Abstract: Conventional rice cropping which applies large amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide has acquired stable and high yield and met people’s need for food. However, it has brought pollution to ecological safety of paddy fields, environmental health and the edible quality of agricultural products, which impedes the sustainable development of agriculture. With the development of people’s living standards and the sustaining improvement of economy, people pay more and more attention to the production and consumption of agriculture products which are pollution-free with high safety. In recent years, in order to improve the agriculture ecological environment, carry out green development, reduce the impact of conventional rice cropping on environment and ensure food safety, key measures of reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide and providing green and high quality agricultural products have been put forward in China, which was favored by the whole society. As a model of sustainable circular agriculture ecosystem, planting and feeding in paddy fields has significantly comprehensive effects on reducing fertilizers and pesticide, improving yield and efficiency, conserving resource and protecting environment. This model is not only an important way to realize green development, revitalization of countryside and targeted poverty alleviation in agriculture, but also a measure to promote agriculture modernization. Therefore, it will be the important direction and technical approach of ecological agriculture and green agriculture development in the future, which may achieve new results in market orientation, technology research and development and mechanism innovation. This paper summarizes the ecological principles and ecological functions of planting-feeding in paddy fields and points out the practical problems and solutions in the development of this agricultural mode in China. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical and technical reference for the healthy development of the planting and feeding system and the accelerated development of agricultural modernization.