Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.27 Published:19 September 2018

  Scientific and Technological Innovation Ensuring Food Security: Promoting Grain Production and Efficiency in China Under the Background of China-US Trade Friction 2018, 34 (27):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070124 Abstract + ( 1690 )   Under the increasing trade frictions between China and the United States, the task of safeguarding national food security is more arduous. It will be difficult for China to increase grain output and efficiency in traditional way, and the improvement of the competitiveness of grain industry needs to rely on scientific and technological innovation. Through the statistical analysis of the latest food production data in recent years, the status and problems of scientific and technological innovation supporting food security in the new era are deeply studied by means of field research, literature review and qualitative analysis. At present, China''s scientific and technological innovation still faces a series of problems in guaranteeing food security: the last kilometer‘curse’of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements is hard to crack, the system of scientific and technological innovation is not sound, the investment structure of scientific research funds needs to be optimized, and the technical service talents is insufficient. Therefore, to promote the steady development of scientific and technological capability for ensuring food security, we should deepen the reform of food scientific research institutes, build up a system of collaborative innovation in food science and technology with complementary function and highly efficient configuration, promote grain varieties and regional structure adjustment continuously, strengthen the technology and equipment research and development of deep processing and cold chain logistics, develop green food production pattern research, promote grain production scale, and establish the system of mechanized production technology of grain crops.

  High Temperature Damage at Grain Filling Stage of Early Rice in Hainan: Effects on 1000-grain Weight 吴坤悌,陈明,赵蕾 and 张亚杰 2018, 34 (27):  8-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070025 Abstract + ( 1180 )   Under the background of global climate warming, based on the meteorological data, early rice production data and early rice agro-meteorological observation data from 2005 to 2016, the authors calculated high temperature (≥32℃) hours and thermal accumulated temperature at grain filling stage, in order to explore the regularity and effects of high temperature damage on 1000-grain weight of early rice in Hainan. The results indicated that: the high temperature hours and thermal accumulated temperature at grain filling stage of early rice both increased annually in Hainan, and could be fitted by logarithmic function, with the correlation coefficients of 0.69 and 0.68 respectively. 1000-grain weight decreased with the increase of high temperature hours and thermal accumulated temperature, and the rate of descent slowed down gradually.

  Effect of Micro-fertilizer Rate on Seedling and Growth After Transplanting of‘Liaojing401’ 2018, 34 (27):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100003 Abstract + ( 1310 )   In order to study the effects of micro-fertilizer of japonica rice cultivars liaojing401 seedlings and transplanting, use the SaiZhong soil conditioner contents of Si(40%), Mg and Ca(8%) as micro-fertilizer, respectively in seedling stage nursery substrates and basal form with before transplanting, seedling stage was studied and after transplanting seedling quality, root system characteristics, stem tillers dynamics, accumulation of dry matter, the results show that: the micro-fertilizer significantly improved the seedlings stem base width, SPAD value, leaf age in transplanting period, plant height, increase green after transplanting, tillering ability, overground part and underground part of dry matter weight, improve root characteristics after transplanting; The micro-fertilizer application of seedling stage is small and the economic cost is low, which is the best for 30g/disk. Although the level of 450kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer was the highest after transplanting, the level of the 300kg/hm2 micro-fertilizer was not increased heavily. Considering the economic cost, the rice seedlings 30g/disk in 300kg/hm2 fertilization are the best.

  Sowing Stage: Effect on Yield Components of Super Hybrid Early Rice 曾婷婷,黄晚华,童中华 and 陈安贤 2018, 34 (27):  17-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050123 Abstract + ( 1243 )   The objectives are to learn the climatic and ecological adaptability of super rice cultivation, rationally utilize climate resources and arrange the sowing period, and reduce the effect of agricultural meteorological disasters on the yield of double-cropping super early rice in Yiyang. Taking‘Zhuliangyou 819’ as a test material, a two-year experiment of sowing rice by stages was conducted. The differences of yield components at different sowing stages were analyzed, and the correlation between yield and climate was also analyzed. The results showed that the yield of the third sowing stage was the highest in the two consecutive years and the yield variability increased under different climatic conditions; the whole growth period of super rice was shortened with the delay of sowing date and the differences of different sowing dates mainly displayed in reproductive stage; the grain number per panicle was negatively correlated with the number of days from stem elongation stage to booting stage whose daily average temperature was no more than 22℃; days from milk grain stage to mature grain stage whose maximum temperature was no less than 35℃ exceeding five days could be used as a critical indicator of the occurrence of high temperature damage. The most optimum sowing time for double-cropping super early rice is late March to early April in Yiyang.

  Main Wheat Cultivars in Huaibei Area: Response to Low Temperature Stress and Cold Resistance Evaluation 2018, 34 (27):  22-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080081 Abstract + ( 1287 )   The paper aims to provide guidance for the safety wheat production in Huaibei area of Anhui, the authors studied the response of wheat plants to low temperature stress under different sowing time, and evaluated the cold resistance of the main cultivars combining with the freezing situation and yield under natural low temperature. The results indicated that: the cold resistance of varieties decreased sharply at -12℃ at returning green stage; the cold resistance of wheat plants at sowing stage was: late-sowing>appropriatesowing> early-sowing; the electrolyte leakage rate increased gradually with the decrease of temperature, the cold resistance of the varieties of different locations was significantly different; the cluster analysis showed that the cold resistance was Shandong>Henan>Anhui. The authors screened a batch of varieties with cold resistance and high-yield as ideal varieties for early-sowing of planting in Huaibei area of Anhui, such as ‘liangxing 66’,‘shannong 20’,‘jimai 22’, and‘yannong 19’

  Identification on Authenticity and Purity of Soybean Varieties in Field Plot Planting 2018, 34 (27):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120072 Abstract + ( 547 )   294 seed samples of 9 soybean varieties in Hulunbeier were collected and identified in the spring of 2008. Taking GB/T3543.5-1995 as the standard, we designed the field arrangement by 4N principle, adopted artificial precise dibble seeding and high quality chemical weeding, recorded the main characteristics of the varieties and then conducted the comparison. The results showed that the average emergence rate was 87.0%, 92.2% samples had the rate higher than 80%, 168 plots had hard seedlings, which accounted for 57.1% of the total, but there were not many plots with high hard seedlings, and the hard seedling did not seriously affect the seed quality. The purity identification of samples from 259 plots reached the standard, the total rate was 88.1%. 68 plots were high purity sample plot, no mixed strain was found, accounted for 23.1% of the total; the sample purity of 10 plots was less than 90% , accounted for 3.4%, and there were 4 plots which had problem samples (different varieties), accounted for 1.4%. The emergence rate and purity were excellent, but the quality of a few low purity samples was unacceptable. The purity identification showed that there were aggregations of high and low purity samples, the samples from high quality enterprise were excellent, and the samples from inferior enterprises had low quality. The experiment confirms that the field plot planting is stable and reliable, and can still be one of the main methods for seed authenticity and purity identification.

  Mechanized High Yield Cultivation Techniques for Potato 2018, 34 (27):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060085 Abstract + ( 371 )   To improve the development of potato industry in Shanxi, by summing up experiences and field experiment, the authors summarized mechanized high yield cultivation techniques, including land preparation, variety selection, seed treatment, sowing, field management, straw returning and harvest. The techniques could increase the income by 20250 yuan/hm2, save labor costs by 11250 yuan/hm2, and achieve income increase of 9000 yuan/hm2 through yield- increasing. The techniques realized simple cultivation, high yield and effectiveness, the combination of fine seed and fine method, and the combination of agro- machinery and agronomy through virus- free and yield- increasing, ridging seeding, rational close planting, concentrated fertilization, drop irrigation, chemical control of pests and weeds, mechanized intertillage and mechanized harvest. The techniques increased biological and economic yield, and saved labor cost.

  Utilization Rate of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in Potato: A Preliminary Report 2018, 34 (27):  39-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040049 Abstract + ( 507 )   “3414”fertilization design is used to study the effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application levels on their utilization rate in potato, determine the optimum amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization, and develop soil testing and formulated fertilization in Cili Hunan. The results showed that the contribution rate of soil fertility to the test plot was 51.94%, the main factor affecting potato yield was potassium application, followed by phosphorus application, and then nitrogen application. The limiting factors affecting nutrient absorption of potato was the amount of nitrogen application, followed by the amount of phosphorus. The fertilizer utilization rate of nitrogen was 29.85%, that of phosphorus was 1.64%, and that of potassium was 50.39%, and the integrated fertilizer utilization ratio was 78.16%. The recommended maximum fertilization for potato is: N 208.35 kg/hm2, P2O5 117.3 kg/hm2, K2O 585.0 kg/hm2, under which the yield is 18862.95 kg/hm2. The optimum fertilization is: N 204.9 kg/hm2, P2O5 111.0 kg/hm2, K2O 585.0 kg/hm2, under which the yield is 18783.6 kg/hm2.

  Analysis of main agronomic traits of rapeseed in Huanghuai regional trial sites 2018, 34 (27):  45-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070128 Abstract + ( 428 )   To analyze the interaction relationship between the genes of main agronomic characters of rape and the environment in Huanghuai Regional Trial Sites, and to evaluate all the trial sites, GGE biplot method was used to analyze the agronomic characters of rape in the National Huanghuai Regional Trials from 2010 to 2015. Trial sites were clustered based on the interaction results between the genes of three yield components and environment, and they were evaluated according to the discriminating ability and representativeness. The results showed that the yield, pods per plant, plant height and effective branch height at Fuping Site were the best. 1000-seed weight, yield per plant, primary branches and pods of main raceme at Huaian Site were the best. Seeds per pod and pods density of main raceme at Chenxian Site were the best. Based on both of pods per plant and 1000-seed weight, Suzhou Site was clustered into one group; and the discriminating ability and representativeness of Yangling Site were the highest. Suzhou Site was classified into another variety ecoregion. Yangling Site was the most ideal site in Huanghuai Region.

  Growth Period of Spring Rape in Alpine Region: Responses to Climate Change 2018, 34 (27):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020076 Abstract + ( 509 )   To get the response features of the growth period of spring rape to local climate change in alpine region of Qinghai, based on the growth period and meteorological observation data of spring rape from Guinan meteorological bureau during 1991-2017, we analyzed the responses law of the growth period of spring rape to climate change by adopting linear regression method. The results showed that: (1) the average temperature, the average minimum temperature and the accumulated temperature steadily through 0℃ showed a non-significant upward trend; the cumulative precipitation and the average wind speed increased significantly, while the cumulative sunshine hours showed a significant decreasing trend; (2) during the seeding stage of spring rape, there was no obvious response to climate change, and the growth period, such as maturation stage, seeding stage, peduncle growth stage, five leaves and squaring period, all significantly delayed with interannual extension, and the delayed trend of flowering period was not significant; (3) the increase of the number of days during the whole growth period of spring rape were not significant, and the days of the whole growth period varied greatly; there was a significantly negative correlation between the days of the whole growth period and the average temperature, the average maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature; there was an extremely and significantly positive correlation between the days of the whole growth period and the accumulated temperature steadily through 0℃, the sunshine hours and cumulative precipitation.

  Gel Made by Super Absorbent Polymers and Urea: Effect on Micro-ecological Environment in the Rhizosphere Soil of Juglans regia 2018, 34 (27):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040092 Abstract + ( 396 )   The paper aims to explore the best combination of SAP (Super Absorbent Polymers) and urea. We studied the effects of 5 treatments including CK (neither fertilizer nor SAP was applied), U (urea was applied alone), S (SAP was applied alone), SUM (SAP was mixed with urea) and SUG (gel was made of SAP and urea) on the growth of Juglans regia and the micro- ecological environment in the rhizosphere soil by a pot experiment. The results indicated that: compared with U treatment, the SUG treatment obviously increased total organic acids, total amino acids and total sugar in the root exudates; the activity of sucrose enzyme, polyphenol oxidase, urease enzyme and catalase enzyme in the rhizosphere soil was improved obviously; at the same time, the microbial populations, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen were significantly higher in the SUG treatment than that in the other treatments; additionally, the SUG treatment obviously promoted the growth of ground diameter and plant height ofJuglans regia , and the ground diameter and plant height of SUG were higher than that in other treatments. However, S and SUM treatments had less effect on the micro-ecological environment in the rhizosphere soil than that in SUG treatment. In conclusion, the gel is beneficial to improve the micro-ecological environment in the rhizosphere soil, enhance the ability of drought resistance and promote the growth ofJuglans regia .

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Leaf Positions of 2 Cut Chrysanthemum Cultivars 2018, 34 (27):  60-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070050 Abstract + ( 433 )   This study aimed to understand the difference of assimilation ability oftwo cut flower Chrysanthemum, and to compare the ability of different leaf positions to adapt to low light, in order to provide theoretical basis for production management of facility cultivation. ‘Jingba’ and ‘Youxiang’ were measured by GFS-3000 portable photosynthetic system to understand their photosyntheticcharacters and light response curves were fitted. [Result] The results showed that the photosynthetic parameters, e.g. the average of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate(Tr), intercellular CO2 mole fraction(Ci) and stomatal conductance(Gs)of ‘Jingba’ were a little higher than that of ‘Youxiang’ except water use efficiency (WUE); but the leaves of Pn and WUE of different positions of ‘Youxiang’ differed greatly, which those of the upper leaves were 3.51μmolm-2s-1and 2.47 mmolm-2s-1 and were 6.26 times and 8.23 times of the lower leaves, respectively. This suggested that the photosynthetic capacity and water use efficiency of ‘Youxiang’ decreased significantly with the increase of the ages. According to the maximum net photosynthetic rate (Pmax) and light saturation point (LSP), the modified rectangular hyperbolafittedthe light response curve of cut flower Chrysanthemum well. The variation tendency of Pmax, apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and LSP of 2 cultivars were consistent, from top to bottomof the leaf position it was gradually decreased. While the Pmax of different leaf positions of ‘Youxiang’ varied remarkably, the same as that of Pn. But the LSP and AQE of ‘Jingba’ was higher, so it had a wideradaptation to light intensity and was more suitable for sunlight greenhouse cultivation.

  Effect of Nitrogen on Photosynthesis, Conductivity and MDA Content of Euonymus fortunei 2018, 34 (27):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080133 Abstract + ( 657 )   The study aims to clarify the effect of different nitrogen fertilizer amounts onEuonymus fortunei photosynthetic characteristics, to provide a theoretical basis for the cultivation of high quality seedling. The test set 5 treatments as N1 (0 g/plant), N2 (6 g/plant), N3 (12 g/plant), N4 (18 g/plant), N5 (24 g/plant) and 3 repeats. The results showed that nitrogen application could improveEuonymus fortunei net photosynthetic rate, which significantly increased by 132.28% from that of the control under N4 in August; stomatal conductance of N4 and N5 increased by 156.26% and 138.95% respectively compared with that of the control, indicating significant difference; the transpiration rate of N4 increased by 102.18% compared with that of the control, indicating significant difference, while the transpiration rate of N5 was lower than that of N4 by 0.10 μmol/(m2·s), with no significant difference; intercellular CO2 concentration of N4 was lower than that of the control by 56.85%, with significant difference; the conductivity was the highest in August, that of N4 was 28.22% lower than the control, with significant difference, while there was no significant difference between the N2 and the control; the MDA content of each fertilizer treatment was lower than that of the control, that of N4 was lower than control by 59.62% in August with significant difference. Therefore, N4 is the best treatment.

  Physiological Characteristics of Hybrid‘Pink blue’from Lycoris longituba and L. haywardii 2018, 34 (27):  72-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040080 Abstract + ( 644 )   To study the heterosis of‘Pink blue’, takingLycoris haywardii as female parent andL. longituba as male parent, the photosynthetic parameters of‘Pink blue’were detected with LI-6400 Portable Photosynthetic Analyzer, and the alkaloid contents were analyzed. The results showed that the net photosynthetic efficiency (Pn ), stomatal conductance (Gs ), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci ), transpiration rate (Tr ), and the content of chlorophyll a and b and the total of chlorophyll of‘Pink blue’were between those of female parent and male parent. The water use efficiency (WUE ) of‘Pink blue’was better than that of its parents. The lycorine content of‘Pink blue’was higher than that of parents while the galanthamine content was lower. In conclusion,‘Pink blue’shows the heterosis on drought resistance and active medicinal ingredients (e.g. lycorin).

  Evaluation on Feeding Values of Coffee Residues as Livestock Feed 2018, 34 (27):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070042 Abstract + ( 870 )   The common nutritional ingredients of coffee and its by-products were measured to make the evaluation of feeding values and to evaluate the feeding values of coffee and its by-products as livestock feed to promote the development of coffee residues. The results showed that: The crude protein contents of coffee shell, coffee cherry and coffee bean ranged from 9.54-13.54% without obvious differences (P>0.05), of which were significantly higher than that of spent coffee grounds (SCG) nearly and forage quality. The ether extract (EE) contents of coffee bean was highest, ranging from 4.94-6.86%, followed by coffee cherry with a value of 3.26%, and the counterpart of SCG was lowest (P<0.01). The contents of CF, NDF, ADF and ADL of SCG were significantly higher than those of coffee shell, coffee cherry and coffee bean (P<0.01), of which the corresponding values of coffee shell were lowest showing the optimal feeding value. Among the material types, the Ash and P contents were the minimum for SCG, with a middle value of Ca content of 0.33%. For six types of materials, RFVs and GIs were maximum for coffee shell, followed coffee cherry and coffee bean, while the worst was belonged to SCG. Except slight differences between coffee beans, the values of RFVs and GIs successively ranked in coffee shell-1＞coffee shall-2＞coffee cherry＞coffee bean-1 (washed)＞coffee bean-2 (unwashed)＞spent coffee grounds, with the RFVs of 420.74, 260.09, 161.15, 117.97, 110.94, 34.43, and GIs of 182.76, 105.55, 34.44, 17.03, 18.95 and 0.55, respectively. The values of DMI and NEL were maximum for coffee shell, followed by coffee cherry and coffee bean while the counterparts of SCG were minimum, showing a skipping differences between the feeding values from four materials (P<0.01).Therefore, coffee shell and coffee cherry possessed higher feeding values while SCG had a little worth with lower feeding value less than straw. It was suggested that coffee residues could be turned into feedstuff by the process of silage or mixed silage.

  Estimation of Oil and Sewage Output of China’s Marine Fishing Vessels and Proposed Countermeasures 2018, 34 (27):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040033 Abstract + ( 598 )   To find out the output of oil sewage in the bilge compartment of marine fishing vessels of China, the bilge oil sewage of the marine fishing vessels in main fishing areas of China’s eastern coastal areas was sampled and investigated, and the estimation and analysis were carried out to know the annual total amount of the oil sewage discharged by China’s marine fishing vessels. The calculated data showed that the total annual displacement of China’s marine fishing vessels was about 136118 t, and the total annual oil discharge was about 5238 t. It is concluded that: the amount of oil pollution is not directly related to the ship age, however, the ship is in a better condition under the age of 5 years; the oil content of oil sewage is basically less than 5%, and the oil content of the lower water after a long static time is still higher than that of the discharge standard; and the oil sewage output from the marine fishing vessels is related to the daily management. Suggestions are put forward as: strengthening the publicity to improve fishermen’s awareness of environmental protection; strengthening supervision to reduce the emission of fishing vessels; encouraging fishing vessels to collect pollutants; strengthening cooperation and establishing coordinati on mechanism of various departments; strengthening research and development to promote technological innovation on oil sewage processing in the bilge compartment.

  2,3-Butanediol Dehydrogenase Gene (BudC) Overexpress K. oxytoca HD79 Strain: Construction and Identification 2018, 34 (27):  89-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070007 Abstract + ( 464 )   This study aims at overexpressingBudC and then upregulating the synthesis of 2,3-butanediol (2,3- BD). We constructed a recombinant overexpression vector named pR1SW-BudC by genetic engineering technology, after the PCR and enzyme digestion identification, pR1SW-BudC was transformed intoKlebsiella oxytoca HD79 by electric conversion, K. oxytoca HD79- 01 was obtained by kanamycin screening. Using original strain as the control, 2,3-BD content and the relative enzyme activity was detected with shaking flask fermentation. Furthermore, expression difference of BudC was detected with qRT- PCR. Finally, BudC expression in HD79-01 was 45.25 times as much as that of HD79 (P <0.01). The shaking flask fermentation showed that the maximum of yield, conversion rate and production strength increased by 24.54%, 10.97% and 45.08%, respectively (30.818 ± 0.003 g/L, 0.253 ± 0.013 g/g, 0.43 ± 0.01 g/(L·h)). The enzyme activity increased by 3.61 times (0.563 ± 0.003 U/mg). Thus, the construction ofBudC overexpressK. oxytoca HD79 strain not only increased 2,3-BD yield, but also laid the foundation for the industrial production of 2,3-BD.

  Pathogen of Pine Shoot Blight: Research Progress 2018, 34 (27):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110042 Abstract + ( 594 )   To study the pathogen of pine shoot blight, the authors introduced its classification status, the host and the symptoms of pine shoot blight; concluded the pathogen’s biological characteristics, and summarized the control measures of pine shoot blight, including forest management measures, chemical control and biological control. At last, the authors pointed out questions in the research of pine shoot blight, and discussed the research directions of pine shoot blight.

  Properties Analysis of Aspartic Protease Genes in Trichoderma asperellum Genome 2018, 34 (27):  102-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110096 Abstract + ( 596 )   The study aims at analyzing the characteristics of 20 aspartic protease family genes (ASP ) in Trichoderma asperellum genome. Their conserved domains and family, the amino acid sequences alignment, functional domains are predicted, and the evolutionary relationship and the differential expression of Asp genes of T. asperellum under different culture conditions are analyzed. All 20 ASPs belong to the Asp family (PF00026) and are all acidic protease (pI <7). 18 of 20 Asps have signal peptides. The alignment analysis finds that they contain two special catalytic characteristic fingerprints“DTGS/A”and“DT/SGS/Y/T/A/N”and the 20 Asps are divided into 4 branches according to the second catalytic fingerprints“DTGT”,“DSGT”,“DTGA/ N”, and“DSGY/T/S”respectively. Further, under C-hungry stress, the expression of 10 Asps is up-regulated, and the Asp54.2 is up-regulated to the highest value of 3222. Under N-hungry stress, the expression of 8 Asps are up-regulated, particularly the Asp50.9 is up-regulated to the highest value of 33100. After induced with leaf powder of Poplar (Tas + PdPap), the expression of 13 Asp genes of T. asprellum are up- regulated, especially the Asp50.9 is up-regulated to the highest value of 21078. It indicates that the aspartic protease genes play important roles in the process ofT. asperellum promoting poplar growth and interacting with the pathogen.

  Straw Returning: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Maize Yield 2018, 34 (27):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040068 Abstract + ( 507 )   To study the effect of straw returning on soil physical and chemical properties and maize yield under different treatments, through a randomized block test in field, the yield of maize was measured after harvest in autumn, and the soil samples were collected by S shape in each experimental plot. The indexes of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH were measured according to the corresponding method in the boratory, and the data of each index and yield were analyzed by variance analysis. The results showed that the content of soil organic matter and total potassium increased significantly with decomposing agent after the straw returned to field, but there was no effect on the content of soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available P, available K, and volume weight of soil, pH, and yield of maize. The content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium increased significantly after the film mulching, and the volume weight of soil decreased significantly, however under condition of film mulching with no straw returning, there was no effect on soil total phosphorus. Straw returning significantly increased soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium, and significantly reduced the volume weight of soil. The yield of maize increased significantly after straw returning to field. Under the condition of no film mulching, the yield increased by 9.7% compare with that of the control. The film mulching could greatly increase the yield of maize, and the yield increased by 48.8%, and the increasing yield could reach 59.1% with film mulching after the straw returned to field. Therefore, film mulching and straw returning can significantly increase the yield of maize, and the increasing yield with film mulching is higher than that of straw returning. In short, plastic mulching is an important measure for increasing yield in the Loess Plateau and straw returning with film mulching and decomposing agent should be popularized in maize production.

  Effects of Biochar Application on Greenhouse Gas (CH4 and N2O) Emission: A Review 2018, 34 (27):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070033 Abstract + ( 693 )   【Objectives】Paddy field is one of the important sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing GHG emissions from paddy field is of great significance for mitigating global climate changes. Biochar has the characteristics of high carbon content, difficult decomposition, large specific surface area, highly porous structure and considerable recalcitrancy. Biochar could effectively improve soil properties and microbial properties, reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O, and increase rice yield. 【Method】Based on current research, the characteristics of biochar, the mechanism of biochar affecting GHG emissions from paddy field, effects of CH4 and N2O emissions, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas emissions intensity (GHGI), the net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) at home and abroad were comprehensively reviewed by combining with the latest research progress. 【Result】The future prospects about the mitigation of biochar on GHG emissions from paddy field were also discussed.

  Effect of Rational Application of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Properties: A Review 2018, 34 (27):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050152 Abstract + ( 448 )   To understand the effect of organic fertilizer on improving soil fertility and regulating soil, we reviewed the research progress of organic fertilizers on N, P and K nutrients, soil bulk density and porosity, soil microorganisms, and soil heavy metals in recent years. The main research content included that rational application of organic fertilizers could increase the content of mineralized nitrogen in soil and promote different forms of nitrogen transformation; the content of both available phosphorus and organic phosphorus in soil could be increased, and the contents of available potassium and slowly available potassium could be increased significantly. Organic fertilizers could reduce surface soil bulk density and effectively maintain soil porosity, promote soil microbial activity and increase its biomass. The selective application of organic fertilizer could fix and purify the heavy metals in soil, however, the improper application could lead to heavy metal pollution, etc. Besides, we discussed the research trends of organic fertilizers in soil pollution and remediation, aiming to maximize the efficiency of organic fertilizers application in soil and increase the utilization ratio of soil fertilizers.

  Soil Fertility Evaluation for Urban Greenbelt in the New District of Yan ’an 2018, 34 (27):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100026 Abstract + ( 536 )   Greenbelt soil in the new district of Yanan was studied by physicochemical indexes measurement, and the fertility was evaluated according to the classification criteria for soil nutrients inThe 2nd National Soil Survey and Nemorrow formula, to provide a basis for road greening. The results indicated that soil organic matter and available potassium were in grade 4 (low level) with the average amounts of 14.37 g/kg and 53.00 mg/kg, respectively. Available nitrogen was in grade 5 (low level) with an average amount of 34.28 mg/kg, available phosphorus was in grade 6 (very low level) with an average amount of 2.64 mg/kg. The pH value was 8.25-9.39, which was alkali to high alkali. Soil bulk density was 1.02-1.73 g/cm3, and the porosity was low. The total salt was 0.45-1.48 g/cm3, soil salinization was serious. The Nemerow analysis showed that the border tree soil in the new district was in grade 4, poor fertility level (<0.9). Based on these results, some measures were proposed, such as using organic fertilizers, planting green manure plant, improving soil alkaline, to improve the soil fertility.

  Improvement Effect of Quota Sprinkling Irrigation on Coastal Saline-alkali Soil 2018, 34 (27):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100058 Abstract + ( 461 )   Sprinklerg irrigation salt-leaching experiments were carried out on Castal Saline-alkali Soil for evaluating its effect on amelioration of total salt content in different soil layers.The result of this experiment showed that there are similar effects between the amount of water and disalting effect,with the increase of the water desalting effect were better. The change of soil salinity were similar after sprinkler irrigation salt-leaching in different soil layers. Sprinkler irrigationt salt-leaching could reduce the soil salt content of different soil layers in the soil depth range between 0 and 100 cm. but significant differences of desalinization rate were observed at a soil depth of 0 ~ 100 cm among different soil layers. In the process of sprinkler irrigation salt-leaching, the soil salt content in the upper soil layer were well leached, and moved down to the subsoil, where the soil salt content increased sharply. The soil salt content of different soil layers were decreased range from 2.04% to 56.72%.The sprinkler irrigation of desalinization rate were decreased 55.34% and 56.72%, 53.80% and 48.53%, 20.89% and 25.05%, 2.04% and 5.24%, 3.59% and 5.63%, 6.59 and 7.18% in 0 ~ 10cm, 10 ~ 20cm, 20 ~ 40cm, 40 ~ 60cm, 60 ~ 80cm and 80 ~ 100cm soil layers, respectively. In particular, the 0 ~ 10cm and 10 ~ 20cm soil layers had the best effect in the process of salt-leaching, and the desalination rate were 48.53% and 56.72%.TheSdesalinationSrateSof different soil layers were decreased asStheSincreaseSofSsoilSdepth. Besides, water use ef ficiency were hig hunder sprinkler irrigation condition and it is very important for freshwater resources relative lack of coastal saline-alkali soil. Thus, this research is meaningful for completing irrigation technology to best utilize coastal saline-alkali soil and it will provide a technical support for developing a complete and systematic

  Regional Ecological Security in Anhui: Dynamic Assessment and Early Warning 2018, 34 (27):  142-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040026 Abstract + ( 560 )   With rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, the contradiction between the economic development and ecological environmental protection is increasing. It is significant to coordinate the development of regional economic, social and ecological environment by objectively assessing the ecological security situation, change rule, influencing factors and conducting accurate early warning of ecological security in time. This study used the PSR model to construct the index system of ecological security evaluation in Anhui, combined with entropy method and AHP method to determine the weight of index, and to carry out the ecological security evaluation and early warning of Anhui from 2008 to 2013. The results showed that: the comprehensive index of ecological security in Anhui was on the rise, and most of the regions were in‘light warning’or‘no warning’; the ecological security index (ESI) was higher in the south and lower in the north; the ESI in southern Anhui was high, that in central Anhui was middle, and that in northern Anhui was low; ecological security in northern Anhui was greatly affected by pressure indicators, in central Anhui was greatly affected by state indicators, and in southern Anhui was greatly affected by response indicators. This study enriches the empirical cases and related theory system of ecological security research at provincial scale, and provides support for the government to make relevant decisions.

  Characteristics of the High Temperature Heat Wave in Beibei of Chongqing in 1951-2016 and Its Impact on the Growth of Flowers and Trees 2018, 34 (27):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090072 Abstract + ( 535 )   To have a deep understanding of the characteristics of high temperature heat wave in Beibei district of Chongqing and the impact on the growth of flowers and trees, the ground meteorological observation data of daily average maximum temperature and extreme maximum temperature in 1951-2016 were studied. Linear regression and mathematical statistics were combined to analyze the changing characteristics of days, frequencies and intensity of the high temperature and heat wave. The results revealed that there were significant inter-annual changes in high temperature days, high temperature heat waves, and the total effective accumulated temperature due to the high temperature in Beibei, with an upward trend in the entire fluctuation. Furthermore, the annual average of 32.5 days of high temperature ≥35℃ and 3.8 times of the high temperature heat wave were observed, and the annual average duration of high temperature heat wave was 24.7 days. Summer drought caused by the high temperature heat wave frequently occurred, within a period of five days among which the 3-day extreme maximum temperature was >35.0℃, the summer drought would affect the normal growth of flowers and trees. If the 3-day extreme maximum temperature was >40.0℃, the summer drought would severely affect the growth of flowers and trees.

  National Agricultural Science and Technology Park: An Empirical Study on Comprehensive Benefits Based on Principal Component Analysis 2018, 34 (27):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070014 Abstract + ( 427 )   To accurately reflect the comprehensive benefits of the national agricultural science and technology park, and carry out its real-time supervision and dynamic management for guiding its healthy and scientific development, based on the method of principal component analysis, 8 indexes were divided into 4 main components of economic resource utilization efficiency, production capacity, utilization efficiency of fixed assets and profitability. The results showed that: the comprehensive income of National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Suzhou Anhui, Tongan Xiamen, Fuxin Liaoning and Wuhan Hubei were relatively high; the Bishan Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Chongqing had the lowest comprehensive income, its economic resource utilization efficiency, production capacity, the utilization efficiency of fixed assets and the park’s profitability were not good enough; the comprehensive score of Yulin National Agricultural Science and Technology Park in Shaanxi was also low, and their capital utilization effect was not very good. This paper summarizes the comprehensive benefit, and forecasts the future development trend of National Agricultural Science and Technology Park.