Abstract: To analyze the vegetation cover and vegetation environment along the Yangtze River (Chongqing section), 16 days normalized vegetation index product of MODIS level 3 MOD13A1 from 2000 to 2015 was used to analyze the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and changing trend of vegetation index of 22 districts and counties along the Yangtze River in Chongqing. The results were shown as following. (1) After the impoundment of the Three Gorges reservoir, the ecological vegetation and the vegetation environment along the Yangtze River showed a good trend, and improved more obvious especially in the eastern area of the Yangtze River. (2)The vegetation cover and the vegetation environment were better farther away from the river. From administrative divisions, the ecological environment of vegetation in the eastern region was best, followed by the central region, then the western region and the main urban. And the area (region) where vegetation was better, the average height was larger. (3) After the impoundment of 175m, the vegetation index in the Yangtze River and 250m area away from the river was obviously lower than that before the impoundment (2000-2003) in spring, while was obviously bigger in autumn, was increase or decrease in summer and winter. Far from the Yangtze River, the vegetation index shown an increasing trend in spring, autumn and winter, and was decreasing in summer. In summer, the whole river channel is in the rainy season and rainfall will be more，so for a long time, the river will be in the process of flood peak or high water level that the flooded area of the river will be enlarged. After the Three Gorges water storage, the clouds such as thin clouds and broken clouds increased. Those leaded to vegetation index was decreasing although in the discharge stage during the summer half year. In the winter half year, there will be no high water level in the river, and the bare soil in the river will increase, which is suitable for vegetation growth. Although in the water storage stage, the vegetation index still will have an increasing trend.