Abstract: To improve the agricultural economic benefit of Liaoning Province, we take 2001-2014 statistical data of crops as the data source, used mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis method to analyze temporal and spatial variations of sown area of five major grain and economic crops including corn, rice, soybean, oil and vegetable. The results showed that (1) from 2001 to 2014, the total sown area of crop in Liaoning Province increased by 16.97%, and the sown area of grain crops and economic crops increased by 17.30% and 15.85% respectively, and grain crops always accounted for a large proportion of total crop cultivation area, approximately 77.50%; (2) the sown area of corn increased by 70.54%, the planting proportion increased year by year, the sown area of rice decreased by 79.62%, the sown area of oil crops increased by 33.4%, the sown area of vegetables increased by 14.73%, and the sown area of soybeans decreased by 63.36%, the increased areas concentrated in the central and northern regions of Liaoning, such as Shenyang, Tieling and Jinzhou; (3)through GIS spatial analysis of the sown area of five major crops in Liaoning Province, it was found that there was some spatial agglomeration in distribution, the planting structure of corn, rice, oil and vegetables showed a radiation distribution from Shenyang to the west and north, while the planting area of soybean mainly concentrated in Dalian and Shenyang.