster than ‘fenghe 1’ in low temperature stress. Low temperature stress could increase soluble protein, soluble sugar and proline, which was benefited for maintaining the pressure in cell, reducing damage. Physiological metabolism of maize could be regulated for reducing low temperature damage.

  Variation of Ear Traits of Maize Varieties in the Middle and Late Maturity Areas in Shanxi 2018, 34 (24):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030019 Abstract + ( 1016 )   To select suitable maize varieties and distinguish them in middle and late maturing maize planting areas in Shanxi Province, seven local main popularized varieties are used for randomized block design. Wide row and close planting techniques are adopted, and ear traits and yield are measured after harvest. The results showed that: (1) the yield of‘Xianyu 335’was the highest compared with that of others, followed by that of ‘Junyu 288’,‘Taiyu 811’was inferior to other varieties in yield-related indexes; (2) except‘Xieyu 4’, the expression of genes influencing ear diameter was similar in all varieties, and the differences of variety had a significant effect on the number of ear lines and ear length, some varieties had no significant difference, reflecting that the genetic backgrounds of some varieties in current market were relatively similar; (3) bald length of‘Junyu 288’should be reduced by some measures, and except‘Xieyu 3’and‘Xieyu 4’, the genes of other varieties in the control of axis were similar, but now the breeding goal was thin axle, so‘Xieyu 3’and ‘Xieyu 4’should be improved in the related aspects. The yield and yield related characters of different varieties were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in some aspects such as external To select suitable maize varieties and distinguish them in middle and late maturing maize planting areas in Shanxi Province, seven local main popularized varieties are used for randomized block design. Wide row and close planting techniques are adopted, and ear traits and yield are measured after harvest. The results showed that: (1) the yield of‘Xianyu 335’was the highest compared with that of others, followed by that of ‘Junyu 288’,‘Taiyu 811’was inferior to other varieties in yield-related indexes; (2) except‘Xieyu 4’, the expression of genes influencing ear diameter was similar in all varieties, and the differences of variety had a significant effect on the number of ear lines and ear length, some varieties had no significant difference, reflecting that the genetic backgrounds of some varieties in current market were relatively similar; (3) bald length of‘Junyu 288’should be reduced by some measures, and except‘Xieyu 3’and‘Xieyu 4’, the genes of other varieties in the control of axis were similar, but now the breeding goal was thin axle, so‘Xieyu 3’and ‘Xieyu 4’should be improved in the related aspects. The yield and yield related characters of different varieties were not significantly different, but there were significant differences in some aspects such as external shape, stress resistance and mechanized harvesting adaptability. The comprehensive characters of‘Xianyu 335’were the best among these varieties. The performance of some traits reflected that the genetic backgrounds of these breeds were similar, which indicated that the maize genetic resources in China were narrow. Therefore, further research should be conducted in the expansion of genetic resources, improvement of stress resistance and the adaptation to mechanized harvesting.

  Drought Identification of Maize Based on Color and Texture Features 2018, 34 (24):  18-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030021 Abstract + ( 886 )   【Objective】The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of identifying maize drought, for which the color and texture features of maize and the neural network modeling method were used. 【Method】The maize images under different drought stress were collected by visible light imaging method, from which the color and texture features of maize were extracted automatically by programming. Then the drought identification models of different maize growth stages were built by the ensemble learning of multiple BP neural networks. 【Result】The results show that both the average identification accuracy and the average identification precision of the maize emergence-jointing stage model are more than 90% at training and validation, and the average value of training and validation errors are less than 0.1. The average identification accuracy and the average identification precision of the jointing-tasseling stage model are more than 85% at the training and validation, and the average identification errors in training and validation are 0.1 and 0.14. The average drought identification accuracies of the tasseling-maturing stage model at training and validation are 85.36% and 84.27%, and the average precision is more than 80%, and the average identification errors are 0.15 and 0.16. All the maize growth stage drought identification models can identify field maize drought with the about 75% average accuracy and the more than 80% average identification precision, and the average identification error values of three growth stage models are 0.22, 0.21, 0.29. 【Conclusion】In conclusion, the ability of identifying drought of maize emergence-jointing stage model is strongest, followed by the jointing-tasseling stage drought identification model, but the drought identification model for tasseling-maturing stage is relatively poor. For the same drought level identification using the same model, the identification effect at training is best, second at validation, but relatively poor at testing. For the different drought level identifications using the same model, the identification effect for medium drought is not ideal, but better for drought-free and extreme level. The results provide a reference for the maize drought pattern recognition and the automatic monitoring, and lay the foundation for the early warning of maize drought by using phenotypic characteristics.

  Effect of Pakchoi Intercropping on Hg Absorption and Accumulation in Ramie Overground Part 2018, 34 (24):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060038 Abstract + ( 688 )   Intercropping of high Hg accumulation plant ramie and low Hg accumulation plant pakchoi was conducted to study Hg forms in soil and absorption and accumulation characteristics in these two plants. The results showed that soil acid soluble Hg contents of pakchoi monoculture (T1), ramie monoculture (T2) and ramie-pakchoi intercropping (T3) were significantly higher than that of CK, and the increasing range was 39.49%, 61.67% and 58.47%, respectively, and the content of residual Hg decreased from 51.22% (CK) to 45.61% (T3). The intercropping increased Hg content in ramie leaf and stem-fibre, decreased Hg content in pakchoi. The intercropping could realize soil remediation and agriculture production in Hg polluted soil.

  Auxin Regulating Plant Growth and Development: Research Progress 2018, 34 (24):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030149 Abstract + ( 565 )   In order to understand the effect and regulatory role of auxin on different organs of plants, this paper summarizes the research progress of auxin in the growth and development of plant roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds in recent years. It mainly included: auxin can promote the germination and growth of lateral roots and adventitious roots of plants; promote cell division, extension and differentiation to promote the elongation of plant stems; promote flower bud germination and affect the morphogenesis and senescence of flowers; promote fruit development and parthenocarpy; and affect fruit enlargement and fruit ripening; promote the accumulation of photosynthetic product and affect the formation of seed embryos. In addition, the physiological characteristics, transport mechanisms, and signal transduction mechanisms of auxin transport were also reviewed. It was learned that the auxin''s regulatory effects in plants were mainly manifested in apical dominance, tissue differentiation, organ formation, tropic reaction, morphogenesis and other aspects. At the same time, the deficiencies of auxin in the regulation of network signals and the allocation of various organs were also proposed, in order to provide reference for further research.

  Application and Prospect of Synergistic Insect-resistant Technology of RNAi and Bt Toxin 2018, 34 (24):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050057 Abstract + ( 592 )   Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) toxin has excellent insect-resistant property and environmental friendliness, which makes Bt toxin a substitution for most chemical pesticides and is widely used worldwide. As a consequence, overusing of Bt toxin has caused pest generating resistant to Bt toxin, and it seriously threatens the long-term effective of Bt crops and Bt insecticides. Although, joint using of various Bt toxins may produce synergistic effect or antagonistic effect, which leads to uncertainty and lower stability. As a result, it can’t be applied widely. RNAi(RNA interference) technology could silence specific gene expression. This technology has strong specificity and it doesn’t cause environmental pollution, which has great potential in pest control. The combined application of Bt toxins and RNAi technology is expected to open a new approach in pest control. In order to study the superiority of joint using of Bt toxin and RNAi technology, this paper reviews the application of Bt toxins and RNAi technology in respective fields, and the latest research of RNAi + Bt application. The states of RNAi + Bt application in controlling target pests is summarized in this paper, and it prospects the future implication of RNAi - Bt technology.

  Toxic Effects on Paramecium caudatum: Tetracycline and Tetracycline Hydrochloride 陈 瑛 2018, 34 (24):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060115 Abstract + ( 907 )   The aim of this research is to discuss the acute and chronic toxic effects of tetracycline (TC) and tetracycline hydrochloride (HTC) on Paramecium caudatum , and preliminarily assess the potential threat of tetracycline antibiotics to aquatic organisms. 24h- lethal concentration 50% (LC 50) and the lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC ) of TC and HTC onParamecium caudatum were tested.LOEC was used in the stress test. 15-day monoclonal growth curve ofParamecium caudatum was investigated. The results were as follows: 24 h-LC 50 of TC was 52.36125 mg/L andLOEC was 15.19917 mg/L. 24 h-LC 50 of HTC was 50.24583 mg/L, LOEC value was 24.67175 mg/L. 15- day chronic toxic test showed that the two kinds of antibiotics had significant inhibitory effects on 15-day monoclonal growth curve ofParamecium caudatum . The increase rate of population declined and the numbers of individuals reduced. These results suggested that tetracycline and tetracycline hydrochloride had acute and chronic toxicity on single-cell animal. We should make a definite standard for using and emission, and monitor and control the pollution of TC and HTC.

  Detection Technology and Antioxidation of Anthocyanins in Grape: Research Progress 2018, 34 (24):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060057 Abstract + ( 630 )   It was found that the anthocyanins resources were rich in grape, and it was suggested that Comprehensive use of solvent extraction method, ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction method, enzymatic purification method, HPLC-MS method and so on in the purification process through the systematic analysis of Extraction, purification qualitative, quantitative determination and antioxidant effects of grape anthocyanins. At present, the ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction method has the advantages of short time, low energy consumption and high extraction rate, and this extraction technology has a wide application prospect. HPLC-MS method is the most widely used method for qualitative identification of grape anthocyanins, and this method can accurately detect the species, content and proportion of the contains anthocyanins from grape. In the last part, It was found that grape anthocyanins had a strong inhibitory effect on oxidative modification, and could fundamentally remove DPPH, O2-, OH, H2O2 or other free radicals base, and also have a better inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation through the summary analysis of antioxidant effects of grape anthocyanins in vitro and in vivo experiments.. Some species of grape anthocyanins can effectively reduce the occurrence of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, liver damage, acute lung injury and other diseases.

  Isolation and Identification of Endophytic Fungi from Three Commercial Truffles in Sichuan Province 李小林 2018, 34 (24):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080125 Abstract + ( 603 )   The aim of this study was to explore the culturable endophytic fungi community structure and diversity of the commercial truffles from the main producing areas in Sichuan. Fresh truffles were collected from 4 producing plots (Xintian, Xinyun, Tangtang and Xueshan) as experimental materials. PDA medias were used to isolation and culture the endophytic fungi in fruit, then identification the species of isolated by molecular method. Consequently, a total of 21 fungal were separated from Tuber indicum, Tuber pseudoexcavatum and Tuber sinoaestivum, including Trichoderma, Chaetomium, Penicillium, Fusarium and Alternaria. Among them, Trichoderma, Fusarium and Penicillium were the genera with higher abundances. Moreover, the study identification the type of culturable endophytic fungi preliminary from 3 kinds of commercial truffles in Sichuan province , it would greatly contribute to truffle preservation, to cultivation of mycorrhizal seedlings and to mechanism of truffle occurrence. However, the specific principles need to be further explored.

  Determining Five Acaricide Residues in Citrus by QuEChERS Combining with HPLC-MS/MS 2018, 34 (24):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040087 Abstract + ( 479 )   To monitor avermectin, pyridaben, spirodiclofen, hexythiazox and etoxazole residues in citrus, a multi- residue analysis method for five acaricide residues in citrus was developed and validated by using QuEChERS processing with HPLC-MS/MS. The results showed that the purification by QuEChERS treatment method was ideal in the three citrus samples of Guanxi pomelo, ponkan and navel orange. The five kinds of acaricides showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.5-500.0 μg/L (r 2>0.999), the LOD was 0.01- 0.30 μg/kg and the LOQ was 0.05-0.90 μg/kg. The additive recovery test results suggested that the additive concentrations of avermectin, pyridaben, hexythiazox and etoxazole of 2.0-200.0 μg/kg and spirodiclofen of 5.0-200.0 μg/kg were suitable to the requirement of pesticide residue analysis. The method is simple, fast, and has high sensitivity, good reproducibility and low detection concentration, so it can meet the requirements of maximum residue limit (MRL) in China and multi-residue detection.

  Separation, Identification and Homology Analysis of Cronobacter sakazakii in Milk Powder Processing 2018, 34 (24):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110016 Abstract + ( 428 )   To reduce the risk of Cronobacter sakazakii contamination effectively，samples from milk power factory manufacturing units which may be contaminated by the C. sakazakii were detected and the homology of C. sakazakii found in the sampls was determined. Physiological biochemical method, PCR method and 16SrDNA sequence analytical method were applied to analyze the microbial samples from ingredients, production line, equipment and environment. In 25 samples collected, bacteria were found in 8 samples of which 3 were identified to be C. sakazakii. Homology of C.sakazakii. E(ATCC 29544), C. sakazakii A found in milk powder, C. sakazakii H found in recovery fine powder and C. sakazakii D from the floor drain were analyzed by the 16SrDNA gene sequence, the results showed that C. sakazakii A had the highest homology with C. sakazakii H.The C. sakazakii contamination in the power products may come from the recovery of fine powder. The 8 points where bacteria were found were set to be key control points and recovery fine powder was the most critical control point. The recovery fine power and the floor drain were critical control points for Cronobacter sakazakii control. The study provides data for Cronobacter sakazakii control in milk power factory.

  The Yeasts from Tibetan Kefir: Comparison of Glutathione Production and Extraction Optimization 2018, 34 (24):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020063 Abstract + ( 482 )   To obtain the strains with high glutathione production, 16 yeasts from Tibetan Kefir were used as materials, GSH content in the yeast extract was detected with DTNB method. Taking Y15 as the original yeast, glutathione extraction condition was optimized by single factor experiment and the orthogonal test. The result showed that, yeast Y19 and Y15 had higher glutathione production. The optimized condition of glutathione extracted from Y15 was freeze-thaw hot water extraction, solid-liquid ratio 1:6, pH 2, and boiling water bath for 50 minutes. The yield of glutathione was 49.90 mg/L. Y15 is a high glutathione producing yeast, the glutathione extraction condition provides data basis for Y15 further utilization.

  Evaluation Techniques of Resource and Environmental Resources Carrying Capacity in the context of ecological civilization construction 2018, 34 (24):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070013 Abstract + ( 598 )   [Objective] In order to balance the contradiction between agricultural land, construction land and ecological protection in the construction of ecological civilization, [Method] from the perspective of land development and utilization, the demands of evaluation techniques of resource and environmental resources carrying capacity in the context of ecological civilization construction were analyzed. The evaluation techniques of resource and environmental carrying capacity were constructed with the factors including land resources, mineral resources, geological environment, and ecological environment. Miluo city of Hunan province was an example. [Result] The results showed that the technical ideas of evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity should from social economy and population into resources and environmental endowment and development in the context of ecological civilization construction. The connotation of evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity was defined as a support capacity of satisfying regional economic development without destroying its ecological environment. The evaluation results of Miluo city showed that there were 10 towns carrying capacity surplus, 4 towns carrying capacity balance, and 1 town carrying capacity overload. [Conclusion] The evaluation results were consistent with the actual situation, provided the possibility for elaboration, differentiation and related policies, planning, etc., achieved the goal of coordinating the rational allocation of land space in the context of ecological civilization construction.

  Spatial Matching Patterns of Agricultural Land and Water Resources in Sanjiang Plain: Based on Water Footprint 2018, 34 (24):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090081 Abstract + ( 679 )   Since 1985, along with climate change and planting structure adjustment, spatial matching patterns of agricultural land and water resources in Sanjiang Plain has changed from rain breeding agriculture to rain breeding-irrigation agriculture. At the same time, spatial matching patterns of agricultural land and water resources changed too. Based on the traditional connotation of agricultural land and water resources matching coefficient (ALWMC), the authors adopted a bottom- up approach, calculated the matching factors of agricultural land and water resources in Sanjiang Plain in 4 periods (1985, 1990, 2000 and 2010) by water footprint perspective of main food crops, and further studied the spatial pattern of agricultural water and soil resources in this area. The results showed that the ALWMC of each studied year in Sanjiang Plain was all higher than the mean coefficient in northeast China (4341 m3/hm2) but lower than that of the national average (6213 m3/hm2); the spatial matching pattern of agricultural land and water resources in the Sanjiang Plain area showed“the north and south superior to east and west, and the marginal land superior to the back-land”, and the spatial matching pattern of agricultural land and water resources in Tangyuan, Huachuan and Luobei were better and stable，but that in Baoqing, Boli and Qitaihe District were worse and that of other areas were fluctuated. Therefore, the development in Sanjiang Plain should consider both market requirement and land and water resources, giving priority to water-saving, keeping spatial equilibrium, and planning scientifically with targeted policy application.

  Influence of Drought Disaster on Agricultural Products Price Change: An Empirical Study Based on the Panel Data of 16 Prefectures in Yunnan 2018, 34 (24):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020052 Abstract + ( 526 )   According to relevant documents such as 2003-2016 statistical yearbooks of Yunnan Province, the author analyzes the impact of drought on the change of agricultural products price by panel data model, and proposes some feasible suggestions, in order to provide a reference for decision-making in the sustainable development of agriculture. The results indicated that the frequent occurrence of drought was the most important factor for the change of agricultural products price in Yunnan Province, and drought also restricted the price of agricultural products significantly. In addition, the price of agricultural products across Yunnan Province would decrease by 11.23% if the average annual precipitation reduced by 100 mm, and the impact degree in different regions varied a lot, meaning that different regions had different resistance abilities to the impact of drought concerning the change of agricultural products price, with Xishuangbanna Autonomous Prefecture ranking the first whereas Lincang City ranking the last.

  Ecological Security Assessment and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Cultivated Land in Typical Black Soil Region: A Case Study of Changchun 2018, 34 (24):  101-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120112 Abstract + ( 513 )   Aiming at the ecological security of cultivated land in black soil area, this paper selected typical black soil area in Changchun as the research object, constructed the cultivated land ecological security index system in black soil region based on the“pressure-state-respond”model, to analyze the ecological security situation and obstacle factors by AHP, entropy method and the resistance model. The results showed that: (1)from 2005 to 2014, Changchun’s cultivated land ecological security level showed a“safety— sensitive- safety—sensitive—sensitive- safety” change, presenting a fluctuated decreasing trend; (2) the response index of cultivated land ecological security in Changchun increased, and the pressure index and the state index decreased; (3) the trends of individual obstacle factors showed that the resistances of grassland coverage, natural disaster index, agricultural fiscal expenditure, chemical fertilizer load of unit cultivated land area increased significantly; (4) this study analyzed the spatial distribution of cultivated land ecological security in Changchun, in 2005, Changchun was in a safe state, in 2008, the distribution area of the safe area narrowed to the west of Changchun, and the sensitive area expanded to the eastern part of Changchun. Except Shuangyang in 2011, Changchun was in a safe state. Therefore, we should pay attention to soil and water conservation and scientific utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in the process of cultivated land use, and protect the ecological security of cultivated land of black soil area.

  Ecological Security Early Warning of Gansu Province 2018, 34 (24):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030131 Abstract + ( 517 )   The purpose is to analyze the situation of ecological security in Gansu from 2005 to 2015 and predict its development trend, thus to provide reference for improving the ecological environment situation. Based on the driving force-pressure-state-response (DPSR) model, an evaluation index system of ecological security early warning of Gansu was established. Then, entropy method was used to analyze the ecological security situation from 2005 to 2015. Finally, the evolution trend of ecological security from 2018 to 2022 was predicted by grey GM (1,1) model. The results indicated that: the ecological security index of Gansu increased from 0.4103 to 0.5967 from 2005 to 2015 with a fluctuating increase trend, and the ecological security level was from Grade III to Grade II, and then turn to grade III, showing a“U”type trend, which indicated that the ecological environment of Gansu was improved to some extent after experiencing a deterioration. According to the results of the grey GM (1,1) model, the ecological safety index of 2018 to 2022 was 0.6344, 0.6592, 0.6859, 0.7148 and 0.7458, respectively, indicating that the ecological security situation in Gansu maintains a good momentum.

  Characteristics of Wind-sand Flow in Abandoned Lands of Different Ages in Shiyang River Basin 2018, 34 (24):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060041 Abstract + ( 452 )   Due to the influence of moisture and vegetation, the surface sand flow of abandoned lands of differentSabandoned ages presented regular variation. Abandoned lands of differentSabandoned ages as the research object in Minqin county of the Shiyang River basin, the paper determine the characteristics of sand flow structure of abandoned lands in differentSSabandoned ages by using 100cm height sand flow observation instrument. The result showed that：(1) Total sand transport flux showed an increasing trend with the increasing of abandoned time, the longer the abandoned time the greater sand transport flux, at the same time sand transport flux are greatly influenced by the sample area surrounding landscape environment; (2) Sand transport flux of abandoned lands of differentSages changed regularity with the seasons, and closed to the wind speed, the size of sand transport flux was consistent with regular of local wind season; (3) Sand transport flux of wind-sand flow of abandoned lands overall showed the binary linear correlation with abandoned time, the correlation coefficient was 0.88;(4) Total sand transport flux of 10 samples were divided into three classes through cluster analysis, For a class of 17 years, 13 years as the category, for the rest of abandoned time for category. Due to the difference of abandoned time and the influence of the surrounding landscape vegetation, the sand transport flux of wind-sand flow of differentSabandoned lands showed very great difference.The results provided scientific basis for utilization of abandoned lands .

  Effects of Different Compositions of Microbial Fertilizer on Apple Growth and Absorption, Utilization and Loss of 15N-urea 2018, 34 (24):  123-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060048 Abstract + ( 672 )   Two years Fuji/malus hupehensis was used to study the effects of different microbial fertilizers on apple growth and absorption, utilization and loss of 15N-urea by 15N isotope labeling. Four treatments were designed: T1 (microbial fertilizer), T2 (microbial fertilizer without carrier), T3 (microbial fertilizer + NPK fertilizers) and CK (no fertilizer). The results showed that the highest total fresh weight, shoot length, root shoot ratio, root activity and root surface area were found in T1, followed by T2, and there was no significant difference between T3 and CK. The differences of soil alkali-hydrolyzable N, available P and available K of different treatments were significant, the highest contents appeared in T1, then was T2, followed by T3, CK was the lowest. In the four treatments, the number of bacteria was the most, then was actinomycetes, and fungi was the least. The highest amount of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes, and the highest soil enzyme activities, 15N utilization rate and15N residual rate were found in T1, then was T2, no significant difference was found between T3 and CK.

  Climate Change and Its Impact on Agriculture in Xiangxi from 1960 to 2017 2018, 34 (24):  128-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030077 Abstract + ( 680 )   The paper aims to grasp the characteristics of climate change in Xiangxi under the background of global warming, and to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production. Based on the daily meteorological observation data of 8 counties’meteorological stations in Xiangxi from 1960 to 2017 and the observation data of Guzhang national agro- meteorological observation station, we studied the change characteristics of temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and sunshine hours in Xiangxi and the impact on agriculture from 1960 to 2017 by means of sliding mean, linear fitting, M-K test and wavelet analysis. The results showed that: the annual average temperature rose more obviously with the rate of 0.81℃/58 a from 1960 to 2017; the interdecadal variation of temperature was obvious, and the temperature rose significantly from the beginning of the 21st century; the temperature rose significantly in winter and spring while not obviously in summer; the annual precipitation had no significant trend change, the interannual fluctuation was relatively large; and the relative humidity and sunshine hours were decreasing. The growth period of rice and rape decreased obviously and the yield declined. Climate change has a certain impact on the layout of agricultural production, crop growth, yield and quality.

  Directed Improvement of Rice Blast Resistance of Sterile Line Q211S with Molecular Marker-Assisted Selection 2018, 34 (24):  135-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060044 Abstract + ( 476 )   To improve the rice blast resistance of thermo- sensitive genic male sterile line‘Q211S’, the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line‘Q211S’was used as the receptor parent and the‘75-1-127’with excellent rice blast resistance, carrying genePi9 , was used as donor parent, five improved two-line male sterile lines with rice blast resistance were bred by using conventional breeding and molecular marker- assisted selection. Resistance identification and field trials demonstrated that the five improved two-line male sterile lines performed higher resistance to rice leaf blast and panicle neck blast, the other agronomic characters were almost identical to that of‘Q211S’. Furthermore, the new hybrid rice combinations which the five improved two-line male sterile line rice were used as female parents had no significant differences in plant height, spikelet number per panicle, setting rate and 1000- grain weight compared with that of‘Q211S’used as female parent, whereas the rice blast resistances of the new hybrid rice combinations which the five improved two-line male sterile line rice were used as female parents, were obviously enhanced

  Gene Expression of Aphelenchoides besseyi trehalase (Ab-tre) Gene under Hypertonic Osmotic Stress 2018, 34 (24):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060063 Abstract + ( 497 )   Trehalose can be hydrolyzed by trehalase in rice white tip nematode (Aphelenchoides besseyi ), which provides energy to enable the survival under hypertonic osmotic stress. This study aims at studying the gene expression of A. besseyi trehalase (Ab- tre ) gene. Ab- tre was cloned based on the transcriptome sequencing result. A 30% glycerol solution was selected to be the dehydrant to provide a hypertonic osmotic stress and the expression ofAb-tre under the hypertonic osmotic stress was studied by Q-PCR and in situ hybridization. Q- PCR showed that the gene expression of Ab- tre increased significantly when the nematodes were undergoing hypertonic osmotic stress for 3-7 min or recovered in distilled water for 90 min after a 140 min treatment of hypertonic osmotic stress. In situ hybridization showed thatAb-tre was mainly located in the central of the nematode. This study indicated that Ab-tre was related to hypertonic osmotic stress resistance ofA. besseyi . The study on the function ofAb-tre can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of the nematode.

  Toxicity Test of Seven Fungicides on Phytophthora parasitica Dastur 2018, 34 (24):  147-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060123 Abstract + ( 468 )   Absttact: In this experiment, the tissue was isolated from the Malabar spinach disease, were purified identification of pathogen parasitic Phytophthora (Phytophthora parasitica Dastur).Test using seven kinds of bactericides containing toxic medium growth rate method was used to determine the inhibition effect of parasitic phytophthora, the results showed that the drug after 48 h, chlorothalonil EC50 values of 13.60 mg/L, virulence index is larger, the parasitic disease mould inhibition effect is very significant;Evil frost manganese zinc and mancozeb EC50 values of 16.99 and 28.62 mg/L, inhibition effect is significant;Frost armor manganese zinc, downy mildews and dimethomorph EC50 values respectively is 56.23 mg/L, 56.23 mg/L and 60.71 mg/L, effect in general;Dichloride, the EC50 of cyanide from a value of 319.21 mg/L, toxicity effect is poorer;24 h after drug agents on inhibition of parasitic phytophthora effect similar to 48 h after drug inhibition effect.

  Cold-resistance of Strelitzia reginae in Different Light Conditions 2018, 34 (24):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060070 Abstract + ( 677 )   The paper aims to explore the effect of light on the seeding cultivation and cold resistance in Strelitzia reginae . The influence of different light condition on the leaf cold resistance abilities is studied by the method of physiology biochemistry from the follow physiologic indexes: the semilethal low temperature (LT50), soluble sugar, praline, POD activity, MDA with 18-months-old Strelitzia reginae as material. The results showed that lethal temperature is also gradually reduced in the natural cooling process, from -1.79℃ to -3.32℃ shade in summer and from -0.72℃ to -1.51℃shade all year. Meanwhile, soluble sugar, proline and MDA changed significantly which showed the strongest cold resistance in summer shade. POD activity was relatively stable, low sensitivity to temperature. The cold resistance of S. reginae growing in the different light condition was: shade in summer, Natural light all year, shade all year.

  Preliminary Evaluation on Collection, Preservation and Cold Resistance of Bamboo Gene Resources 2018, 34 (24):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080026 Abstract + ( 619 )   The objectives are to screen the ornamental bamboo resources which are suitable for the climatic characteristics in Shandong, and restore the bamboo forest landscape. The investigation and collection of bamboo gene resources in the representative bamboo distribution areas of Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Jiangxi Province were carried out from October 2014 to March 2015. 31 accessions were collected and preserved in resource nursery of Weihai Wenfeng Base and Jinan Licheng Tangwang Base respectively. We investigated the survival rate, sprouting rate and cold resistance for two consecutive years and used subordinate function method to evaluate the anti- cold comprehensive evaluation. The preliminary evaluation results showed thatPhyllostachys bambusoides ,Ph. aureosulcata andIndocalamus tessellatus in the coastal areas of Shandong Province had the strongest cold resistance, andPh. bambusoides ,Ph. bambusoides var.castillonis , Ph. nuda ,I. decorus andI. pedalis showed the strongest cold resistance in the inland of Shandong Province. Seven bamboo species such asPh. Bambusoide andPh. bambusoides var.castillonis , had high adaptability, they were suitable for planting and developing in Shandong Province.