Abstract: Under the increasing trade frictions between China and the United States, the task of safeguarding national food security is more arduous. It will be difficult for China to increase grain output and efficiency in traditional way, and the improvement of the competitiveness of grain industry needs to rely on scientific and technological innovation. Through the statistical analysis of the latest food production data in recent years, the status and problems of scientific and technological innovation supporting food security in the new era are deeply studied by means of field research, literature review and qualitative analysis. At present, China''s scientific and technological innovation still faces a series of problems in guaranteeing food security: the last kilometer‘curse’of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is hard to crack, the system of scientific and technological innovation is not sound, the investment structure of scientific research funds needs to be optimized, and the technical service talents is insufficient. Therefore, to promote the steady development of scientific and technological capability for ensuring food security, we should deepen the reform of food scientific research institutes, build up a system of collaborative innovation in food science and technology with complementary function and highly efficient configuration, promote grain varieties and regional structure adjustment continuously, strengthen the technology and equipment research and development of deep processing and cold chain logistics, develop green food production pattern research, promote grain production scale, and establish the system of mechanized production technology of grain crops.