Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.34 Published:09 December 2019

  Effects of Phosphorus Management on Yield, Growth and Soil Phosphorus Balance of Under-film Drip Irrigated Maize in Semi-arid Region of Jilin 2019, 35 (34):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010083 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 579 ) To solve the problem of large application amount and low use efficiency of phosphorus fertilizer in semi-arid areas of Jilin Province, the effects of different phosphorus fertilizer application levels on growth, yield and soil phosphorus balance of under-film drip irrigated maize were studied, aiming to provide references for the efficient use of phosphate fertilizer under this model. Field experiments were conducted in semi-arid region in 2014 to 2015, five phosphorus fertilizer levels of 0, 40, 70, 100 and 130 kg/hm2 were tested, the phosphate fertilizer was topdressed with drip irrigation in jointing stage, big bell stage, silking stage and milking stage. The shoot dry matter accumulation, phosphorus nutrition, yield, and phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency were measured. The results indicated that phosphorus fertilizer application increased maize yield significantly. In the 0-100 kg/hm2 range, maize yield increased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate, when the phosphorus fertilizer rate was 130 kg/hm2, the maize yield began to decrease. The relationship between maize yield and phosphorus fertilizer rate was obtained by using the linear and platform model, the best phosphorus fertilizer rate for the highest yield in 2014 and 2015 was 78.51 and 77.84 kg/hm2, respectively, and the average of the two years was 78.18 kg/hm2. The phosphorus fertilizer application increased the maize dry matter accumulation and phosphorus uptake significantly, and the dry matter accumulation and phosphorus uptake first increased and then decreased with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate. There were different degrees of phosphorus surplus with phosphorus fertilizer application treatment in soil every year, according to regression analysis, there was a significant linear positive correlation, the phosphorus fertilizer rate obtained in 2014and2015was89.03kg/hm2 and62.20kg/hm2,respectively,andtheaverageofthetwoyearswas 75.61kg/hm2, which kept the soil phosphorus balance. Thus, the effect of phosphorus fertilizer application on phosphorus utilization efficiency is significant; the productivity of phosphorus fertilizer and agricultural efficiency decrease significantly with the increase of phosphorus fertilizer rate, the recovery efficiency of P100 has no significant difference with P40 treatment, but is significantly higher than that of other treatments. Comprehensive consideration of maize yield, dry matter accumulation, phosphorus fertilizer utilization efficiency and soil phosphorus apparent balance, the best phosphorus fertilizer rate of under-film drip irrigation is in the range of 75.61-78.18 kg/hm2 in semi-arid region of Jilin Province, which could increase the yield, keep soil phosphorus apparent balance, and ensure the efficient utilization of phosphorus fertilizer.

  Wheat-cotton Double Cropping Systems: Effect on Light Interception in Cotton Canopy and Spatial-temporal Distribution of Cotton Boll 2019, 35 (34):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080098 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1921KB )   ( 253 ) As cotton plant areas decrease sharply at the Yellow River Valley and to relive the stress of competing for land between grain crops and cotton, the effect of wheat-cotton double cropping system on cotton canopy light capture and distribution of cotton bolls had been studied. The completely random design was used with three treatments of cotton monoculture system, wheat-cotton double cropping system, cotton relay wheat cropping system and each repeated triply. Incident and reflected light of each treatment was measured by light quantum sensor, meanwhile cotton growth period and plant mapping were determined. And the results were as followings, 1) there were significant differences in cotton growth period between three treatments, comparing with monoculture cotton, the duration from cotton seedling stage to cotton square stage for cotton relay wheat cropping system was 10 days and 7 days shorter in 2016 and 2017, respectively, however, duration from flowering stage to boll-opening stage was 15 days and 17 days longer, respectively. 2) The capacity of light interception was highest for cotton in monoculture system, for example, 71.4% and 78.6% higher light was captured by cotton of monoculture system than of wheat-cotton double cropping system and cotton relay wheat inter-cropping system, respectively. 3) The number of cotton boll for monoculture cotton and wheat-cotton double cropping system was decreased from middle sympodial branches to upper and lower part, while it was the most at the bottom sympodial branches for cotton relay wheat cropping system. All in all, wheat-cotton double cropping system influenced cotton canopy light interception by affecting cotton growth period, finally different yield distribution being obtained.

  Cottons in Xinjiang and Typical Main Producing Areas Abroad: Difference Analysis and Countermeasures 翁琴,王红梅, and 2019, 35 (34):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090082 Abstract + ( 1443 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 235 ) Based on the comparative analysis of cotton in Xinjiang and typical main producing areas abroad, we clarify that there is a significant difference between the intrinsic quality of Xinjiang cotton and the world’s recognized high- quality cotton (American SJV and Australian cotton), but Xinjiang cotton has its own advantages and disadvantages, and its quality is slightly above the medium, with long and strong fiber, and high value of fiber micronaire. The problems of Xinjiang cotton included the pollution caused by the foreign fibre, the single fiber type, the slight shortness of fiber and slight weakness of fiber strength of machineharvested cotton, the high cotton impurity and supply cost, the low supply benefit and efficiency, and the quality indexes needed to be coordinated and optimized. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the selection and breeding cotton varieties of different fiber types and high-quality, optimize the regional distribution of different cotton varieties, prevent the pollution caused by foreign fiber, establish the scaled and standardized cotton production management, and popularize the application of light simplified cultivation technology, so as to improve the market competition of Xinjiang cotton.

  Planting Promotion Potential of Soybean Varieties: Based on Short Sunshine Conditions 王子时 and 2019, 35 (34):  23-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700402 Abstract + ( 966 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 137 ) To study the promotion planting potential of soybean varieties. Taking 4 soybean varieties (‘Dongnong 252’, ‘Heinong 48’, ‘Heinong 35’, ‘Heinong 34’) as materials, we analyzed the agronomic traits of each soybean variety, such as plant height, pod number per plant, leaf area, root dry weight and so on based on short sunshine conditions. The results showed that: short sunshine significantly decreased plant height, leaf area and root dry weight of 4 soybean varieties, and significantly reduced the pod number per plant except for ‘Dongnong 252’; the differences of soybean varieties significantly affected the short sunshine sensitivity of plant height traits, but had no significant effects on pod number per plant, leaf area and root dry weight; the differences of traits very significantly affected the short sunshine sensitivity of ‘Dongnong 252’, ‘Heinong 48’, and significantly affected the short sunshine sensitivity of ‘Heinong 34’, but had no significant effect on ‘Heinong 35’; the differences in short sunshine sensitivity of each trait was root dry weight>leaf area>plant height>pod number per plant. ‘Dongnong 252’ was the most sensitive to short sunshine compared with other soybean varieties. The short sunshine sensitivity differences of 4 soybean varieties were basically the same as the planting range. This study provides a reference for assessing the promotion planting potential of soybean varieties.

  2 Exogenous Substances: Effects on Agronomic Traits and Rhizosphere Microflora of Soybean 郝剑霞,,, and 2019, 35 (34):  27-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600240 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 1699KB )   ( 120 ) To study the effects of Sinorhizobium fredii and calcium diphenylurea sulfonate (DSC) on agronomic traits and rhizosphere microflora of soybean, we set up 8 treatments by pot culture and selected representative components for the diversity analysis of community structure by measuring the agronomic traits of soybeans in each group. The results showed that: compared with CK, when DSC content was 6 g/L, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, pod number, seed number and plant height were significantly increased; S.fredii + 6 g/L DSC significantly increased the fresh nodule weight, dry nodule weight and number of nodules, so we selected the rhizosphere soils of CK, S.fredii (N1), 6 g/L DSC (N3) and S.fredii + 6 g/L DSC (N6) for high- throughput sequencing, and the results showed that: the community diversity of N1 and N3 was significantly lower than CK; N1 was beneficial to the enrichment of Proteobacteria; N6 was beneficial to the enrichment of Chloroflexi; N1, N3 and N6 were beneficial to the enrichment of Nitrospirae; compared with CK, N1, N3 and N6 increased in Azoarcus, Azotobacter, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and other functional genus. In conclusion, S.fredii and DSC can improve the agronomic traits of soybean, and also affect the rhizosphere community structure of soybean.

  Comparison of Photosynthetic Characteristics Between Spring and Semi-winter Brassica napus in Spring Rape Area 2019, 35 (34):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100067 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 374 ) To study the difference of photosynthetic characteristics between spring and semi-winter rape in spring rape ecological area, photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll content of leaf, green leaf area, light response curve and CO2 response curve were measured in spring rape area of Zhangye, Gansu. The results showed that: the net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency of semi-winter rape were higher than those of spring rape, while stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were lower than those of spring rape. The green leaf area of spring rape was significantly higher than that of winter rape, while chlorophyll concentration was lower than that of semi- winter rape. The light utilization and transformation ability of semi-winter rape was better than that of spring rape and the net photosynthetic rate of semi-winter rape was higher than that of spring rape under low light intensity or high light intensity. The CO2 carboxylation efficiency of spring rape was higher than that of semi-winter rape, while photosynthesis of semiwinter rape was significantly higher than that of spring rape under high CO2 concentration. This study could provide certain references for rape germplasm resource expansion and high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in spring rape area.

  Establishing Sugarbeet DNA Fingerprint Based on SRAP Analysis 2019, 35 (34):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110054 Abstract + ( 673 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 598 ) To construct the fingerprint of sugarbeet varieties, two pairs of SRAP primer combinations (EM4- ME8 and EM7-ME10) with good polymorphism and clear and easy identification were obtained by screening 183 pairs of SRAP primer combinations. The fingerprints of 17 registered varieties were constructed by using the two pairs of primer combinations. The results showed that the primer combination EM7- ME10 could identify 15 varieties and amplify 15 different bands; the primer combination EM4-ME8 could identify 14 varieties and amplify 14 different bands; the two primer combinations combined could identify all 17 varieties. The success of using the SRAP primer combination to construct the fingerprint of sugarbeet varieties provides a new solution for the rapid identification of the authenticity of sugarbeet varieties, and provides a new way for protecting the rights of farmers and variety breeding professionals.

  Silkworm Chemosensory Protein CSP9: Antibody Preparation and Expression Analysis 王景娅,孙妍妍,,, and 2019, 35 (34):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190400023 Abstract + ( 772 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 167 ) In order to prepare the polyclonal antibody against CSP9 of silkworm, and study the expression characteristics and functions of CSP9 in silkworm. The csp9 gene of silkworm was amplified by PCR, and its prokaryotic expression vector was constructed. The expression of CSP9 protein was induced and purified. The purified CSP9 protein was immunized to New Zealand purebred rabbit to prepare polyclonal antibody. The expression of CSP9 in silkworm was detected by Western blot. Finally, the prokaryotic expression vector of csp9/pET-28a was constructed successfully, and the CSP9 protein with predicted molecular weight was purified. The polyclonal antibody against CSP9 was successfully prepared. The result of Western blot showed that CSP9 was specifically expressed in different stages and tissues of silkworm. In this study, CSP9 protein was successfully expressed and purified, its polyclonal antibody was successfully prepared. The expression characteristics of CSP9 in silkworm were analyzed, which laid a foundation for further study on the function and regulation of CSP9 in silkworm.

  The Growth Model of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Hubei 2019, 35 (34):  50-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600296 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 1314KB )   ( 145 ) The growth model of height, diameter at breast height and volume of Cunninghamia lanceolata was established to provide reference for the study of the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata in Hubei Province. The temporary sample plots of Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in three regions of Hubei Province were investigated and the analytical trees were obtained. Based on the data of 283 analytical trees, dumb variable was introduced according to the regional characteristics, and the growth models of height, diameter at breast height and volume of C. lanceolata plantations were established respectively. The results showed that Richards equation with dummy variable fitted the height and DBH growth model best, Richards equation without dummy variable fitted the volume growth model better, the goodness of fit R2 of the model reached 0.8376, 0.7946 and 0.7532. The model was tested by independent samples, and the height and DBH models with dummy variable were tested. Independent sample tests showed that the prediction accuracy of height model, DBH model and volume model without dummy variables was above 97%. According to the growth curve fitted by the model, the fast growth period of height and DBH of C. lanceolata in Hubei Province was about 4-12 years, and the maximum growth rate was reached in 7 a, and the volume grew fastest before 15 a. The growth of height and DBH of C. lanceolata in southwestern Hubei was slightly higher than that in southeastern and northwestern Hubei. There was no significant difference between southeastern and northwestern Hubei.

  Relationship Between Main Agronomic Traits and Pigment Yield of Yunnan Red Radish 2019, 35 (34):  59-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190500190 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 1074KB )   ( 86 ) The aim is to clarify the effect of main agronomic traits on pigment yield of Yunnan red radish by analyzing 10 hybrid combinations with correlation analysis, partial correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis. The root length, root diameter, plant height, development degree, leaf weight, leaf length, leaf width, exposed length, single root weight, pigment content of fleshy root and pigment yield of fleshy root were investigated in the harvest period of radish. DPS software was used to conduct the analysis. The variation coefficient of the 11 agronomic traits measured ranged from 0.09% to 10.42%, among which the variation coefficient of development degree was the largest, followed by that of leaf weight; and root weight, pigment content and root diameter were the most important economic characters affecting the pigment yield of Yunnan red radish hybrid combination. On the basis of proper development degree, leaf size and exposed length, the combination of thick root, long root and single root weight should be selected, which is easier to achieve the goal of breeding Yunnan red radish with high pigment content.

  Separation Conditions of Protoplasts of Lilium pumilum 王凯琪,王凯,孙志宏,曹园 and 齐向英 2019, 35 (34):  64-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700384 Abstract + ( 799 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 96 ) [Objective] The present study aim to establish an efficient and stable separation method of Lilium pumilum DC. callus protoplast, to provide scientific basis for Lilium pumilum DC. breeding research. [Method]The design method of L16(34) orthogonal experimental was adopted to optimize the combination conditions. The effects of some factors on the separation of Lilium pumilum DC. callus protoplast was investigated, including enzymolysis time, enzyme combination, osmotic pressure, pretreatment,and centrifugal speeds.[Result] (1)Pretreatment was carried out under the conditions of 0.015 g/mL cellulase + 0.005 g/mL pectinase + 0.65 mol/L mannitol. The results showed that the optimal hydrolysis time was 6 h and the yield was 3.47×106 cells/mL.(2) According to the results of the orthogonal test ,the optimum condition for protoplast isolation from Lilium pumilum DC. included a mixed enzyme solution of 0.02 g/mL cellulase、0.008 g/mL pectolyase、0.6 mol/L mannitol. High activity and pure protoplasts could be prepared by using the optimum condition, protoplast yield up to 3.465×106 cells/mL, viability of 60.32%;(3) Under the optimal enzyme combination treatment,Under these conditions, the dark matter treatment could increase the protoplast survival rate to 76.15%; At 15 min and 1000 r/min, the protoplast yield was the highest at 3.51×106/mL; at 10 min and 800 r/min, the protoplast activity was the highest at 61.2%.[Conclusion]The experiment obtained the best separation conditions of protoplasts of Lilium pumilum DC. and established a protoplast isolation system, which laid a foundation for further research on Lilium pumilum DC. breeding.

  Architectural Development of Inflorescence and Flowering Mechanism of Hydrangea macrophyflla 2019, 35 (34):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070091 Abstract + ( 896 )   PDF ( 1592KB )   ( 239 ) The paper aims to solve the problem of almost no blooming flower or close flower after pruning on Hydrangea macrophyflla. The experiment was carried out on H. macrophyflla‘Classic red’. The morphological development of flower buds was observed by scanning electron microscope. After completing the flower bud differentiation, the plants were cultivated to observe the floral development and bloom. The correlation between temperature and floral evocation was analyzed. The results showed that the process of flower bud differentiation was divided into five stages: the vegetative stage, inflorescence stage, meristem division stage, differentiation of floral primordia stage and differentiation of floral organs stage. H. macrophyflla treated at different times with low temperature could promote flowering, but the plants without vernalization had influence on the quality of flowers. H. macrophyflla completed the flower bud differentiation process for about four months, and the bud differentiation process had a significant correlation with temperature, the growth point expansion was at 20- 25℃, the meristematic doms was at 15-20℃, the floral primordium was formed at 10℃ and the floral organs were formed and the dormancy was broken at 5℃.

  Plasmodiophora brassicae and Plant Roots: The Interaction and Its Influencing Factors 2019, 35 (34):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120090 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 1193KB )   ( 176 ) Plasmodiophora brassicae is an obligate living parasitic pathogen which infects the root of cruciferous plant. This review briefly introduced the biological characteristics, the harm to plant, the disease detection and control methods for this pathogen, as well as presented the process of pathogen occurrence in soil and its interaction with plant. Moreover, summarized the effects and regulations of soil, including physicochemical factors, root exudates, microorganism in rhizosphere soil and mineral elements, on the occurrence of Plasmodiophora braccicae. This review was to provide theoretical basis for research and development of the disease control methods and to promote the sustainable development of agricultural product.

  Quantitative Relationship of Herbaceous Plant Communities in a Crataegus pinnatifid Orchard 2019, 35 (34):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600273 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 1367KB )   ( 377 ) [Objective][Method] In this paper, the ecological relationship of herbaceous plant communities in a Crataegus Pinnatifid Orchard at the pomology institute in Shanxi academy of agricultual sciences were studied using the methods of two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) and detrended-correspondence analysis (DCA). The purpose of this study was to provide a scientific management the herbaceous plants in Crataegus Pinnatifid Orchard. [Result] The results showed that there were 53 herbaceous plant species (i.e., weeds) belonged to 26 families and 48 genera in the orchard, among which the three families of Compositae, Gramineae and Leguminosae, perennial plants, and mesophytes plant accounted for 45.29%, 58.49% and 56.60%, respectively. The 42 quadrats of herbaceous plants in the orchard were classified into eight associations. The results of TWINSPAN classification reflected the distribution characteristics of the herbaceous plant associations and life-span changes of dominant species in the Orchard, and were confirmed by the two-dimensional ordination diagram of DCA, that is, the dominant species of the herbaceous plants gradually changed from annual species to perennial species along the second axis of DCA from top to bottom. However there was no obvious distribution regularity of herbaceous plant ecotypes in the DCA ordination diagram, and the species diversity of the association (Ⅵ) dominated by mesophytes was higher than that of the associations (Ⅴ and Ⅶ) dominated by xerophytes, which indicated that human disturbance had obvious influence on the community of herbaceous plant in the Orchard. [Conclusion] Rational regulation of herbaceous plant quantity in future management of the Orchard will promote the quality and yield of hawthorn fruit.

  Evaluation Method of Climate Quality of Big Leaf Tea 王鹏云 and 吴育钊 2019, 35 (34):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020038 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 113 ) The paper aims to find the relationship between the quality of big leaf tea and the climatic conditions, and offer a technological support for undertaking climate quality evaluation of large leaf tea. The microclimatic data by parallel observation method of 19 tea gardens in the main Pu’er tea production area was applied to clarify the climate quality evaluation factors and indexes of big leaf tea, and establish single factor fitness models and climate quality indexes using correlation analysis and fuzzy math methods. The results showed that there were significantly negative correlation between the average temperature in the big leaf tea plant growing season and caffeine content, and between the relative humidity and amino acid content. Combined with physiologic characters of the big leaf tea plant, the evaluation indexes were determined, single meteorological element and the comprehensive fitness models were established. The verification accuracy of the evaluation method was 84% in the researching area.

  Multi-Scale Variation of Ozone Concentration and Its Relationship with Meteorological Conditions in Guiyang 2019, 35 (34):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090067 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 1874KB )   ( 291 ) Compared with the Middle East of China, the atmospheric environment in Guiyang is cleaner, and the change of O3 needs further study. In this paper, the hourly concentration data , meteorological and geographic data of O3 in 10 air quality monitoring points set up by Guiyang Environmental Protection Bureau during the past five years (January 2013-December 2017) were analyzed, and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of O3 concentration in Guiyang were discussed. In this paper, the spatial and temporal variations of ozone in Guiyang city were analyzed mainly from the special topography of the basin and wind effects, aiming at the high concentration of ozone relative to other pollutants and the high concentration of ozone at night in suburbs. The results show that: (1) The annual average concentration of O3 in Guiyang city increases year by year, which is related to the increase of emission sources. The seasonal variation of O3 is mainly affected by weather and climate conditions, and the variation of O3 is significantly related to global solar radiation、air temperature and so on. (2) The concentration of O3 in suburb is obviously higher than that in urban area, and the time of occurrence is mostly at night. This phenomenon is related to the difference of emission sources between urban and suburban areas, the nature of underlying surface and the characteristics of topography and microclimate. (3) Under certain emission sources, the main factors affecting the variation of O3 concentration in urban and suburban areas of Guiyang are special basin topography and wind. The change hour of O3 is positively correlated with wind speed in winter half year and summer half year. The variation of O3 in the suburbs is also positively correlated with wind speed in the winter half year, but in the summer half year, the hour concentration of O3 in the suburbs is positively correlated with wind speed, which is caused by the valley topography and wind direction in the suburbs.

  Straw Returning Affects Soil Microbial Population and Wheat Crown Rot 2019, 35 (34):  102-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070071 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 1436KB )   ( 150 ) To explore the effect of straw returning on soil microbial population and wheat crown rot, the number of fungi, bacteria and actinomycetes in the rhizosphere soil under straw returning and non- returning was analyzed by dilution and separation method. The occurrence of wheat crown rot was investigated. The results showed that the number of bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes in wheat rhizosphere soil increased significantly after straw returning, and the occurrence of wheat crown rot was more serious than that of non-returning. After the straw was returned to the field, the incidence of wheat crown rot was higher than that in the non-returning area during the greening stage, jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage and maturity stage, the incidence of wheat crown rot was 12.00%, 13.00%, 17.50%, 17.00% and 16.00% higher respectively, and the disease index of wheat crown rot was 3.38, 5.28, 7.37, 8.25 and 8.13 higher than that of the non-returning field, respectively. After the straw was returned to the field, the amount of microorganisms in the soil increased significantly compared with that in the non-returning soil, and the fungus increased most significantly. In the five growth stages of wheat, the growth of fungi in the soil was 591.32%, 373.63%, 212.62%, 285.74% and 373.95% higher than that of the non-returning field, respectively. Therefore, after the straw is returned to the field, the amount of soil microorganisms is increased, which aggravates the occurrence of wheat crow rot.

  Isolation and Identification of Parasitic Fungi from Leaves of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis 2019, 35 (34):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600261 Abstract + ( 715 )   PDF ( 1860KB )   ( 139 ) Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass. is a precious perennial herbal medicine. The high-efficiency and standardized cultivation of aggravates the occurrence of leaf diseases of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass. In order to understand the leaf diseases of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass., the parasitic fungi were isolated from the leaf lesions of P.polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass., and identified by morphology and molecular biology. Nineteen colonies with different morphology were isolated, of which 9 were Epicoccum, 7 were Alternatia, 2 were Periconia and 1 was Trichothecium Roseum. To provide technical parameters for the pathogen identification, occurrence regularity and control methods of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass., and to provide a basis for exploring better planting technology of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis（Fr.）Hand.Mass.

  Agricultural Microclimate Intelligent Observation System Design: Based on Distributed Measurement 2019, 35 (34):  112-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030005 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 1568KB )   ( 93 ) The paper aims to achieve the refined observation of agricultural microclimate, and meet the requirements of position and levels in agricultural microclimate observation. By analyzing the functional requirements of the agricultural microclimate observation system, the analysis of the agricultural microclimate observation system was carried out. The results showed that: the multi-point distributed measurement method reflecting the microclimate conditions in the observed area was more accurate than the single- point measurement method adopted by most agricultural microclimate observation systems, especially the facility agriculture environment; moreover, it could comply with the requirements of low cost, small installation area and a few cables. In conclusion, through the comprehensive research and development of software and hardware, a systematic solution is achieved.

  Selection on Synergetic Ratio of Combined Insecticides to Pleonomus canaliculatus (Faldermann) 2019, 35 (34):  115-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030126 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1309KB )   ( 111 ) To screen out the combination of insecticide complex agents with synergistic effect on the underground pest Pleonomus canaliculatus, the toxicant force of each compound combination on the 3rd instar larvae of the Pleonomus canaliculatus was determined by the dipping method. The co-toxicity factor method was used to select the combination with the co-toxic factor greater than 20, and then the ratio was further refined, and the optimal compounding combination with a co-toxicity coefficient greater than 120 was screened by the co-toxicity coefficient method, among them, 28 groups had synergistic effect. The results showed that: chlorantraniliprole with chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiodicarb, clothianidin, bifenthrin, thiame-thoxam and lambdacyhalothrin, with the ratio of 2:1, 3:1, 15:8, 15:2, 3:4, 1:2 and 3:11, respectively, showed significant synergistic effect, and the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) was 178.41, 185.44, 208.10, 155.16, 149.55, 138.98 and 309.22, respectively; the most significant effect was observed when the mixture of lambda-cyhalo-thrin and thiamethoxam was at a ratio of 11:2, and the co- toxicity coefficient (CTC) was 198.45. The effect of bifenthrin combined with thiodicarb and clothianidin at a ratio of 1:2 and 1:5 is significant with the co-toxicity coefficient (CTC) of 215.69 and 337.94, respectively.

  Flavonoids from Seeds of Mirabilis jalapa: Extraction Technology Optimized by Response Surface Methodology and Antioxidant Activity 2019, 35 (34):  127-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600327 Abstract + ( 798 )   PDF ( 2032KB )   ( 427 ) The study aims to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids from seeds of Mirabilis jalapa by response surface methodology (RSM) and evaluate the antioxidant activity in vitro. Based on the single factor experiment, the optimized condition were determined by using Box-Behnken experimental design to study the ratio of solid to liquid, extraction time, ethanol volume fraction and their interaction effect on the extraction rate of flavonoids. Antioxidant activity of flavonoids from seeds of M. jalapa was evaluated by DPPH free radical scavenging ability system. The results showed that the optimized extraction condition was ethanol volume fraction of 75%, the ratio of solid to liquid of 1:35(g:mL), the extraction time of 2 hours. Under this condition, the extract yield was 1.736%, and the extracted flavonoids had strong scavenging effect on DPPH free radicals. Therefore, the analytical results obtained by the response surface method are reliable, and the method is efficient and simple, and the flavonoids from seeds of M. jalapa have obvious antioxidant activity.

  The Effects of Low Temperature Duration on Mango Fruit Antioxidant Capacity and Quality 2019, 35 (34):  134-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700371 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 459 ) Mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. ‘Tainong No. 1’) fruits harvested from Baise district in Guangxi Province were stored at low temperature (10 °) for 30 days. Samples of pulp tissues were collected at days 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30. Fruit antioxidant capacity including catalase, superoxide dismutase, phenylalnine ammonialyase, polyphenoloxidase, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide anion radical, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, total phenol, and fruit quality such as total soluble solids, titratable acidity, vitamin C, as well as fruit plant disease incidence were measured to investigate the effects of low temperature storage durations on fruit antioxidant capacity and quality, and further provide theoretical foundation for mango fruit low temperature storage. The results indicated that fruits began to show disease symptoms on day 15 of storage, and fruit decay rate gradually increased with the storage duration extension. The activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and total phenol content in fruits were maintained the higher before 15 days storage. The superoxide dismutase activity, total antioxidant capacity and total phenol content were remarkably decreased, while the content of malondialdehyde was notably increased after 20 days storage. Meanwhile, the fruit total soluble solids began to descend, and the titratable acidity went further down. These results showed that optimum temperature was 10 °for short time storage (approximate 20 days) of ‘Tainong No. 1’ mango fruits.

  Residue Detection and Safety Evaluation of Malathion in Cabbage Mustard and Flowering Chinese Cabbage 2019, 35 (34):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110004 Abstract + ( 621 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 132 ) To clarify the safety of malathion in cabbage mustard and flowering Chinese cabbage, the residue of malathion in the two kinds of vegetables was studied. A gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC/ MS) method was developed for the determination of malathion. Samples were extracted by acetonitrile, purified by QuEChERS purification package, filtered by 0.22 μm membrane, separated by gas chromatography column (TG-5SILMS 30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm), and detected by selected reaction monitoring mode (SRM). The linear relationship was good in the range of 0.5-100 μg/L, the correlation coefficient r was above 0.999. The limit of detection (LODs) was 0.3 μg/kg, and the limit of quantitation (LOQs) was 1 μg/kg. The adding concentration was at 3 levels of 2, 20 and 200 μg/kg, the average recoveries of malathion varied from 89.9% to 120.6%, the relative standard deviations (RSD) was less than 5. 200 batches of cabbage mustard were detected by this method, and malathion residue was not detected. 200 batches of flowering Chinese cabbage were tested, and malathion residue was detected in 2 batches, the detection rate was 1%. The method passed the acute dietary risk assessment, the risk entropy (HQ) is less than 1, and the dietary intake is safe.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Heavy Metal Pollution in Peanut 毛林 and 2019, 35 (34):  144-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190700420 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 2175KB )   ( 84 ) In order to objectively analyze the research status of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) heavy metals at home and abroad, summarize the key points and weaknesses of research at this stage, and provide data reference for peanut heavy metals researchers and decision makers, so as to promote the development of peanut high-quality and safe production. Based on Bibliometrics and CiteSpace V analysis, this paper makes an in-depth quantitative comparison and analysis of the number, age distribution, country, author information, publications, research contents and hot spots of peanut heavy metals by searching peanut heavy metals in English Web of Science database and Chinese CNKI database. The results showed that the earliest literatures on peanut heavy metals were published in 1978, and the research papers on peanut heavy metals showed a significant upward trend in the 40 years from 1987 to 2018, especially after 2006, which was the rapid development stage of peanut heavy metals research. Based on Bibliometric analysis, peanut shells, adsorption, removal and metallothioglobulin are the key words in the field of heavy metals research in peanut. From 2013 to now, stabilization, biochar, phytoremediation and other emerging hot spots have emerged. The research on heavy metals in peanut mainly focuses on two aspects: one is the effect of heavy metals on peanut physiology and growth; the other is the study on raw materials of heavy metal adsorbents from peanut hulls. China has a significant advantage in the research of peanut heavy metals, but the frequency of citation needs to be improved. Agricultural and forestry universities and scientific research institutions account for half of the publishing institutions, mainly concentrated in large provinces with strong agricultural and academic strength in China, such as Shandong Province and Guangdong Province. After years of development, the author group of peanut heavy metals research has taken shape, but the aggregation of high-yielding and active author group is not enough, the number of core authors and the quality of papers need to be improved, and international cooperation is an effective way to improve the output level of scientific research results.

  The Construction of Agricultural Industrialization Complex and Talent Cultivation 2019, 35 (34):  154-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600306 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1349KB )   ( 99 ) The construction of agricultural industrialization complex is one of the important means to promote rural revitalization, and plays an important role in realizing industrial prosperity, poverty alleviation and the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry. This study summarizes the status of the construction of agricultural industrialization complex with its talent training, analyzes main challenges such as vague recognition, imperfect working mechanism and leadership system, rural financial dilemma needs to be solved urgently, a lag in the construction of rural talents system, and obvious obstacles to land issues. Then, we put forward countermeasures to support the construction of agricultural industrialization complex and its talent training, including building the top-level design, improving the financial service level, establishing the talent training system, and ensuring reasonable land needs for industry.

  The Impact of African Swine Fever Epidemic on Listed Companies of Pig Industry Chain in China 2019, 35 (34):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb20190600281 Abstract + ( 988 )   PDF ( 1279KB )   ( 74 ) The study aims to analyze the influence of African swine fever epidemic on the market value of listed companies of pig industry chain in China, and then to clarify the influence of the epidemic situation on the stakeholders in pig industry chain, such as breeding, slaughtering, processing and consumption. Applying event study method, the data are selected from 32 listed companies of pig industrial chain involving meat processing, breeding, feed and veterinary medicine. Fluctuation of daily abnormal return (AR) and cumulated abnormal return (CAR) of the sample data are calculated, analyzed and tested. Results show that: the impact of African swine fever epidemic on different listed companies of pig industrial chain is different in time and degree. The impact degree on breeding industry is the most negative. The impact time on veterinary medicine industry is the longest. The impact degree and time of the meat processing industry is only after the veterinary medicine industry. The negative influence on the feed industry is minimal. To sum up, African swine fever epidemic has a significantly negative impact on the market value of feed, breeding, meat processing and veterinary medicine listed companies of the pig industry chain.