Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.33 Published:25 November 2019

  Yield Stability and Adaptability of New Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Southern Huanghuai Area 沈玮囡, and 2019, 35 (33):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110017 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 271 ) This study aims at providing a reference for the approval of new wheat varieties and marketing in the future. By using R language statistical model, the experimental results of wheat region in the Southern Huanghuai Area from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed, the stability and the adaptability of 17 wheat varieties were evaluated. The univariate parametric analysis showed that the CV value of‘Xinmai35’,‘Zhoumai36’, ‘Zhongyu1220’,‘Zhengmai103’and‘Fanyumai17’were smaller, which indicated that the static stability of these five varieties were better than that of the others. The Shukla variable coefficient of‘Xinmai35’, ‘Zhoumai18’, ‘Quanmai31’, ‘Zhengmai16’, ‘Zhoumai36’ and‘Zhengmai103’ were smaller, which suggested that the dynamic stability of these six varieties were better than that of the others. The Pi value of ‘Xinmai35’,‘Zhengmai103’,‘Zhoumai36’,‘Zhengmai16’ and‘Hefeng No.3’ were smaller, which indicated that these varieties had high yield, good stability among locations, and strong adaptability. The adaptability and stability of‘Xinmai35’,‘Zhengmai103’and‘Zhoumai36’were better in each location, and were suitable for planting in the Southern Huanghuai Area.

  The Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Levels on Maize Yield and the Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen Under Straw Deep Burial 王晓军,李华芝,徐 欣,高洪生 and 2019, 35 (33):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500219 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 221 ) To explore the effects of different nitrogen levels on maize yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization under the condition of straw deep burial, the maize yield, seed nitrogen accumulation, and nitrogen use efficiency were determined with maize taken as the research subject, straw burial (no straw, straw deep burial) set as main factors and nitrogen application levels (no, low, medium and high nitrogen) set as vice factors. The results showed that compared to no straw, straw deep burial could increase yield, with increasing rates between 4.61%-9.88%. There were significant differences between yields of different nitrogen application levels under straw deep burial (P<0.05). Maize seed nitrogen accumulation increased as nitrogen application increasing, and the correlation between them was extremely significant positive (P<0.01). When the nitrogen application level was high, the seed nitrogen accumulation of straw deep burial was higher than that of no straw. Agronomic utilization of nitrogen fertilizer increased as nitrogen application increasing, while nitrogen partial factor productivity decreased as nitrogen application increasing. When the nitrogen application level was high, the agronomic utilization of nitrogen fertilizer under straw deep burial was highest, which was 14.61 kg/kg. Straw deep burial could increase nitrogen partial factor productivity. In conclusion, it is better to increase nitrogen fertilizer properly under straw deep burial in practice.

  Yielding Ability and Stability and Application Prospect of New Maize Varieties in Southern Huanghuaihai Area 2019, 35 (33):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070011 Abstract + ( 616 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 153 ) Multi-year and multi-location variety test need to be conducted for new corn varieties of preliminary promising applications so that their yield potential, stability and adaption can be evaluated. With 7 corn varieties in South of Huanghuaihai area, the screening experiments were carried out in 6 different typical ecotype locations in 2016-2018. The results showed that the effects of environment and genotype×environment on yield were significant. The comprehensive evaluation showed that the variety Sushi51417 had high and stable yield; the variety Suyu41 and Jindafeng1906 had stable yield and it had a better field performance. These varieties could be extensively applied for corn production in Jiangsu Province.

  Combining Ability and Hereditary Effect of Ear-related Characters in Maize 2019, 35 (33):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600256 Abstract + ( 529 )   PDF ( 1147KB )   ( 288 ) In order to clarify the combining ability and genetic effects of ear-related traits in maize, according to NC II genetic mating design, 9 traits of 20 maize inbred lines (9 female parents and 11 male parents) were analyzed.of the general combining ability(GCA), special combining ability(SCA), the broad-sense heritability(h2b) and the narrow-sense heritability(h2n) .The results showed that five inbred lines, namely JZF5, JZF2, JZM10, JZM5 and JZM3, were beneficial significant or extremely significant in GCA of multiple traits. The top 5 hybrid combinations of SCA in kernel weight were JZF5*JZM4, JZF2*JZM1, JZF8*JZM5, JZF6*JZM5, JZF7*JZM5, one of their parents had a very significant positive GCA for grain weight, suggesting that both GCA and SCA effects should be taken into account in hybrid combinations. The additive genetic variance of ear length, bald tip length, grain number per row, row number and water content accounted for more than 70%, and kernel weight accounted for 35.7%, which was mainly composed of non-additive genetic variance. For the h2b, water content > bald tip length > row number > ear length > kernel weight > grain number per row > cob weight > ear width > 100-grain weight, in which bare tip length and row number is more than 60%, and water content is more than 70%. For the h2n, bald tip length > water content > ear row number > ear length > grain number per row> cob weight > ear width > 100-grain weight >kernel weigh, the h2n of bald tip length, water content and ear row number is more than 50%, suitable for early generation selection; the lowest h2n of100-grain weight and kernel weight, 22.8% and 19.7% respectively, which was not suitable for selection in early generations. In this study, some traits of the subjects deviation to male parents,which suggested more attention should be paid to the important effects of male parents on ear-related traits of maize hybrids.

  New Soybean Variety‘Henong 72’with High Oil Content and High Yield: Breeding 2019, 35 (33):  25-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500080 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 135 ) To breed new soybean varieties with high oil content and high yield, enhance the production advantage and market competitiveness of oil extraction soybean, a new high oil content and high yield soybean variety‘Henong72’was bred by analyzing parental genealogy and kinship, genes and character inheritance and the parental using effects, to select excellent parents, arrange hybrid combination, establish selection population and to optimize design of breeding technology and detection. This soybean variety was validated and promoted by Heilongjiang Provincial Crop Committee in 2018. The oil content is 23.42%. The average yield of regional trial is 3099.1 kg/hm2, 13.0% higher than that of the control variety‘Henong51’. The growth period is 115 days approximately and the active accumulated temperature ≥10℃ is 2300℃. The variety is suitable for planting in the mid- early maturing producing area of northern spring soybean, and has medium disease resistance to gray spot.

  Fertilizer Requirement and Fertilizer Absorption Characteristics of Dry-Farming ‘Jin Nuo 4’Sorghum 2019, 35 (33):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030011 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 411 ) To provide technical support for the promotion of the new variety“Jin Nuo 4”, the maximum amount of fertilizer required was studied using the "311-a" quadratic regression optimal design method and the characteristics of fertilizer absorption was studied using the method of indoor testing plant nutrient content on this experiment. The results showed that the fertilizer requirement for the highest yield of “Jin Nuo 4”sorghum in dry farming was174.99 kg/hm2 of pure N, 96.43 kg/hm2of P2O5 and 165.68 kg/hm2of K2O. The absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by “Jin Nuo 4”was as shown follows: nitrogen absorption 27.34kg /hm2, phosphorus absorption 1.8kg /hm2, potassium absorption 17.12kg /hm2 before 10 leaves were opened. Nitrogen absorption 191.0kg /hm2, phosphorus absorption 16.1kg /hm2, potassium absorption 185.6kg /hm2 during 11~20 extended leaf periods. Nitrogen absorption 36.08 kg/hm2, phosphorus absorption 7.93 kg/hm2 and potassium absorption 14.55 kg/hm2 during the 20 open leaves to the mature stage. Conclusion: the maximum fertilizer requirements of “Jin Nuo 4” sorghum were pure N 174.99 kg/hm2, P2O5 96.43 kg/hm2 and K2O 165.68 kg/hm2. the amount of nitrogen absorption was the most, followed by potassium, and phosphorus was the least during the whole growth period.

  Effects on Agronomic Characters and Lodging Resistance of Foxtail Millet by Spraying Paclobutrazol 柳青山,白文斌,郭平毅,张伟,,范昕琪,王海燕 and 李志华 2019, 35 (33):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060097 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 1393KB )   ( 99 ) Lodging is one of the constraints to the integrated production target of high yield, good quality, high efficiency for foxtail?millet (Setaria italica L.). In order to study the effect of Paclobutrazol on lodging resistance of foxtail?millet, ‘Jingu 21’ and ‘Zhangza 5’ were used as materials. The experiment was conducted as a randomized block design. Four concentrations (150, 300, 600, 1200 mg/L) of Paclobutrazol were applied on foxtail millet at the seedling stage, with distilled water as control. The culm mechanical strength and yield were determined at the harvest time. The?results showed that plant height, internode number and internode length decreased with increasing Paclobutrazol concentrations, whereas culm diameter, culm wall thickness and lodging resistance increased. Compared with the control, ‘Jingu 21’ and ‘Zhangza 5’ treated with 300 mg/L Paclobutrazol, plant height decreased by 14.12% and 22.10%, internode number decreased by 1.2 and 0.8, internode length of N3 decreased 1.70 and 2.20 cm , culm diameter increased 0.61 and 0.44 mm, culm wall thickness increased 0.64 mm and 0.29 mm, lodging resistance increased 24.79% and 47.55%, yield increased by 1.12 and 1.12 kg/hm2, respectively. In conclusion, treatment with Paclobutrazol 300mg/L at the seedling stage is benefit for forming the plant type with short and thick basal internodes, large wall thickness, culm plumpness status and strong lodging resistance, thus enhance yield.

  Preliminary Report on Contrast Experiment of New Potato Varieties in Nanchang County of Jiangxi Province 2019, 35 (33):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070013 Abstract + ( 337 )   PDF ( 1067KB )   ( 149 ) In order to select the potato varieties suitable for the ecological environment in the Chang-nan area, Jiangxi Modern agricultural Research Collaborative innovation special "potato crop new variety technology research integration and demonstration" Special topic group introduced the potato variety 11 in Jiangxi Province sericulture Tea Research Institute to carry out the experiment.A comparative test of potato varieties was conducted in the spring of 2018. Phenological periods , plant trait , tuber traits , disease resistance and yield were also investigation and study. The results show that the early maturing variety were better with Zhongshu 5 (2403kg/667 m2), and Xingjia 2 (2365.29 kg/667 m2)was the best among the middle late maturing varieties. The color varieties were better with those of Huacai 1 and NFJ5. Which are recommended for using in demonstration trials in the future.

  Different Exogenous Hormones in the Process of Callus Induction: Effects on the Browning Rate of Oil Palm Leaf 2019, 35 (33):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070015 Abstract + ( 559 )   PDF ( 1571KB )   ( 110 ) The paper aims to study the influence of different plant hormones on the browning rate of explants during the tissue culture process of mature oil palm leaves. Taking the mature oil palm leaves as the explants, we treated them with different hormones as 2,4-D, NAA, IBA, IAA, KT, TDZ and 6-BA, to analyze the browning rate of oil palm leaves under induction. The results showed that: (1) the 6-BA and IBA had the highest browning rate for mature leaves than other kinds of plant hormones, and the browning rate was 66.98% and 65.35%, respectively; (2) the browning rate of mature leaves treated with KT was significantly lower than that treated with 6-BA, IBA and TDZ; (3) the browning rate of mature leaves treated with 2,4-D, NAA, IAA had no significant differences. It is suggested that KT should be given priority under the condition of similar callus induction rate.

  Comparative Analysis of Volatiles in Different Types of Tobacco Leaves Zhang Siqi,He Jia,He Wenjun,Zhang Jinghua,Zhou Fang,Duan Duwei and Yang Tiezhao 2019, 35 (33):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060074 Abstract + ( 601 )   PDF ( 1136KB )   ( 174 ) To explore the differences of leaf volatile constituents and the sources of aromatic characteristics in different types of tobacco leaves, Tenax-TA was used to adsorb volatiles in different types of tobacco leaves by the dynamic headspace procedure. The components and contents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that there were differences in the volatile components and contents of different types of tobacco leaves. A total of 51 volatiles were detected in‘Yuyan 11’, 50 volatiles were detected in‘8306’, 48 volatiles were detected in‘Yunyan 87’, 44 volatiles were detected in‘Yueyan 98’, and 43 volatiles were detected in‘K326’. A total of 34 volatiles were detected in the sun-cured tobacco, and 25 volatiles were detected in the oriental tobacco. Among them, 17 unique compounds were identified in the flue-cured tobacco, six unique compounds were identified in the sun-cured tobacco, and 4 unique compounds were identified in the oriental tobacco. The conclusion reveals that the discovery of these compounds is closely related to the aromatic characteristics of different types of tobacco.

  Evaluation of Exploitation Value of Forest Vegetables Resources in Dapanshan Natural Reserve, Zhejiang Based on AHP Method 2019, 35 (33):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070051 Abstract + ( 481 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 109 ) In order to solve the problem that forest vegetables resources lack comprehensive and systematic quantitative evaluation to support species selection for exploitation, Analytic Hierarchy Process was adopted to construct evaluation model for exploitation value of forest vegetables resources, and 40 species of common forest vegetables in Dapanshan Reserve, Zhejiang were appraised and ranked. [Result]The results showed: exploitation value of forest vegetables resources was successively affected by taste flavor (0.184), domestication technology (0.148), nutrient composition (0.104) and picking period (0.104), adaptation ability (0.088), utilization situation (0.074) and resource gross (0.074), health value (0.057) and poisoning risk (0.057), propagation characteristics (0.049), edible part (0.033), life form (0.027). 7 forest vegetables species including Capsella bursa-pastoris, Aster indicus, Vicia kulingiana, Aralia echinocaulis were assessed as Grade I which should be the prior species to exploit. 8 forest vegetables species including Zanthoxylum myriacanthum, Sabia japonica, Cuscuta japonica, Rosa multiflora were assessed as Grade IV which were not suitable for exploitation at the present. [Conclusion]However, the research provided scientific and effective guidance for forest vegetables resources exploitation.

  Controlled Release Nitrogen and Potassium Fertilizers and Their Combined Application: Effects on Growth Characteristics of Garlic and Changes of Soil Nutrients 范仲卿,郭新送,于晓东,李巧玉,宋挚,丁方军, and 马学文 2019, 35 (33):  64-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500124 Abstract + ( 401 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 265 ) The aim is to study the effects of controlled-release nitrogen and potassium fertilizers and their combined application on the growth characteristics of garlic and soil nutrient changes. The experiment was designed as a randomized block test, which contained conventional treatment, nitrogen control treatment, potassium control treatment, nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment and 16.7% reduction of nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment. Results showed that the yield and quality of garlic was significantly improved by using controlled-release fertilizer, and the economic benefit of nitrogen and potassium doublecontro treatment was the best, followed by reduction of nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment, and there was no significant difference between only nitrogen and potassium control treatment. The physiological indexes of garlic were as follows: controlled release fertilizer inhibited root development at seedling stage, while increased root activity after flower bud and clove differentiation stage. The ability to improve root activity as following: nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment > reduced nitrogen and potassium double-control treatment > nitrogen control treatment > potassium control treatment > conventional treatment. The content of chlorophyll was reduced at seedling stage, while increased after flower bud and clove differentiation stage by nitrogen control treatment. Besides, the content of chlorophyll after flower bud and clove differentiation stage showed that the double-control treatment was better than single control, and the effect of nitrogen control was better than that of potassium control. The use of controlled release fertilizer could significantly increase the soil nutrient content after crop harvesting, and the total effect was better than the reduction. It is concluded that, controlled- release fertilizers have high economic value and environmental benefit in garlic production. Comprehensive assessment of the input and output show that 16.7% reduction of nitrogen and potassium is the best input treatment.

  Substrates Affect the Growth and Fruit Quality of‘Sweet Charlie’Strawberry 2019, 35 (33):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070024 Abstract + ( 410 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 163 ) To select suitable cultivation medium for‘Sweet Charlie’strawberry soilless culture under south sub-tropical climate, we studied the effect of six cultivation substrates on the growth and fruit quality of the strawberry. The results showed no significant difference of A (turf: vermiculite: pearlite: sand=7:1:1:1), B (turf: coco coir: vermiculite: pearlite: sand=5:2:1:1:1), C (turf: coco coir: vermiculite: pearlite: sand=(3.5:3.5:1:1:1) and CK on fruit quality and output, and they all performed well. The plant height, petiole length, petiole roughness and leaf area of A, B and C treatment were higher than those of CK. So, A, B and C could be used as the substrates of soilless culture to reduce the production cost.

  Agricultural Environment: Comparison of Evaluation Methods Between China and the EU 冀宏杰,孙兆凯 and 岳现录 2019, 35 (33):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070020 Abstract + ( 327 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 111 ) With the increase of the population and agro- chemicals’input, agricultural environmental protection has received growing attention in the world, the establishment of agricultural environment evaluation methods has become an important tool to assess agricultural environment change. To better establish China’s agricultural environment evaluation method system for measuring the changes of agricultural environment at different regional scales, we compared the research results of agricultural environment evaluation between China and the EU from the aspects of criteria selection, theory of evaluation index and index system composition, and evaluation models. The results show that: China has made great achievements in the research of agricultural environment evaluation, but still needs to go ahead in the fields of setting unified national principles and indicators for the selection of agricultural environment indexes, establishing agricultural environmental database, and constructing agricultural environmental index assessment model. Therefore, indepth scientific research should be carried out to provide services for evaluating the agricultural environment quality change and the application effects of agricultural environmental policies in China.

  Analysis and Evaluation of the Vegetation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Chongqing Section) 2019, 35 (33):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080010 Abstract + ( 521 )   PDF ( 1853KB )   ( 93 ) To analyze the vegetation cover and vegetation environment along the Yangtze River (Chongqing section), 16 days normalized vegetation index product of MODIS level 3 MOD13A1 from 2000 to 2015 was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and changing trend of vegetation index of 22 districts and counties along the Yangtze River in Chongqing. The results were shown as following. (1) After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, the ecological vegetation and the vegetation environment along the Yangtze River showed a good trend, and improved more obvious especially in the eastern area of the Yangtze River. (2)The vegetation cover and the vegetation environment were better farther away from the river. From administrative divisions, the ecological environment of vegetation in the eastern region was best, followed by the central region, then the western region and the main urban. And the area (region) where vegetation was better, the average height was larger. (3) After the impoundment of 175m, the vegetation index in the Yangtze River and 250m area away from the river was obviously lower than that before the impoundment (2000-2003) in spring, while was obviously bigger in autumn, was increase or decrease in summer and winter. Far from the Yangtze River, the vegetation index shown an increasing trend in spring, autumn and winter, and was decreasing in summer. In summer, the whole river channel is in the rainy season and rainfall will be more，so for a long time, the river will be in the process of flood peak or high water level that the flooded area of the river will be enlarged. After the Three Gorges water storage, the clouds such as thin clouds and broken clouds increased. Those leaded to vegetation index was decreasing although in the discharge stage during the summer half year. In the winter half year, there will be no high water level in the river, and the bare soil in the river will increase, which is suitable for vegetation growth. Although in the water storage stage, the vegetation index still will have an increasing trend.

  Soil Enzyme Activity in Wetland Under the Background of Climate Change: Research Progress 2019, 35 (33):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600293 Abstract + ( 482 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 136 ) In order to understand and evaluate the dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in wetland under the background of climate change. We reviewed the role of soil enzymes in wetland ecosystem and their spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, and discussed the effects of temperature rise, precipitation change, greenhouse gas emissions increase, and nitrogen nutrient environment change on soil enzyme activities. Based on this, it is concluded that soil enzymes play an important and complex role in wetland ecosystem; climate change significantly affects soil enzyme activities, and further affects the cycling process of carbon and nitrogen in wetland soil.

  Terrestrial Formation Time and Sedimentary Environments: Effects on the Formation of Stagnic Anthrosols in Ningshao Plain 2019, 35 (33):  98-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070001 Abstract + ( 464 )   PDF ( 1223KB )   ( 83 ) To understand the spatial distribution patterns of Stagnic Anthrosols in the low plain areas, the effects of terrestrial formation time and sedimentary environments on the characteristics and profile development of the soils was studied in the Ningshao plain as a case. The field survey showed that,based on the difference in terrestrial formation time and genesis of sediment, the Ningshao plain could be divided into four kinds of sedimentary environments, such as modern shallow marine sedimentary area, low-lying lake marshland area, paleo-continental facies sedimentary area and paleo-lake bank alluvium-lacustrine sedimentary area. Correspondingly, the types and properties of the Stagnic Anthrosols were also quite different. Types of the soils in modern shallow marine sedimentary area were mainly of typic haply-Stagnic Anthrosols, and their properties were related to the reclamation time of the tidal flat. Those in low-lying lake marshland area were mainly of typic gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols and endogleyic haply-Stagnic Anthrosols, and their properties were mainly related to the distance from the center of the ancient lake and marshland. Typic Fe-accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols was a main soil in the paleo-continental facies sedimentary area, Fe-accumulic gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols were also distributed in some of the area because of the stagnant water in the upper part of soil profiles. Common types of the soils in paleo-lake bank alluvium-lacustrine sedimentary area were typic Fe-accumuli-Stagnic Anthrosols or/and typic hapli-Stagnic Anthrosols. The study indicated that identification of the sedimentary environment was helpful for identification of groups and subgroups of Stagnic Anthrosols in low plain areas.

  Profile Differentiation of DTPA-extractable Copper and Zinc in Greenhouse Vegetable Soil with Different Plantation Ages 2019, 35 (33):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060039 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 1130KB )   ( 75 ) Based on the greenhouse vegetable production base located in Damingtun Township, Xinming City, Liaoning Province, we selected upland and vegetable greenhouses of 2, 5, 10 and 15 years, respectively, collected samples from eight soil layers at the depth of 0-150 cm, and determined DTPA-extractable soil Cu and Zn and related chemical variables, and examined profile distribution of soil Cu and Zn and its leading affecting factors. Results showed that both DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn existed profile differentiation and accumulated in the surface layers, with the concentration greater in 0-60 cm layer than that in layers below 60 cm. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and electric conductivity (EC) had positive effect on DTPA-extractable soil Cu and Zn, while pH value had negative effect on DTPA-extractable Cu and Zn concentration. The leading factor that affected profile Zn distribution was SOC, and factors that affected profile Zn/Cu were EC, SOC and pH value. Furthermore, DTPA- Cu and Zn concentrations were positively and significantly correlated with total N and available N, P and K, indicating a synchronous increase in soil available nutrients induced by heavy application of both chemical and organic fertilizer under greenhouse vegetable cultivation. The results obtained are expected to provide data support for nutrient management of greenhouse soil.

  Soil Phosphorus in Facility Vegetable Field: Accumulation Characteristics and Risk Control Methods 2019, 35 (33):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060096 Abstract + ( 546 )   PDF ( 1162KB )   ( 118 ) The paper aims to study the accumulation characteristics of phosphorus and its risk control methods in facility vegetable fields. By summarizing the researches on the soil phosphorus accumulation and loss in facility vegetable fields nearly 20 years at home and abroad, it was found that: due to the excessive input of phosphorus in facility vegetable fields in China, the phosphorus accumulation in the surface soil was excessive, and the available phosphorus content was much greater than the phosphorus loss environment inflection point value (50-80 mg/kg). From the phosphorus loss pathway, we discussed the effects of source control technique (controlling the amount of P fertilizer input, improving application method of P fertilizer), process control technique (optimizing planting systems, using phosphorus chelating agents), end control technique (hedgerow interception), economic and legislation strategies on controlling phosphorus loss; and studied some problems in the field, pointed out we should strengthen the use and management of organic fertilizer and the risk assessment of phosphorus in environmental key areas in the future.

  Irrigation with Magnetized Water: Effects on Soil Quality of Protected Field and Quality of Capsicum frutescens 孟诗原,张瑛,张志浩,毕思圣,孔令刚,刘冠义,刘天英,宋承东,王华田 and 刘秀梅 2019, 35 (33):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070009 Abstract + ( 529 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 308 ) To slow down the secondary salinization of protected cultivation soil and improve the soil quality, we carried out long- term irrigation of magnetized water in protected cultivation soil, set up 2 treatments (magnetized and non-magnetized water irrigation) by field tests, and determined the physiochemical property of 0-15 cm layer and the quality of Capsicum frutescens. The results showed that: (1) the contents of vitamin C, anthocyanin, reducing sugar and soluble sugar increased by 1.76% to 46.85%, whereas the content of organic acid decreased under the magnetization treatment (MT) compared with that under the non- magnetization treatment (NMT); (2) the magnetization treatment increased the content of Fe, Cu, N and P in the leaves, which was higher than that of the fruits, while the content of Mn and Zn was lower in leaves than that in fruits; (3) the MT reduced the total content of N, P, Mn and Zn by 2.04%-20.61%, increased the total content of Fe and Cu by 4.64%-6.48%; decreased the ion exchange amount of K, Na and Ca by 2.15%-4.95%, whereas increased the ion exchange amounts of Mg; compared with those of NMT, the available content of nitrat, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and organic matter were improved by 17.64- 113.39% under MT; (4) MT increased the activities of urease, sucrose enzyme, phosphatase and catalase by 0.27%-24.75%; (5) the soil bulk weight decreased and the porosity increased under MT, the content of clay and powder increased, but the content of sand decreased. In conclusion, the irrigation with magnetized water is benefit for improving the soil physiochemical properties and promoting the quality of fresh pepper fruits.

  Summer Strong Precipitation in Pukou, Nanjing: Characteristics and Influence Factors 2019, 35 (33):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060048 Abstract + ( 511 )   PDF ( 1433KB )   ( 141 ) The paper aims to provide support for the agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation, and for the fine forecast and early warning. Based on the data of diverse strong precipitation in summer (May to September) in Pukou during 1981-2017, we analyzed the characteristics of strong precipitation from time and amounts by adopting the methods of trend analysis, mutation test and the periodic analysis. The results showed that: (1) early and mid of July were peak period of continuous rainstorm and heavy rainstorm, the frequency of heavy rainstorm with 100- 150 mm was the highest and the heavy rainstorm had no obvious mutation in summer, but a remarkable 6-year cycle; (2) strong precipitation which reached the level of rainstorm earlywarning often started at the midnight and obviously became weakened in the afternoon; the strong precipitation duration was about 12 hours; the short-time precipitation always happened around the afternoon or in the dusk; (3) 40% of the warning signals and over half of the strong precipitation happened in 2008-2017, however, there was no obvious increase of the maximum precipitation per hour; (4) 39% of the strong precipitation reached the level of orange early- warning, but only one reached red early- warning. The main causes that the strong precipitation intensity in Pukou is stronger than that in urban Nanjing are the location and the natural environment.

  Acute Toxicity of Nano-TiO2 and Nano-ZnO on Paramecium caudatum: A Comparative Study 2019, 35 (33):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010035 Abstract + ( 489 )   PDF ( 1711KB )   ( 246 ) The objectives are to explore the toxic effect and mechanism of nanomaterials, and provide a basis for environmental toxicity monitoring and evaluation of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2) and nano zinc oxide (ZnO). Protozoa Paramecium caudatum was took as an experimental object, and the acute toxicity experiment method was used to test the 24 h half effect concentration (EC50) and the 24 h lowest effect concentration (LOEC) of TiO2 and ZnO. Under EC50 concentration stress of Paramecium caudatum for 24 h, the activity changes of the three kinds of antioxidant enzymes were compared, the morphology of the two kinds of nanomaterials was observed by SEM. The biotoxicity mechanisms of the two nanomaterials were analyzed. The results showed that the 24 h-EC50 was 51.580 mg/L(TiO2) and 0.444 mg/L (ZnO), respectively, and the lowest effect concentration (24 h-LOEC) was 1.712 mg/L(TiO2) and 0.352 mg/L(ZnO), respectively. The changes of antioxidant enzyme activities were as follows: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities changed to different degrees compared with the control group. The difference significance analysis indicated that the two kinds of nanomaterials showed a more obvious inhibition on POD enzymes of Paramecium. These results suggest that the 24 h-acute toxicity of nano-ZnO on Paramecium is greater than that of nano-TiO2, and the toxicity of nanomaterials to Paramecium caudatum is related to its inhibitory effect on antioxidant enzymes.

  Mixed Silage of Forage Ramie and Maize Silage with Different Proportions 2019, 35 (33):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050151 Abstract + ( 434 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 93 ) The paper aims to investigate the suitable mixing ratio of forage maize and forage ramie in silage production. We made the mixed silage of forage maize and ramie with ratio of 100:0 (CON), 90:10 (R10), 80: 20 (R20) and 60:40 (R40) for 45 days, and then measured the sensory evaluation and quality analysis of the samples. The results showed that: the odor rating of the mixed silage decreased, but the comprehensive sensory evaluation of all treatments was excellent with the increasing proportion of forage ramie; the pH value, crude protein (CP) and ash contents of the ramie additive groups were significantly higher than that of CON (P<0.05), but the gross energy (GE) significantly decreased (P<0.05); the dry matter intake of R20 and R40 was higher than that of CON (P>0.05); and the mixed treatment had no significant effect on relative forage value (RFV), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and net energy (NE1) (P>0.05). Under the condition of the experiment, we suggest that the suitable proportion of forage ramie should be 20%- 40%.

  Reuse of Tea Residue Resources: A Review 2019, 35 (33):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060083 Abstract + ( 507 )   PDF ( 1142KB )   ( 393 ) The paper aims to explore the reuse of tea residues. We reviewed the researches on the reuse of tea residues in recent years at home and abroad, found that the reuse of tea residues tended to be saturated in industrial and agricultural fields, but there was little research in the field of animal husbandry, and the research direction could be adjusted to animal husbandry in the future. We briefly summarized the sources and compositions of tea residues, and then elaborated the applications of tea residues in 3 fields of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry, focusing on the researches of tea residues as animal feed in animal husbandry; finally, based on the existing researches on tea residues, we put forward the prospects of applying Wanglaoji tea residues as ruminant animal feed to provide a reference for the development and utilization of Wanglaoji tea residues in the future.

  Effects of Chicken Manure Solution with Different Concentrations on Photosynthetic Bacteria Growth 王立新 2019, 35 (33):  146-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060089 Abstract + ( 566 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 122 ) The aim is to explore whether photosynthetic bacteria can grow in chicken manure solution and the optimum chicken manure concentration for the bacteria growth. Firstly, chicken manure was processed into suitable solution, then the photosynthetic bacteria were cultured in different-concentration media which were prepared according to the isomorphism method. The test data were checked by various methods. According to the data of the first seven days, when the medium concentration was 18% and 20%, the photosynthetic bacteria concentration was 8.2×109/mL and 7.8×109/mL, respectively, and the difference was not significant. They were significantly higher than that of 16% group, and extremely higher than that of the control group and 10%, 12%, 14%, 20%, 22% and 24% group. The colony size in 18% group and 20% group was also slightly larger than that of other groups. To sum up, photosynthetic bacteria can grow in the treated chicken manure solution, and the most suitable concentrations of chicken manure solution are about 18% and 20%.

  Winter Wheat Early Identification Based on HY-1C/CZI Data 2019, 35 (33):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600232 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 3281KB )   ( 106 ) To fully explore the agricultural application potential of HY-1C/CZI data, we analyzed the spectral signatures of 5 different ground objects of early sowing winter wheat, late sowing winter wheat, bare land and buildings, forests, and water in Shangqiu, Henan and its adjacent area, by taking HY-1C/CZI data as basic data source, combining with land utilization status data and visual interpretation data; and extracted the winter wheat area based on the decision tree classification method on the basis of spectral analysis. The extraction results ofwinterwheatareashowedthat:thetotalsowingareaofwinterwheatinthestudyareain 2018was69.42×104 hm2; the accuracy of extraction result was verified with the ground validation points obtained by visual interpretation, indicating that the overall accuracy of winter wheat extraction result was 91.80%, with Kappa coefficient of 0.84, and the user accuracy and the mapping accuracy of winter wheat were 91.88% and 92.91%, respectively. Data based on HY-1C/CZI is capable to identify and extract the winter wheat at an early age with a comparative extraction accuracy as other similar data sources, indicating that HY-1C/CZI data has certain agricultural application potential.

  Platform for Remote Sensing Monitoring of Crops in Shandong 2019, 35 (33):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060114 Abstract + ( 348 )   PDF ( 1874KB )   ( 177 ) The accurate and timely information of agricultural condition is essential for policy making and agricultural production management. The remote sensing technology plays an increasingly important role in agricultural resource investigation, crop monitoring and disaster warning in Shandong, a professional platform for remote sensing monitoring of crops should to be established to provide service for agricultural production management. Using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing (RS) and network technology, the basic design concept, design framework, main contents and overall deployment of the platform for remote sensing monitoring of crops were described based on MapGIS. The crop monitoring system could provide area monitoring, growth monitoring, yield monitoring and disaster monitoring of main crops, and services for special monitoring products of crops for the public.