Abstract: The study aims to reveal the relationship between different dimensions of organizational proximity and the performance of cooperative agricultural extension, and improve the cooperative performance. By obtaining case information through field investigation and interview, we did an exploratory case study on six cooperative agricultural extension projects, which involved two stages, one is within the case and the other is cross the cases, and proposed a series of theoretical propositions to reveal the relationship between organizational proximity and the performances. The study finds that organizational proximity and cooperative performance is positively correlated, but there are some differences in specific dimensions, like the relationship between conditional proximity and cooperative performance is not clear, structural proximity and cooperative performance has a slightly positive correlation, operational and relationship proximity are positively related with the performance, and the cooperative mode plays an intermediary role between them. Different agricultural extension organizations should choose the appropriate cooperation mode according to the proximity degree of the organization, optimize the cooperation structure and maintain the cooperative relationship, so as to improve the cooperation performance.