Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.8 Published:15 March 2019

  Modeling Study on Stigma Vitality and Pollen Activity of Wheat Varieties 2019, 35 (8):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010140 Abstract + ( 872 )   PDF ( 1399KB )   ( 325 ) To study the association between late spring cold and stigma and pollen vigor of different wheat varieties in the Huang-huai winter wheat region, the leading wheat varieties were used as female parent and male parent in hybridization, sexual hybridization experiments were conducted between five winter wheat varieties after emasculation 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 days, the hybrid seed rate of different combinations were studied after harvest, which represent stigma vitality and pollen activity of the wheat varieties. The results showed that when 5 wheat varieties were used as female parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Zhoumai 18’＞‘Bainong 207’＞‘Xinong 979’＞‘Liangxing 99’＞‘Yanshi 4110’, the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18’was 72.13%, and showed the highest stigma vitality; there was no significant difference between‘Bainong 207’and‘Zhoumai 18’, and the average seed setting rate of‘Zhoumai 18’was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties. When the 5 wheat varieties were used as male parents, the order of average seed setting rate was‘Bainong 207’＞‘Zhoumai 18’＞‘Yanshi 4110’＞ ‘Xinong 979’＞‘Liangxing 99’, the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207’was 72.00%, and showed the highest pollen activity, the difference between‘Bainong 207’and‘Zhoumai 18’was not significant, but the average seed setting rate of‘Bainong 207’was significantly higher than that of the other three varieties.

  Peanut Intercropped with Wheat in Henan Province: Grey Correlation Analysis 吴继华,李可,,, and 2019, 35 (8):  5-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020075 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 361 ) The aim was to understand current status of peanut breeding and select peanut varieties that suitable for promotion in Henan Province. The 11 agronomic traits of 27 peanut varieties, including main stem height, lateral branch length, number of total and pod branch, pod numbers per plant, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight, kernel rate, full pod rate, productivity per plant and pod yield, were analyzed using the grey system theory. The results showed that the grey relational analysis can accurately appraise the quality of tested varieties and select peanut varieties that suitable for promotion. The weighted correlation degree values truly reflected integrated performance of the tested varieties. The weighted correlation degree of the 19 tested varieties was larger than the '' yuhua15 '' (CK), accounting for more than 70% of the tested varieties. The weighted correlation degree value and pod yield of ''shanghua17'' were highest among the tested varieties. The overall level of intercropped peanut breeding was high in Henan. The integrated traits and yield of ''shanghua17'', ''luohua3016'', ''puhua43'', ''yuanza14'' had excellent performance, which were more suitable for planting in Henan province.

  Grey Relation Analysis Between Main Agronomic Traits and Plant Yield of Mung Bean 2019, 35 (8):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040015 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 413 ) To explore the effects of major agronomic traits on the yield per plant of mung bean, the grey relation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the agronomic traits and yield of 15 mung bean varieties. The results showed that major agronomic traits were related to yield per plant in the following sequence: pod number per plant＞ plant height＞ main stem node＞ 100-seed weight＞ the seed number per pod＞ branch number of main stem＞ growth period. Therefore, the pod number per plant and plant height should be taken into consideration first in variety breeding and selection in Shanxi Province.

  Endophytes with Antibacterial Activity Separated from Ficus microcarpa: Optimization of Fermentation Conditions 2019, 35 (8):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010073 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 257 ) To optimize the fermentation conditions of endophytes with antibacterial activity separated from Ficus microphylla, and increase the biomass of fermentation broth and the amount of antibacterial substances, the optimal fermentation condition of the QYPT-B01 strain was optimized by single factor test. The results showed that: the optimum fermentation condition of the QYPT-B01 strain in this experiment was as follows: 3% corn flour, 4% bean cake powder, 0.3% K2HPO4 · 3H2O, initial pH value 8.0, loading amount 30% , fermentation inoculation amount 1%, shaking speed 160 r/min, culture temperature 34℃. Under the condition, the biomass reached the maximum value after culturing 48 h, the OD value of fermentation liquid was 7.95, which increased by 52.0% compared with 5.23 before optimization. The amount of antibacterial substances reached the maximum value after culturing 72 h, the bacteriostasis diameter of fermentation filtrate to Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 26.42 mm, which increased by 13.5% compared with 23.28 mm before optimization. Under the optimized fermentation condition, the biomass of the QYPT-B01 strain and the amount of antibacterial substances increase significantly, which lay a foundation for further separation and purification, identification of antibacterial substances in fermentation filtrate, exploration of the antibacterial mechanism, and the development of antimicrobial agents or new antibiotics.

  Endangered Species Tetraogallus: Research Progress on Conservation Biology 王玉涛 2019, 35 (8):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030085 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 1079 ) The paper aims at study the endangered mechanism and protection strategy of Tetraogallus,restore the normal function of Tetraogallus in the ecosystem, achieve the goal of protecting biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance,the paper summarizes the conservation biology research of Tetraogallus himalayensis, Tetraogallus tibetanus and Tetraogallus altaicus in china.The results show that Some breakthroughs have been made in the field distribution, field ecology, artificial domestication and utilization value, origin and evolution, but there still have some controversies in origin and evolution of Tetraogallus and the selection of food habits, and they have some obstacles in captive breeding and development and utilization. In the future, it is necessary to use modern field monitoring techniques to assess the population of Tetraogallus; use resequencing technology to study the origin and evolution of Tetraogallus; use metagenomics techniques to study the intestinal flora of Tetraogallus and their dietary preference; and apply modern breeding techniques to improve the egg production and reproductive performance of captive Tetraogallus; use remote sensing technology to assess the habitat of Tetraogallus and focus on the medicinal mechanism of Tetraogallus.

  Introduced Carya illinoensis Varieties in Hubei: Diversity Evaluation 2019, 35 (8):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080104 Abstract + ( 581 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 230 ) The paper aims to provide reference for introduction and cultivation of Carya illinoensis. We carried out the phenological periods observation, analyzed the appearance quality and inclusion contents, and evaluated the varieties differences of 7 introduced Carya illinoensis varieties in Hubei. The results showed that: (1) the 7 varieties all could complete the growth cycle, which varied from 218 to 237 days, the varieties of ‘Shaoxing’,‘Shawnee’and‘Jinhua’might cross-fertilize; (2) among the 7 varieties, ‘Baker’ had the lowest nut weight and thinnest nut shell, which were 3.19 g and 0.65 mm, respectively; and‘Jinhua’had the highest nut weight and the thickest nut shell, 9.66 g and 0.95 mm, respectively;‘Choctaw’and‘Jinhua’had the highest and lowest kernel rate of nut, 56.01% and 41.90%, respectively;‘Shawnee’and‘Jinhua’had the maximum and minimum nuclear shape index of nut, 2.19 and 1.60, respectively; (3) among the 7 varieties, the maximum and minimum crude fat content of nut were found in ‘Pawnee’ , ‘Caddo’ , 76% and 67.52% , respectively; and the protein and total sugar content of‘Caddo’were the highest of 11.52% and 9.05% , respectively; the lowest protein (8.31%) and total sugar content (6.17%) of nut were found in‘Shawnee’and ‘Jinhua’, respectively.

  Bitter Compounds and Its Biosynthesis in Melon: Research Progress 2019, 35 (8):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030040 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 1487KB )   ( 1739 ) The bitter compounds in melon belong to cucurbitane-type triterpenoids, and the main form is cucurbitacin B, which could help plants to resist herbivores and possess some medicinal value to humans. To select elite melon varieties, carry out the rapid synthesis and improvement of cucurbitacins, and lay a foundation for the development of related medicine, this paper summarizes the chemical structure and detective methods of bitter compounds, and concludes the biosynthesis and metabolic regulation of cucurbitacin B. It points out that cucurbitadienol synthase is the key enzyme in the pathway of cucurbitacin B synthesis and the accumulation of bitterness in fruit, which is regulated by a class of transcription factors. The paper also discusses the breeding direction concerning the bitterness of melon.

  Removal of Heavy Metal From Livestock Manure Using Electroreduction Method 2019, 35 (8):  39-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030096 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1407KB )   ( 348 ) The heavy metals such as Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ in the livestock manure from one farm in Yong’ an Town, Liuyang City were treated with the electrochemical method of graphite as anode and stainless steel plate as cathode. The effects of electrolytic voltage and electrolytic time on pH value and heavy metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+) of livestock manure were studied. Moreover, the cost of energy consumption for removal heavy metals from livestock manure was calculated. The results showed that the pH value of manure in the anode region decreased, while it in the cathode region increased. The sum of the pH values of the cathode and the anode area was 14 under reaction stability condition. In different regions of the reactor, the removal effect of different heavy metals was different; in particular, the removal effect of heavy metals among the anode region was the best. Under the initial concentration of the sample 90 g/L, pH 6.82, voltage 40 V, and the reaction time 4 h, the removal of heavy metals from livestock manure reached the optimal balance between effect and cost. The removal percentage of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from livestock manure was 62.32%, 79.78%, 55.37%, and 58.56%, respectively. In this case, the cost of treating 1 m3 of manure was RMB 10.75.

  Combination Modes and Ecological Effects of Planting-Breeding ecosystem in Rice Field 2019, 35 (8):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040052 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 469 ) Conventional rice cropping which applies large amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide has acquired stable and high yield and met people’s need for food. However, it has brought pollution to ecological safety of paddy fields, environmental health and the edible quality of agricultural products, which impedes the sustainable development of agriculture. With the development of people’s living standards and the sustaining improvement of economy, people pay more and more attention to the production and consumption of agriculture products which are pollution-free with high safety. In recent years, in order to improve the agriculture ecological environment, carry out green development, reduce the impact of conventional rice cropping on environment and ensure food safety, key measures of reducing chemical fertilizer and pesticide and providing green and high quality agricultural products have been put forward in China, which was favored by the whole society. As a model of sustainable circular agriculture ecosystem, planting and feeding in paddy fields has significantly comprehensive effects on reducing fertilizers and pesticide, improving yield and efficiency, conserving resource and protecting environment. This model is not only an important way to realize green development, revitalization of countryside and targeted poverty alleviation in agriculture, but also a measure to promote agriculture modernization. Therefore, it will be the important direction and technical approach of ecological agriculture and green agriculture development in the future, which may achieve new results in market orientation, technology research and development and mechanism innovation. This paper summarizes the ecological principles and ecological functions of planting-feeding in paddy fields and points out the practical problems and solutions in the development of this agricultural mode in China. The purpose of this paper is to provide a theoretical and technical reference for the healthy development of the planting and feeding system and the accelerated development of agricultural modernization.

  Spatial Variability and Altitudinal Gradient Distribution Pattern of Soil Nutrients in Wumeng Mountainous Region, Yunnan 2019, 35 (8):  52-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030107 Abstract + ( 604 )   PDF ( 1386KB )   ( 330 ) To explore the spatial heterogeneity and the distribution pattern of soil nutrients in Wumeng mountainous region, Yunnan, the spatial variability and change rules were analyzed with classical statistics and geostatistics method for the content of soil pH value, organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and rapidly available potassium (AK). The results indicated that the soil was generally acidic, and the SOM, TN, AP and AK were at medium or higher level in most areas. The variability of all soil nutrients were at moderate or higher intensity level. Spatial variation analysis showed that the exponential model was best-fitted for the 5 soil nutrients. The pH value and TN showed strong spatial autocorrelation, affected by structural and randomness factors, the spatial distribution of all these items was patchy, and the trend of stripe distribution was not obvious. There was a significantly negative correlation between the pH value and altitude, and other nutrients showed significantly positive correlation with altitude, but the correlations were different between north, central, and south Wumeng region. Elevation was an important structural factor which affected the pH value and the content of soil nutrients, but SOM, AP and AK were also disturbed by random factors.

  Sunshine Hours in Xinxiang Based on GIS: Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics and the Influencing Factors 2019, 35 (8):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120047 Abstract + ( 810 )   PDF ( 2139KB )   ( 485 ) The paper aims to study the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of sunshine hours and their influencing factors in Xinxiang. Based on the monthly data of sunshine hours, total cloud amount, surface vapor pressure, average wind speed, precipitation and relative humidity of 7 meteorological stations in Xinxiang from 1966 to 2016, the authors analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of sunshine hours, did the mutation test and assessed the effects of 5 meteorological factors on sunshine hours by using the linear trend, t test combined with GIS. The results showed that: the annual sunshine hours in Xinxiang reduced significantly from 1966 to 2016, among them, the most obvious decline happened in summer and the decline rate of sunshine hours in spring was the lowest; the annual sunshine hours had mutation in 1983 and 1999; in general, the spatial distribution of sunshine hours in the middle of Xinxiang was more than that in the north and south, and that of the east of the Beijing-Guangzhou line was much higher; there was a significant negative correlation between the annual sunshine hours and cloud amount as well as surface vapor pressure; there was a significant positive correlation between the annual sunshine hours and the average wind speed; there was no significant correlation between the annual sunshine hours and precipitation and relative humidity.

  Temporal and Spatial Variation of Maximum Wind Speed in Xinjiang: of Main Cities and Counties During 1993 to 2013 2019, 35 (8):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020007 Abstract + ( 775 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 698 ) Sandstorms are formed around the surface of exposed dust sources by wind, which make soil drifting and desertification, increase the frequency of dust storms and deteriorate air quality, damage the ecological environment and agricultural production. Therefore, it is quite important to study the characteristics of maximum wind speed and wind direction in Xinjiang, whose ecological environment is relatively fragile, and the study is of great significance to the disaster prevention and reduction, the management of activated dune and sustainable development. Based on the latest data of 71 sites in Xinjiang, we explored the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of maximum wind speed from 1993 to 2013, and analyzed the distribution of annual and monthly maximum wind speed and the characteristics of wind direction. The results showed that Ulugqat county had the most maximum wind speed (>17 m/s) days from 1993 to 2013, and the number of days in Khotan was the minimum of 16 days. The highest value of maximum wind speed days appeared in 1999, totally 257 days in Xinjiang; the lowest was in 2013 of 69 days. Spring and summer wind days were greater than that of autumn and winter. There were obvious differences in the direction of the maximum wind speed in major cities and counties of Xinjiang. The maximum wind speed in the east of Tianshan Mountain was mainly southeast and northeast direction, that in the north of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction, that in the south of Tianshan was mainly northwest and northeast direction, and that in the west of Tianshan was southeast and northwest direction.

  Influence of Observation Times on the Daily Mean Air Temperature Statistics: A Case Study of Heilongjiang 裴宇航 and 2019, 35 (8):  73-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050027 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 303 ) The daily mean temperature is the basis for the statistic analysis of monthly, annual and multi-year average temperature, and is also an important indicator for studying the characteristics of long- term temperature change. Understanding the differences between the daily mean temperature values obtained by different observation times or calculation methods is important for the study of climatology and climate change. Based on the analysis of minute air temperature data of Harbin station, the mean value of 24 times timing air temperature could represent daily mean temperature. Using the 24 h data of 8 national reference climatological stations, we analyzed the effect of observation times and calculation method on the evaluation of mean temperature in long-time scale. The results showed that: (1) the annual average temperature obtained by three times weighted value (T3) and the maximum and minimum average (Tmn) were all on the high side, and the annual average temperature obtained by four times average (T4) was closed to 24 times average (T24); (2) on seasonal average, T3 was higher in spring and summer, meanwhile lower in winter; Tmn was higher in summer, autumn and winter; compared with T24, T3 of the whole province was generally higher from March to October; Tmn was on the high side except May; T4 was higher from April to July; T3 and T4 were higher in the latter stage of the first half of the year, and lower in the beginning and the end of the year in each station; (3) Tmn was high throughout the year in southwest stations and in the beginning of the year and the second half of the year in northern stations; (4) T3 and Tmn were higher in warmer years.

  Control Effect of Four Biological Agents on Tobacco Root-knot Nematodes 2019, 35 (8):  82-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100071 Abstract + ( 642 )   PDF ( 1258KB )   ( 435 ) Root-knot nematode has become the major threat to tobacco in Panzhihua, and caused serious yield loss. To screen biological agent with high efficiency and safety, a field experiment was conducted to determine the effect of four biological agents against tobacco root-knot nematode in Ganbazi, Renhe during 2017-2018. The efficacy was evaluated comprehensively through control efficacy, the correction control efficacy of the decline rate of the second- stage juveniles and the yield- increasing efficiency. The results showed that ‘Yongwei?168’agent gained the highest comprehensive performance with the control efficacy of 62.11%, the correction control efficacy of the decline rate of the second-stage juveniles of 81.05% and the yield increase effect of 53.08% 120 days after the treatment. Therefore,‘Yongwei?168’agent has a good application prospect on controlling tobacco root-knot nematodes.

  Registration and Application of Chinese Smoke Agents 2019, 35 (8):  86-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050008 Abstract + ( 689 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 427 ) To clarify problems in the application of registered smoke agents in China, provide references for the management and rational use of smoke agents, and improve the quality and safety of vegetable products, by the information inquiry through the official network platform and the field investigation, the product structure of the smoke agents was analyzed, and the problems in the application were summarized. The results showed that in general, there were insufficient new smoke agents, current smoke agents had fewer registered crops and control objects, and single function. Quality problems were found in some smoke agents in the market, including some active ingredients were not coincide with the label, detected contents were inconsistent with the label, some ingredients were not labeled, counterfeit and shoddy products were common and so on. The main problems in the application of smoke agents were the over-the-range use and insufficient safety intervals. Finally, some suggestions were proposed as timely adjustment of the product structure in registration, strengthening the law enforcement of agricultural departments, and rational application.

  Beef Cattle Fattening Efficiency of Banana Stems and Leaves Silage 2019, 35 (8):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110135 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 254 ) The feeding effect is an important index to evaluate the application and popularization of forage. Banana stems and leaves silage is a new kind of unconventional forage resource. Compared with conventional forage, the feeding efficiency of banana stems and leaves were determined to provide a basis for production and application. In this paper, 18 to 24 months fattening beef cattle were selected in different breeding cattle farms, the effects of banana stems and leaves silage on fattening beef cattle were studied, and the weight gain efficiency comparisons of banana stems and leaves silage and sugarcane slight leaf silage, corn straw fresh grass, corn straw silage, bamboo straw fresh grass, whole plant corn silage with bud were conducted for two consecutive years. The beef cattle were weighed before feeding and 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after feeding. The fattening efficiency of banana stems and leaves silage on beef cattle was evaluated by the daily gain of cattle. The results showed that the effect of banana stems and leaves silage on fattening and weight gain of Western hybrid cattle was significantly higher than that on local yellow cattle. The daily weight gain of Western hybrid cattle was 0.92-1.26 kg per head and that of local yellow cattle was 0.41-0.59 kg per head. Compared with other kinds of forage, the daily weight gain of banana stems and leaves silage was lower than that of whole corn silage only in 30 days by 0.106 kg per head (P>0.05), and similar to that of straw silage and sugarcane slight leaf silage (P>0.05), slightly higher than that of corn straw fresh feed and bamboo straw fresh feed (P>0.05). The banana stems and leaves silage can substitute conventional forages like corn plant, sugarcane slightly leaf and bamboo grass, and be widely used in beef cattle breeding.

  Species and Dynamics of Polyphagous Pests in Spring Watermelon Greenhouse in Daxing, Beijing 覃晓春,布.布尔玛,董兆克 and 张志勇 2019, 35 (8):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120023 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 231 ) The main pest species and occurrence in spring watermelon greenhouse in Daxing district, Beijing are investigated to provide information for pest control and prediction. Field investigation and yellow stick cards were used to survey the pest species and dynamics in watermelon greenhouse in Daxing district, Beijing for two consecutive years. The results showed that the main pests in spring watermelon greenhouse were polyphagous pests: red spider mites, thrips and aphids. The pests trapped by yellow stick cards with the largest number were thrips, followed by aphids, so they were the dominant pests, other pests counted for less than 0.5% . The dominant pests infested watermelon leaves were also polyphagous pests: red spider mites and wingless aphids, which accounted for more than 58.07% and 6.35% for the two consecutive years, respectively. The occurrence peak of wingless aphids (early and mid May) was earlier than that of winged aphids (late May) and the aphid population decreased after mid June. The thrips trapped by yellow stick cards reached the population peak in June and remained until the plants were uprooted. The thrips infested watermelon flowers reached the peak in mid June, then decreased in July as the number of flowers decreased. In 2014, the red spider mites reached the population peak in early June, and then continued to decline. In 2015, the occurrence of red spider mites was slightly aggravated and the time was advanced. In May, the mites occurred slightly. In June, the mite number increased quickly, reached the peak in mid June, and remained until the plants were uprooted. For those polyphagous pests, the aphids should be controlled mainly in May and June, while the thrips and red spider mites should be control mainly in June and July.

  The Growth Traits, Meat Quality and Slaughtering Performance of Chicken Under Fermentation Bed Feeding Mode 2019, 35 (8):  102-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020023 Abstract + ( 447 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 148 ) In the fermentation bed feeding mode, the growth traits of broiler hen were recorded in 3 batches, after 10 weeks, 40 hens were chosen from every mode for slaughtering, and the slaughter performance and quality analysis are carried out. Results showed that: for growth traits, the weight of 5 and 9 weeks of the first batch in fermentation bed feeding mode was significantly higher than that of flat online mode (P<0.01), the weight of 5, 6 and 9 weeks of the third batch in fermentation bed feeding mode was significantly higher than that of flat online mode (P<0.01); for meat quality, the filtration rate, moisture content and crude protein of chest muscle in flat online mode were significantly inferior to those in fermentation bed mode (P<0.05). The pH value and shear force of leg muscle quality in fermentation bed mode was significantly lower than those in flat online mode (P<0.05). Therefore, the fermentation bed feeding mode is superior to the flat online mode and can achieve zero discharge and clean production, worthy to be recommended to small and medium-sized feeding farms.

  Optimization of Brown Rice Instant Porridge Processing Technology Based on Response Surface Methodology 2019, 35 (8):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030059 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 1519KB )   ( 289 ) To comprehensively use brown rice and develop brown rice whole grain foods, using brown rice as raw material and on the basis of single factor, the effects of process parameters such as boiling time, soaking time, and cooking time on rehydration rate, sensory quality, and gelatinization degree of brown rice instant porridge were studied. Using sensory score as response value, response surface methodology was used to optimize the production process of brown rice instant porridge produced by boiling-soaking-cooking method. The results showed that the optimal technological parameters of brown rice instant porridge were obtained as follows: the boiled time of 20.40 min; the soaking time of 1.46 h; the cooking time of 54.22 min. Under these conditions, the sensory score of the brown rice instant porridge was 78.98 and the gelatinization degree was 85.28%. After the verification test, the results obtained were close to the predicted values. Through the texture analysis, it could be seen that the products obtained by boiling-soaking-cooking method were better than nonsoaking method, and it would not be easily retrograded after rehydration. The brown rice instant porridge produced in this study has rich aroma and good quality, which provides a useful reference for industrial production.

  Optimizing the Extraction Process of Anthocyanin in Grape Peel 2019, 35 (8):  114-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050159 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 388 ) To study the effects of different conditions on the extraction of anthocyanins, an orthogonal experimental design L9(33) was used to optimize the condition of the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assay of anthocyanin composition and content in peel of summer black grape. Three factors affecting extraction process of anthocyanin including, extraction solution, method and three chromatographic conditions were evaluated with an aim to establish a high- throughput extracting process of assay in anthocyanin composition and content in peel of grape. The results showed that the optimal process of assay in anthocyanin composition and content consisted of the extract solution of methanol: water=1:1, phosphoric acid pH value of 2.0, the extraction time of 30 min. The chromatographic condition included mobile phase A: water/ acetonitrile/ formic acid=40/50/10 (v/v/v) and mobile phase B: water/ acetonitrile/ formic acid=87/3/10 (v/v/v), column temperature of 45℃, injection volume of 20 μL, detection wavelength of 520 nm, and the gradient elution conditions were: (1) 0-15 min, 6%A→30%A; (2)15-30 min, 30%A→50%A; (3)30-35 min, 50%A→60%A; (4)35-40 min, 60%A→6%A. Under these conditions, elphinidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, peonidin-3-O-glucoside and malvidin-3-gluconside chloride were separated successfully.

  Differences of Nutritional Components in Chinese Eriocheir sinensis: Research Progress 2019, 35 (8):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020013 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 335 ) The Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) is a prominent variety of freshwater crabs in China. It is well received by consumers for its unique flavor and high nutritional value. In order to provide the references for production and quality evaluation of Chinese mitten crab, we summarize the research progress on the nutritional quality of Chinese mitten crabs, and the development of the main nutritional composition detection, conclude and compare the existing nutrient detecting methods. At last, suggestions are proposed, including the grade evaluation of Chinese mitten crabs, the adjustment of cultivation and culture mode for meeting the market demand, and the identification of the origin.

  Rubber Tree Cultivation Technology Service System Based on WeChat Public Platform 丁华平,刘忠妹 and 许木果 2019, 35 (8):  129-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100111 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 4239KB )   ( 214 ) With the improvement of communication network and the popularization of smart phone, mobile phone has become a major way for farmers to obtain information. However, due to the lack of Internet skills and the constraints of education level, it is often difficult for farmers to get the agricultural information they need. It is necessary to develop a more effective information service system which could link the extension agencies of rubber tree cultivation technology and farmers. WeChat public platform is a platform for operators of public accounts to provide information and services to WeChat users, it provides a new opportunity to realize the innovation of agricultural information service mode. Therefore, we try to build a rubber tree cultivation technology service system based on WeChat public platform. The system includes two main modules of rubber knowledge and technical service, which can achieve the following main functions: inquiry of rubber tree cultivation management knowledge; expert to user one- to- one remote technical service; rubber tree fertilization formula inquiry; and rubber information service. Rubber tree cultivation technology service system builds an efficient and convenient information bridge between experts and agricultural technicians, agricultural technicians and farmers, and farmers and industry, innovates the service modes and channels, and effectively solves the‘last kilometer’problem of scientific and technological information transmission.

  Interpretation of National Standard Element Coding of Right to Rural Land Contractual Management 2019, 35 (8):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050044 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 362 ) The element coding of right to rural land contractual management is the groundwork for the informational management of rural land contract. The national standard Element Coding of Right to Rural Land Contractual Management(GB/T 35958-2018) will come into effect on September 1, 2018, which would have important impact on specifying the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right and promoting the informational construction of rural land contract management. To use GB/T 35958-2018 accurately and specify the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right, it was necessary to explain comprehensively the main contents of GB/T 35958- 2018. In this study, the backgrounds, content elements and hierarchical structure of the GB/T 35958- 2018 were introduced and analyzed. After analyzing the coding structure, coding method and coding rule for the element of right to rural land contractual management, the relationships between the GB/T 35958- 2018 and other standards were revealed, especial for the relationship and difference between GB/T 35958-2018 and NY/T 2538-2014. In addition, some key points in the confirmation, registration and certification of rural land contract management right were proposed for the application of GB/T 35958- 2018. Finally, the measures for publicizing and implementing the GB/T 35958-2018 were given, and some suggestions for the revision of the national standard were also proposed.

  Eugenol Reduces Capture Stress of Tilapia mossambica 2019, 35 (8):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020064 Abstract + ( 866 )   PDF ( 1353KB )   ( 368 ) The aims are to learn the effect of eugenol on fish culture, and determine whether the stress response may be reduced by moderate anesthesia. By proper anesthesia and no anesthesia on Tilapia mossambica, the dynamic changes of cortisol and lactic acid in T. mossambica plasma after treatment in different periods were tested. The results showed that when the concentration of eugenol gradually increased within the range of 10-120 mg/L, the duration of anesthesia was gradually shortened, and the recovery time gradually increased, and the best concentration was 45 mg/L. Samples were taken after 0, 30 and 60 min, the concentration of cortisol in eugenol group was reduced, while there was no significant difference at different time (P>0.05) and that in the contrast group was obviously increased (P<0.05). The cortisol concentration of eugenol group at 0 min was lower than that of the contrast group and significantly lower than that of the contrast group (P<0.01) at 30 and 60 min. The lactic acid concentration in the two groups almost remained the same at 0 min, and that in contrast group at 30 min and 60 min was greatly higher than that at 0 min (P<0.05), and obviously higher than that of the eugenol group at 0, 30 and 60 min (P<0.05), therefore, the difference of lactic acid concentration in the eugenol group was slight. It indicates that with ideal anesthetic dose, eugenol can effectively avoid the increase of cortisol and lactate acid concentration, and reduce capture stress of T. mossambica.

  The Bacterial Community Structure of Culture System Based on Biofloc Technology: A Review 2019, 35 (8):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110095 Abstract + ( 928 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 299 ) The authors introduced the study of bacterial community structure of biofloc, and set forth the composition and diversity of bacterial community structure at different stages of biofloc formation in the aquaculture system. Then, we analyzed the effect of environmental conditions, including different carbon sources and carbon-nitrogen ratios (C/N), on the compositions and diversities of microbial community in the biofloc as well as in the intestine of cultured animals. Besides, the roles of microbial community of biofloc were summarized, including the function of nitrogen removal and the inhibition of pathogenic bacteria growth and reproduction. Finally, the authors looked forward to the future developments and research directions of biofloc technology. The researchers could try to study the acclimation of the heterotrophic biofloc system into a nitrifying biofloc system gradually by reducing the amount of carbon source added progressively during the middle and late stages of biofloc culture system. In addition, the combination of the biofloc technology and the biofilm technology in aquaculture system could also be demonstrated in the future by the researchers.

  Physicochemical Properties and Lignocellulose Decomposition of Agaricus bisporus Compost Cultivated with Volvariella volvacea Mushroom Residue 2019, 35 (8):  152-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030063 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 268 ) To explore the feasibility of Agaricus bisporus cultivation with the Volvariella volvacea mushroom residue as the main raw material, the physical and chemical properties, the content of lignocellulose, the activities of related enzymes, and the biological efficiency of mushrooms were studied by collecting samples at the composting stage and cultivation stage. The nitrogen content in the residue of V. volvacea mushroom, which was mainly waste cotton, was over 1.8% . After the second fermentation, the nitrogen content of compost reached to 2.37% in this experimental recipe. At the composting stage, the degradation ratio of cellulose and lignin was 62.03% and 39.2%, respectively. At spawning stage, 29.32% hemicellulose and 21.38% lignin were used. At the same time, the xylanase activity showed an increasing trend, and the laccase activity reached the highest level. At the harvesting stage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were partially utilized. The yield of A. bisporus was 22.48 kg/m2, and the biological conversion efficiency was 51.38% . The effect of A. bisporus cultivated with V. volvacea mushroom residue is good, and the change of degradation enzyme activity is positively correlated with the change of lignocellulose.

  The impact of organizational proximity on performances of cooperative agricultural extension: a multi-case study 2019, 35 (8):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100110 Abstract + ( 495 )   PDF ( 1378KB )   ( 508 ) The study aims to reveal the relationship between different dimensions of organizational proximity and the performance of cooperative agricultural extension, and improve the cooperative performance. By obtaining case information through field investigation and interview, we did an exploratory case study on six cooperative agricultural extension projects, which involved two stages, one is within the case and the other is cross the cases, and proposed a series of theoretical propositions to reveal the relationship between organizational proximity and the performances. The study finds that organizational proximity and cooperative performance is positively correlated, but there are some differences in specific dimensions, like the relationship between conditional proximity and cooperative performance is not clear, structural proximity and cooperative performance has a slightly positive correlation, operational and relationship proximity are positively related with the performance, and the cooperative mode plays an intermediary role between them. Different agricultural extension organizations should choose the appropriate cooperation mode according to the proximity degree of the organization, optimize the cooperation structure and maintain the cooperative relationship, so as to improve the cooperation performance.