Abstract: Subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest is one of important vegetation types in the world. Here we report preliminary results of community composition and structure, species diversity index and size effects of Lushan forest plot. We established a 1 hm2 (100m×100m) Lithocarpus glaber forest permanent plot from September 2014 to June 2015 in mid-subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Lushan Nature Reserve, China. Following the standard census procedure of the China Forest Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN), all free-standing trees diameter at breast height (DBH)≥1 cm in the forest were mapped, tagged and identified to species. The wood plants were counted, and the community composition and scale effect of diversity index were analyzed by Spss19.0 and biodiversity software. The results show that: the 162 species of woody plants were emerged, the tree layer (DBH ≥1cm) have 104 species in 1 hm2. According to the rank of communities important value, the top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber, Litsea cubeba and Loropetalum chinense; and according to the relative dominance of top 3 species were Lithocarpus glaber, Loropetalum chinense and Castanopsis eyrei, accounted for 36.1% 14.3% and 9.2%, respectively. The species diversity index were relied on scale, with increasing size scale of area, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index was showed significantly increased and after stable value, the Evenness index was decreased first and then stabilized, Simpson''s-Dominance appeared the maximum and then gradually decreased, diversity index value of the secondary forest tree layer is stable when the sample size scale at 4900 m2, and the shrub layer maintained a stable value when at 2500 m2.