Abstract: To explore the feasibility of Agaricus bisporus cultivation with the Volvariella volvacea mushroom residue as the main raw material, the physical and chemical properties, the content of lignocellulose, the activities of related enzymes, and the biological efficiency of mushrooms were studied by collecting samples at the composting stage and cultivation stage. The nitrogen content in the residue of V. volvacea mushroom, which was mainly waste cotton, was over 1.8% . After the second fermentation, the nitrogen content of compost reached to 2.37% in this experimental recipe. At the composting stage, the degradation ratio of cellulose and lignin was 62.03% and 39.2%, respectively. At spawning stage, 29.32% hemicellulose and 21.38% lignin were used. At the same time, the xylanase activity showed an increasing trend, and the laccase activity reached the highest level. At the harvesting stage, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were partially utilized. The yield of A. bisporus was 22.48 kg/m2, and the biological conversion efficiency was 51.38% . The effect of A. bisporus cultivated with V. volvacea mushroom residue is good, and the change of degradation enzyme activity is positively correlated with the change of lignocellulose.