Abstract: The influences of different long-term fertilization patterns on the lime concretion black soil aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution were studied, to provide scientific basis for eliminating bad attributes in soils and establishing rational fertilization system in this area. Based on long-term fertilization experiment in Yangliu village of Anhui province, soil samples were collected at different soil depths. The experiment included five treatments: non-fertilization (CK), application of single chemical fertilizer (NPK), application of single organic fertilizer (M), mixed application of organic and chemical fertilizer with the same amount of nitrogen (MNPK), mixed application of organic and chemical fertilizer with the larger amount of nitrogen (HMNPK). Grading the soil aggregate structure by dry sieving and wet sieving method, and total organic carbon in soils and organic carbon in different size aggregates were determined. The results showed that long term fertilizations significantly affected the distribution of different fractions size aggregates and their organic carbon contents. Organic fertilizer application increased the amount of size 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm macro-aggregate and < 0.25 mm micro-aggregate amounts at 0-10 cm soil layer. The water stable aggregates in the topsoil are mainly distributed in 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm and < 0.25 mm sizes, but fertilization had no significant effect on the contents of water-stable aggregates. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the total organic carbon contents in different soil layers, and the application of organic fertilizer was higher than that of single chemical fertilizer. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the organic carbon contents of aggregate in 1-0.5 mm and 0.5-0.25 mm dry sieves of surface soil, and the increase of HMNPK treatment was the highest. The application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on increasing the content of organic carbon in soil water stable aggregates, especially on the increase of organic carbon contents of 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm and < 0.25 mm diameter water stable aggregates, both of which were the largest in M treatment. Under the condition of rotation of wheat-maize in lime concretion black soil area, long-term organic fertilizer application could increase the content of total organic carbon, middle aggregates amounts and its organic carbon contents, which was beneficial to improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.