Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.32 Published:19 November 2019

  Effect of Late Sowing on Lodging Resistance and Grain Yield of Winter Wheat at Different Densities 2019, 35 (32):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070043 Abstract + ( 628 )   PDF ( 1391KB )   ( 184 ) Regular sowing date (October 10) and moderate late sowing date (October 20) were designed in this study using a large-spike winter wheat variety‘( Tainong 18’) as the experimental material. Furthermore, on each sowing date, three planting densities were designed at 2.25, 3.75 and 5.25 million plants/hm2 respectively. The interactive effects of sowing date and planting density and their interactions on the grain yield, culm height at the center of gravity (CHCG), culm mechanical strength of the second base internode (CMS) and the culm lodging resistance index (CLRI) of winter wheat were studied to clarify the regulation of late sowing on grain yield and culm lodging resistance of high-yield winter wheat. The results showed that the interactive effect of sowing date and planting density significantly influenced the yield and lodging resistance of winter wheat. Properly increasing planting density to 3.75 million plants/hm2 could achieve high yield by improving the number of spikes during each sowing period, and there was no significant difference between the two sowing dates. Moderate late sowing increased the CLRI of the winter wheat enormously in various planting densities. Under the late sowing condition, with the increase of planting density, the improvement of the CHCG and the reduction of the CMS were obviously lower than those of the conventional sowing date. Therefore, the CLRI of winter wheat at relatively high density could still be maintained at a high level. The winter wheat planted at a relatively high density could balance its high grain yield and high lodging resistance by means of sowing relatively late. In this research, the high yield and the stable production could be achieved simultaneously when sowing on October 20 at the planting density of 3.75 million plants/hm2.

  Annual Co-ordinated Reduction of Phosphorus Application to Wheat/ Maize Rotation System in North China Plain 2019, 35 (32):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110130 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 1394KB )   ( 151 ) To explore the reasonable reduction measures of phosphate fertilizer in current soil phosphorus surplus pool in China, the typical winter wheat-summer maize rotation system in North China is taken as the research object, and the concept of annual phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate is introduced to comprehensively study the effects of phosphorus reduction combined with annual coordination measures on annual phosphate fertilizer use efficiency and yield in fields with different phosphorus contents. The results showed that in the high phosphorus soil, the annual phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate of the integrated phosphorus application measures could be increased from 7% to 16.6%, the annual phosphorus nutrient partial productivityincreasedfrom66kg/kgto130kg/kg,andthephosphateagronomicefficiencyincreasedfrom 5.5kg/kg to 8.9 kg/kg; in the medium phosphorus soil, the annual phosphate fertilizer utilization rate increased from 11.4% to 23.8%, the annual phosphorus nutrient partial productivity increased from 57 kg/kg to 112 kg/kg, and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer increased from 10.8 kg/kg to 20 kg/kg. Therefore, under the current situation of soil phosphorus surplus in North China, the reduction of co- ordinated phosphorus application can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of phosphate fertilizer, and ensure the production of the two crops of winter wheat and summer maize.

  Research Status and Application Prospect of Peanut Shell 2019, 35 (32):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070068 Abstract + ( 880 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 575 ) Peanut is the main oil and economic crop in China, as a by-product, peanut shell accounts for about 30% of the peanut production. The peanut shell contains a variety of minerals and functional components, and has important application values in agricultural production, food processing, functional product development and so on. However, due to the limited technologies and backward techniques, most of peanut shell was still used as feed and fertilizer, the added value and utilization rate were low. Recently, efforts have been made to explore the utilization of peanut shell. In this paper, the composition of peanut shell and its applications and key technologies in agriculture, food, medicine, environmental protection, chemical industry and construction were reviewed and discussed. It is believed that the in- depth utilization of peanut shells would add an important value to peanut plants, but for large-scale production and utilization of peanut shells, technologies should be optimized and improved after the laboratory stage, to truly realize the circular agriculture and low carbon economy.

  Comparing Potato Varieties (lines) in Dry Farming Areas of Lanzhou 2019, 35 (32):  20-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090045 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1212KB )   ( 103 ) As one of the main food crop, potato has rich nutrition, and is known as the “underground apple” laudatory name. To meet the demand for high-yield and good-quality new potato varieties, the yield, quality and disease resistance were performed on 20 new potato varieties (lines) in Yuzhong County of Gansu Province in 2017, using "Longshu 7" as the control. The results showed that, "Longshu 10", "Longshu 7" and "Longshu 12" had such advantages as high yield, wild adaptability, strong disease and drought resistance and high marketable tuber percentage, the yield of "Longshu 10" was the highest, up to 35175.90 kg/hm2, compared with the control, yield of "Longshu 10" was increased by 6.03 %, so "Longshu 10" could be recommended for planting in this area. Considering marketable tuber percentage and taste, "Longshu 7" and "Longshu 12" should be appropriately expanded this area after further evaluation.

  Stress Physiology of Energy Plant Ricinus communis: A Review 2019, 35 (32):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080047 Abstract + ( 507 )   PDF ( 1104KB )   ( 138 ) Ricinus communis is one of the top ten oil crops throughout the world. This plant has high economic value and strong stress tolerance. In order to comprehensively understanding the research status of physiological response to stress of this species, the physiological responses and mechanisms of castor to temperature, drought, salt-alkali stress and metal ion toxicity were summarized. We also analyzed the relationship between many physiological parameters (such as growth, photosynthesis, osmotic adjustment, antioxidant enzyme activity and gene expression) and stress factors, and put forward the research prospects based on these status. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the physiological adaptation mechanism of castor to alkali stress, the functional analysis of important secondary metabolites for castor in response to the stress environments, and the interactions between castor and endophyte. This paper can provide scientific basis for the theoretical research of castor adverse biology and its application and promotion in production practice.

  Effect of Irrigation Water Chlorine Content and Irrigation Times on Chlorine Content of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaves 2019, 35 (32):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600326 Abstract + ( 413 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 95 ) To clarify the effect of irrigation water chlorine content and irrigation times on chlorine content in flue-cured tobacco leaves, irrigation water with low (7.7 mg/L), medium (24.6 mg/L) and high (43.2 mg/L) chlorine content were used to irrigate tobacco plant once, twice, and three times (each irrigation volume was 525 m3/hm2), 9 treatments field trials in total. The results showed that: increase in both irrigation water chlorine content and irrigation times can significantly increase the chlorine content of mature and roasted leaves.chlorine content in mature and roasted leaves of middle and upper part of tobacco. which were irrigated three times by low-chlorine water, were only 0.43%-0.49%,However, under the condition of medium-chlorine water irrigation, the mature and roasted leaves of the middle and upper part of tobacco, which were irrigated once, twice and three times, contained the lowest (0.51%-0.55%); medium (0.61%-0.72%) and highest (0.8%) chlorine content respectively; under the condition of high-chlorine water irrigation, the chlorine content in leaves of tobacco, which were also irrigated once, twice and three times were 0.59%-0.64%, more than 0.85%, and more than 1.1% respectively. The relative contribution rate of one and two more times of irrigation by medium chlorine water to the leaf chlorine content were 19.2%-30.9% and 31.3%-54.5% respectively, while, the relative contribution rate of one and two more times of irrigation by high chlorine water to the leaf chlorine content were 44.1% and 86.4% respectively. In summary, irrigation water chlorine content and irrigation times can affect the chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco leaves significantly, and the high chlorine water irrigation has the greatest impact. So, to control the chlorine content of tobacco leaves within the appropriate range of 0.3%-0.8%, tobacco plant should be irrigated by low chlorine water, medium-chlorine water irrigation should be rationally limited, and high-chlorine water irrigation should be controlled.

  Grey Relation Analysis Between Yield per Plant and Main Agronomic Traits of Non-heading Chinese Cabbage 2019, 35 (32):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700401 Abstract + ( 469 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 65 ) To reveal the relationship between yield per plant and main agronomic traits of non-heading Chinese cabbage, the grey relation analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation between yield per plant and eight main agronomic traits of 18 non-heading Chinese cabbage strains. The results indicated that the 8 main agronomic traits were related to yield per plant in the order as follows: plant width＞ maximum leaf width＞ maximum leaf petiole width＞ maximum leaf petiole thickness＞ number of leaves＞ maximum leaf length＞ plant height＞ maximum leaf petiole length. Plant width, maximum leaf width and maximum leaf petiole width had the maximum influence on yield per plant of non-heading Chinese cabbage. To obtain new non-heading Chinese cabbage varieties with preferable yield in breeding practice, the selection of plant width, maximum leaf width and maximum leaf petiole width should be emphasized, while the selection of other traits should be taken into account.

  Evaluation of Cold Resistance in Bud and Seedling Stage of Main Tomato Cultivars in Ningxia 2019, 35 (32):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070083 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1360KB )   ( 107 ) Based on the germination characteristics of nine different tomato varieties at low temperature and the chilling injury index at seedling stage, the cold tolerance was evaluated comprehensively, in order to provide a basis for screening the varieties with strong cold resistance. The test results show that both "Jiafen 8436" and "Aiji 168" are both resistant to low temperature.

  Effect of Biodegradable Amino Acid Fertilizer from Feather on Growth and Fruit Quality of Strawberry 2019, 35 (32):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080074 Abstract + ( 506 )   PDF ( 1402KB )   ( 99 ) To study the application effect of biodegradable amino acid fertilizer from feather on strawberry cultivation, pot experiments using biodegradable amino acid fertilizer and commodity amino acid fertilizer as topdressing fertilizer were carried out. Influence of different concentration of biodegradable amino acid fertilizer and commodity amino acid fertilizer on strawberry vegetative growth, chlorophyll content and fruit quality at different periods were analyzed. The results showed that the biodegradable amino acid fertilizer from feather with free amino acid content of 0.364 g?L-1 significantly improve strawberry plant height and leaf area at low temperature. In the appropriate temperature, the treatment can improve strawberries chlorophyll relative content (SPAD). All treatments using amino acid fertilizer can improve the quality of strawberry fruit, however, the soluble sugar, sugar acid ratio and VC content of strawberries watering biodegradable amino acid fertilizer from feathers with free amino acid content of 0.364 g?L-1 were significantly higher than other treatments. Biodegradable amino acid fertilizer from feather has application potential as a new kind of biological fertilizer.

  Isolation Conditions of Pollen Protoplasts in Wild Jujube 2019, 35 (32):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070095 Abstract + ( 513 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 223 ) The aim is to provide materials for ploidy breeding and cell fusion of wild jujube, and to open up a new path for hybrid breeding and variety renewal of jujube. The protoplast was separated by enzymatic hydrolysis from the pollen of wild jujube tetrad. The protoplast yield was calculated by hemocyte counter and the protoplast viability was determined by FDA. The results showed that when mannitol was used as osmotic regulator in the mixed enzyme solution of 1% snail enzyme and 0.5% cellulase, after 4 hours of enzymatic hydrolysis,the isolation rate of Pollen Protoplasts was the highest at the tetrad stage, reaching 4.8×105A/mL, by 0.01% FDA activity, the vitality of Pollen Protoplasts the tetrad stage was 21.1%. Degree of mannitol affected the isolation of pollen protoplasts. In 0.3 mol/L mannitol, the isolation rate of Pollen Protoplasts at tetrad stage was 3.8 ×105A/mL , and the vitality was 27.3%.isolation of Pollen Protoplasts in tetrad stage provides materials for subsequent triploid breeding, and provides practical basis for protoplast isolation in other pollen stages of wild jujube.

  Comprehensive Appraisal of the Quality of Ornamental Foliage Begonia 2019, 35 (32):  57-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700451 Abstract + ( 408 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 120 ) Pot-culture experiments were conducted to observe 15 indexes of 38 ornamental foliage begonias species and cultivars. The aim of the present study was to establish a comprehensive system for appraising the quality of ornamental foliage begonias, and to offer a theoretical support for selection and application. The weight of 15 factors was quantitatively evaluated by analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that plant shape, variegation color of leaf upper side, glowth vigor and size of leaf variegation represent a significant share, and weight was 0.2210, 0.1368, 0.1041 and 0.0880. By K-Means cluster method, 38 species and cultivars were then clustered into 3 grades: excellent, good, and general,and eventually 17 species and cultivars with excellent comprehensive characters (good shape, bright foliage color and strong glowth vigor) were picked out. The results show that the combination of analytic hierarchy process and cluster method can be used to appraise and classify ornamental foliage begonias. This study will provide a scientific and precise method for reasonable exploitation and application of ornamental foliage begonias germplasm resource.

  Effects of Fertilization Patterns on Lime Concretion Black Soil Aggregate Characteristics and Organic Carbon 2019, 35 (32):  64-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060054 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 1512KB )   ( 146 ) The influences of different long-term fertilization patterns on the lime concretion black soil aggregate composition and organic carbon distribution were studied, to provide scientific basis for eliminating bad attributes in soils and establishing rational fertilization system in this area. Based on long-term fertilization experiment in Yangliu village of Anhui province, soil samples were collected at different soil depths. The experiment included five treatments: non-fertilization (CK), application of single chemical fertilizer (NPK), application of single organic fertilizer (M), mixed application of organic and chemical fertilizer with the same amount of nitrogen (MNPK), mixed application of organic and chemical fertilizer with the larger amount of nitrogen (HMNPK). Grading the soil aggregate structure by dry sieving and wet sieving method, and total organic carbon in soils and organic carbon in different size aggregates were determined. The results showed that long term fertilizations significantly affected the distribution of different fractions size aggregates and their organic carbon contents. Organic fertilizer application increased the amount of size 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm macro-aggregate and < 0.25 mm micro-aggregate amounts at 0-10 cm soil layer. The water stable aggregates in the topsoil are mainly distributed in 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm and < 0.25 mm sizes, but fertilization had no significant effect on the contents of water-stable aggregates. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the total organic carbon contents in different soil layers, and the application of organic fertilizer was higher than that of single chemical fertilizer. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the organic carbon contents of aggregate in 1-0.5 mm and 0.5-0.25 mm dry sieves of surface soil, and the increase of HMNPK treatment was the highest. The application of organic fertilizer had a positive effect on increasing the content of organic carbon in soil water stable aggregates, especially on the increase of organic carbon contents of 1-0.5 mm, 0.5-0.25 mm and < 0.25 mm diameter water stable aggregates, both of which were the largest in M treatment. Under the condition of rotation of wheat-maize in lime concretion black soil area, long-term organic fertilizer application could increase the content of total organic carbon, middle aggregates amounts and its organic carbon contents, which was beneficial to improve soil physical properties and soil fertility.

  Planting Elsholtzia stauntonii Under Forest: Effects on Soil Nutrients 2019, 35 (32):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080048 Abstract + ( 408 )   PDF ( 1285KB )   ( 98 ) 【Objective】The aim of this study is to provide basis for utilizing Elsholtzia stauntonii and developing under-forestry economy by investigating the effects on soil fertility by planting Elsholtzia stauntonii under forest. 【Method】Planting Elsholtzia stauntonii in Dongdadi experimental base of Beijing University of Agriculture and Bamuyan village of Mentougou District where was planted apricot were used as experimental treatments and clean tillage was used as control to measure and analyze soil nutrient contents which was at layer of 0~20 cm. Then the soil fertility level of treatments would be evaluated synthetically which could provide scientific theory for ecological benefit of planting Elsholtzia stauntonii under forest.【Result】Results reflected that planting Elsholtzia stauntonii under forest could decrease the pH of the soil and relieve basicity of the soil. In addition,total nitrogen content and organic matter content in the soil where were planted Elsholtzia stauntonii under forest were higher than control group. Besides,Planting Elsholtzia stauntonii could improve the contents of elements which were necessary for plants such as ferrum,manganese,zinc and copper,therefore Planting Elsholtzia stauntonii could improve soil fertility to a certain extent.【Conclusion】Elsholtzia stauntonii which is planted under forest can improve ecological benefit of glade and be generalized and planted under forest of Beijing as a kind of native aromatic plant which is suitable for watching flower.

  Effect of Microbial Fertilizer on Buckwheat Growth and Soil Nutrients in Tibet: Under Different Nitrogen Applications 2019, 35 (32):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060085 Abstract + ( 387 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 138 ) To explore the effects of microbial fertilizer on growth, yield and soil nutrients of buckwheat under different nitrogen application. A field experiment was conducted with five treatments (A1 ~ A5) as follows: water the seed+90kgN/hm2, bacterial manure dress seeds and spraying+67.5kgN/hm2, bacterial manure dress seeds and spraying+45kgN/hm2, bacterial manure dress seeds and spraying+22.5kgN/hm2, bacterial manure dress seeds and spraying+0kgN/hm2. The physiological indexes and nutrient contents of buckwheat plants were measured. The results showed that: Treatment A3 had a highest yield as 158.4kg/mu, the increase extent was 14.45%; There was no significant difference on the yield and yield affecting factors between the treatments of biological fertilizer applicated and no biological fertilizer under different nitrogen application. The biological fertilizer seed treatment had obvious promotion and decomposition effect on the organic matter, the available phosphorus and the quick-acting potassium and the quick-acting nitrogen in the soil.

  Mechanical Compaction of Black Soil: Impact on Soil Structure and Sugar Beet Yield 2019, 35 (32):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070129 Abstract + ( 328 )   PDF ( 1339KB )   ( 58 ) Mechanical compaction of black soil is the destruction of soil structure caused by mechanized operations, which results in the decline of soil quality. We analyzed the indexes of soil void ratio, soil porosity degree ratio, soil air permeability, soil infiltration rate and so on through the comparative compaction test of agricultural machinery. The results indicated that: the change characteristics of soil compaction accumulation area showed that the soil void ratio and soil porosity degree ratio decreased, soil air permeability got worse, the soil infiltration rate of rainfall reduced with the increase of the number of mechanical compaction, the topsoil of 5-10 cm was the most influenced area and the inflection point was at 10 cm of plough layer, little effect was found on deep soil; soil compaction had a negative effect on the growth of sugar beet, compared with CK, the diameter and the length of beet root reduced by 6.67%-16.08%, 1.96%-17.65%, respectively, the root yield, the sugar content and the sugar yield decreased by 5.81%- 24.13% , 0.49- 0.81oZ, 4.73%- 27.03% , respectively. The yield and quality of sugar beet declined more significantly with more rolling times.

  Effects of Drip Irrigation on Soil Water and Salt Movement and Secondary Salinization in Semi-arid Areas: Research Progress 2019, 35 (32):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050128 Abstract + ( 801 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 132 ) Drip irrigation technology is one of the main ways to save water in agriculture at present. As a result of the strong surface evaporation in semi-arid regions, the risks of surface soil salinity accumulation and secondary salinization have been enlarged especially in calcareous soil regions. This paper reviewed the effects of irrigation practice, field management, and soil texture factors on soil water and salt transport as well as secondary salinization. In view of the development of water-saving irrigation in semi-arid area at present, we put forward some research directions that need to be further strengthened, such as the rule of soil water-salt migration under drip irrigation, the effect of soil salt accumulation, and the ways to prevent secondary salinization in order to provide theoretical references for agricultural water conservation and sustainable land use in semi-arid regions.

  Climate Suitability and Variation Characteristics of Human Settlement Environment in Dezhou 朱保美,周清,,,郭艳飞 and 王晓霏 2019, 35 (32):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110074 Abstract + ( 509 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 327 ) Based on the conventional meteorological data of temperatuer,wind-speed,relative humidity,sunlighr from 11 meteorological observation stations in Dezhou City from 1967 to 2017, the temperature humidity index (THI) , wind effect index(K),clothing index(ICL) and comprehensive comfort index were calculated and analyzed in detail. The linear trend approach was adopted to analyze the variation characteristics for each index over the recent 50 years. The results indicated that:(1) The period,within a year, for climate suitability at the comfortable level was longer than 7 months, and was about 5 months at the less comfortable level. April and October were the most comfortable months for climate-suitability of the year, and January was the most uncomfortable month of the year. (2) The monthly the temperature humidity index (THI) and wind effect index(K) showed a significant upward trend, while the clothing index showed a significant falling trend. The comprehensive comfort index showed an upward trend in winter and basically showed a downward trend in summer. (3) The year-round climate in Dezhou was relatively at the uncomfortable and comfortable levels. The climate in most years was at the more comfortable level. The climate of the city was at the comfortable and more comfortable levels in spring and autumn, which was at the less comfortable level in summer, and was at the less comfortable and uncomfortable levels in winter. As the climate warms, the comfort period in Dezhou was prolonged, showed a good climate suitability for human settlements.

  Fusarium avenaceum Infection: Effects on Physiological Indexes of Leaves and Roots of Naked Barley with Different Resistance 2019, 35 (32):  101-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080016 Abstract + ( 435 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 62 ) In order to determine the effect of Fusarium avenaceum infection on naked barley leaves and roots physiological characteristics, Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA contentand were tested in pot culture condition with an inoculation method. The results showed that the content of Pro in diseased leaves of resistant NQK-01-03 were higher than those in healthy ones, while soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA in diseased leaves were lower than healthy ones. And the content of Pro, soluble protein and MDA in diseased roots of resistant NQK-01-03 were higher than those in healthy ones, while soluble sugar in diseased roots were lower than healthy ones. Meanwhile, the content of Pro and MDA in diseased leaves and roots of susceptible GanQing Ⅱ were higher than those in healthy ones, while soluble sugar and soluble protein in diseased leaves and roots were lower than healthy ones. At the same time, the content of Pro in diseased leaves of susceptible GanQing Ⅱ were higher than those in healthy ones of resistant NQK-01-03, while soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA in diseased leaves of susceptible GanQing Ⅱ were lower than healthy ones of resistant NQK-01-03. And the content of Pro, MDA in diseased roots of susceptible GanQing Ⅱ were higher than those in healthy ones of resistant NQK-01-03, while soluble sugar and soluble protein in diseased roots of susceptible GanQing Ⅱ were lower than healthy ones of resistant NQK-01-03. There was a negative correlation between the content of Pro and resistance, and a positive correlation was found between soluble protein and resistance. This study provided theoretical basis on physiological mechanism of F. avenaceum infection naked barley leaves and roots.

  Interaction of Peanut and Southern Blight: A Review 2019, 35 (32):  108-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100011 Abstract + ( 475 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 82 ) To prevent and cure peanut southern stem rot better and speed up the process of disease resistance breeding,the research of interaction between peanut and southern stem rot needs to be enhanced.This article started with the pathogenesis of Sclerotium rolfsii firstly,expounded the genetic diversity, pathogenicity and virulence factor in details.Secondly,the control situation of peanut southern stem rot including the showing signs and agents filtering etc. had been analysed.Then the research of peanut’s breeding for southern stem rot resistance including method of vaccination and discovered resistance resources had been summarized.In the end we made an outlook,gave five suggests like finding out the truth of Sclerotium rolfsii or establishing the system of diseases control experts etc.,aiming at enhance the resistance to peanut southern stem rot in our country. We hoped that it would provide valuable reference for the researchers.

  Sensitivity of Diaporthe citri to Mancozeb, Prochloraz, Copper oxychloride, Azoxystrobin and Thiophanate-methyl in Zhejiang 2019, 35 (32):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070138 Abstract + ( 876 )   PDF ( 1540KB )   ( 217 ) The sensitivity to Mancozeb , Prochloraz , Copper oxychloride, Azoxystrobin and Thiophanate-methyl of 43 Diaporthe citri isolates from different regions in Zhejiang Province was tested by measuring mycelial growth rates. The results demonstrated that the average number of EC50 values all isolates to Mancozeb , Prochloraz , Copper oxychloride, Azoxystrobin Thiophanate-methyl were 4.0136±4.2897μg·mL-1 ,0.0851±0.0325μg·mL-1,179.2214±63.0787μg·mL-1,0.1519±0.3377μg·mL-1 and 0.6148±1.4194μg·mL-1, In addition, Sensitivities of each fungicide showed a normal distribution with Shapiro – Wilk Test，which was used as the sensitive baseline of D. citri to five fungicides.

  Densities Affect the Survival of Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) at Diverse Stages 2019, 35 (32):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080021 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 1417KB )   ( 314 ) In order to clarify the effects of different volume and density on survival of diverse stages and weight of adult of Coccinella septempunctata, the study of three volume (1000ml, 750ml, 500ml) and three density (25 heads, 35 heads, 45 heads) groups were executed under constant temperature (25±1℃), relative humidity (60-80) and a 10:14 (L:D) hours photoperiod. The results showed that the effect of different groups of density and volume on survival of young larvae was significantly higher than that of other diverse stages (P<0.05). The survival rates of 1-2nd instar, which groups of 500ml-25, 500ml-35 and 500ml-45 heads were significantly hower than the groups of 750ml-25, 750ml-35,750ml-45 and 1000ml-25 heads were 57.33%,48.57%,40.74% respectively, and the highest survival rate of group of volume and density was 750ml-35heads, 88.57%. The best combination of volume and density of survival rates of 3rd instar, 4th instar, pupa and adult were 93.33%, 94.49% , 92.38% and 97.78%, which of were 500ml-25, 1000ml-25, 750ml-35 and 750ml-35 heads, respectively. But there were no significant relations between best combinations and the other combinations In statistics (P>0.05). The weights of C.septempunctata adults under group of volume and density had no Significant regulations were found except that the 1000-25 and 1000ml-45 heads per box were significantly differences (P<0.05). In mass rearing, the survival rate of the larval stage of C.septempunctata is seriously affected by the density and the size of the container, such as the rearing condition of 500ml-25, 500ml-35 and 500ml-45 heads should be avoidedSespecially. These results provide same important theoretical basis for the establishment of large-scale feeding conditions of C.septempunctata.

  The Space-time Disparity and Optimal Distribution of Water Footprint of Pig Industry in Jilin Province 2019, 35 (32):  126-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100043 Abstract + ( 405 )   PDF ( 2021KB )   ( 113 ) Pig breeding is an important part of animal husbandry in Jilin Province, and its production and development have a great impact on water demand and water pollution. Water footprint is a water index which is different from the traditional one. It can not only calculate the water consumption of animal husbandry, but also measure the water pollution caused by animal husbandry. In order to study the impact of pig production and development on water resources and water environment in Jilin Province, the water footprint of pig production in 2000-2016 was quantified based on the water footprint theory and accounting method, and then the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of green water footprint, blue water footprint, grey water footprint and total water footprint were analyzed. The results showed that the total water footprint of pigs in Jilin Province decreased from 2000 to 2016, in which the green water footprint showed an upward trend, and the blue water footprint and grey water footprint showed a downward trend. The spatial distribution of green water footprint, blue water footprint, grey water footprint and total water footprint of pigs in counties of Jilin Province is the highest in the middle region and the lowest in the eastern region, with obvious regional differences. Therefore, the layout of pig breeding in Jilin Province should be optimized, which were to vigorously be developed in the middle region, to be controlled in the western region and to be appropriately increased in the eastern region.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Seed Germination of 15 Alfalfa Varieties 2019, 35 (32):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060088 Abstract + ( 522 )   PDF ( 1954KB )   ( 131 ) To reserch the effects of salt stress on the alfalfa in the germination,15 alfalfa varieties were carried out by NaCl stress at different concentrations, by comparing the germination potential, relative germination potential, germination rates, relative germination rates and the strength of roots, stems, and seedlings at different salt concentrations, the results showed: the most varieties (13/15) can keep higher germination abilities (89% or more); However, when the salt concentration reached 0.8%, the germination ability of each variety was quite different. At the same time, abnormal seedlings began to appear, which was the optimum starting point concentration for the identification on salt stress (NaCl ) during the germination period of alfalfa.The stronger the salt tolerance, the less proportions of abnormal seedlings appeared. The toxic effected more seriously with the salt concentration increasing,the more roots of germinating seedlings wre inactivated.Although the roots of the longer seedlings were inactivated, A few of seedlings can sprout new roots to increase the salt-tolerance of alfalfa germplasm resources. By clustering analysis, the results showed that the varieties with strong salt tolerance were: ‘Rock’, ‘Zhongmu NO.1’, ‘Longdong’, ‘Zhongmu NO.3’ and ‘DS310FY’.All of these provides theoretical support for the rapid screening, introdcing and cultivating of salty alfalfa varieties in saline-alkali areas.

  Southern Plastic Film Residue Recovery Machine: Design and Performance Test of Soil Film Separation 2019, 35 (32):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070044 Abstract + ( 355 )   PDF ( 1550KB )   ( 123 ) We designed a southern plastic film recovery machine aiming at the difficulty of separation of soil and film and meeting the agronomic requirements in southern area. Considering the working principle of the machine, we carried out the single factor test and multi-factor orthogonal test for three factors which affect the performance of film and soil separation, i.e. the lifting angle of pricking components, the moving speed of the machine and the elongation of used film. The results show that the lifting angle of the pricking components has a significant effect on the soil film separation performance of the used film recovery machine. When the lifting angle of the film pricking parts is 35 degrees, the moving speed of the machine is 5 km/h, and the elongation of used film is set to 30%, plastic film recovery rate is above 95% and the entrained soil quality is below 0.50 kg/m. This machine conforms to the operation conditions in southern area, overcomes the difficulty of separating used film from soil, and meets the requirements of residual film recovery.

  The Growth Dynamics of Fodder Beet of Different Genotypes 2019, 35 (32):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090130 Abstract + ( 375 )   PDF ( 1550KB )   ( 72 ) Dynamic studies on growth index, root yield and brix of five genotypes of feeding beet were carried out, and the grey correlation analysis was made on root yield and brix and eight main indexes to provide a theoretical basis for solving imbalance between livestock and grass, mechanization and large- scale development of feeding beet. The results showed that petiole thickness and yield were the dominant factors affecting brix, plant height and 100-plant weight of seedlings were the dominant factors affecting the yield of feeding beet, and leaf number as an important index of feeding beet affected not only the brix of roots, but also the yield of roots. Polyploid varieties were of great value in improving stress resistance and sugar content in roots of fodder beet at seedling stage. The comprehensive index of‘Feeding No.3’is outstanding, and its yield ranks first among the tested varieties (180518.40 kg/hm2), which has high promotional value.

  Fresh Corn Consumption by Beijing Urban Residents: Market Segmentation 刘瑞涵 2019, 35 (32):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070141 Abstract + ( 381 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 78 ) In this study, through the study of the relevant literature, in the grasp of a certain research methods and theoretical basis under the premise of the design of the questionnaire, the "urban residents in Beijing urban fresh consumption characteristics of consumption," one to one face to face interviews with consumers, access to The research data of the purchase and consumption of fresh corn in urban residents of Beijing were analyzed. The data of the survey were analyzed by descriptive statistics and cross analysis. The market segmentation was carried out according to the different purchase and consumption characteristics of fresh corn.The study shows that with the increase of education and income, consumers choose to increase the proportion of fresh edible corn in high-end restaurants and canteen, and the sensitivity to fresh corn prices is reduced. The places of outdoor consumption of fresh corn, Enterprises and institutions are mainly in the unit canteen, urban freelancers are mainly in the general restaurant, individual businessmen are mainly in the roadside temporary dining places, retirees and unemployed persons are mainly in the general restaurant and roadside places; with The increase in age, the consumption of fresh corn by the impact of the more obvious the degree of attention to the price gradually increased; men prefer to eat in high-end places when eating fresh corn, women prefer the convenience of the roadside consumption. When buying fresh corn, women are more likely to be affected by the season than men. According to the characteristics of consumers to buy and consume fresh corn, the fresh corn will be subdivided into two sub-markets: emotional motives sub-market and rational motive sub-market. Consumers of emotional motivational market, with the need to buy and emotional experience to buy the dominant features in the purchase and consumption of fresh corn, the more concerned about the psychological and material needs and other factors; rational motive sub-market consumers , With objectivity, thoroughness, control characteristics, in the purchase and consumption of fresh corn, the more concerned about the product attributes, the purchase environment, the cost of consumption and other factors;

  The Spread of Agricultural Science and Technology in the New Media Environment: Taking‘Agricultural Experts Online’as an Example 邬震坤,朱妍捷,陈莹,周丽丽 and 周伟平 2019, 35 (32):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090062 Abstract + ( 533 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 205 ) We aim to study the characteristics of new media communication, explore ways to rapidly and effectively popularizing agricultural science under the new media environment. Based on the practice of ‘Agricultural Expert Online’, the first official popularization science WeChat platform of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, through the statistics of the background data, we analyze the characteristics of agricultural science and technology dissemination and summarize the dissemination experiences. The cumulative net attention of‘Agricultural Expert Online’has a linear increase, and the proportion of users in Beijing is the highest (20.2%). The average graphic conversion rate of 72 periods of‘Agricultural Expert Online’ is 64.5%. From the perspective of article category, major hot events (126.5%), food nutrition (93.7%) and crop science (71.7%) have higher conversion rate. The practice has proved that novelty, closeness and the potential of the topic, the scientific and readable expression, and the eye-catching title have positive effects on the dissemination of agricultural science knowledge.