Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.28 Published:11 October 2018

  Compound Microbial Fertilizer: Effect on Yield and Quality of Potato in Dryland of Southern Ningxia 2018, 34 (28):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040089 Abstract + ( 695 )   A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different compound microbial fertilizers on yield、quality and water use efficiency of potato at rain fed farmland south of Ningxia in 2015. The experiment was made of ‘Zhuang potato No. 3’as the material，To determine the appropriate amount of compound microbial fertilizer.There are 5 treatments in this experiment,farmer conventionl fertilizer treatment（CK）,compound microbial fertilizer 375kg/hm2、750 kg/hm2、1125 kg/hm2、1500 kg/hm2.The results showed that: under the condition of the same amount of conventional fertilizer, increasing compound microorganism fertilizer application rate to improve the plant height, stem diameter and stem number of potato, a significant difference compared with the control (P<0.05). Compound microbial fertilizer increased potato tuber number per plant, yield per plant and medium and large potato percentage. Compared with conventional fertilizer, compound microbial fertilizer increased the contents of reducing sugar, vitamin C, starch and dry matter, and improved the quality of potato. The yield of potato was 1.0%-14.7%, the increase rate of water use efficiency was 4.3%-17.6%. The equation effect of water and fertilizer showed the highest yield or highest water use efficiency of microbial fertilizer amount were 954.8 and 1415 kg/hm2. But the application of 750 kg/hm2 can obtain high yield. So it was proved that reasonable application of compound microorganism fertilizer could be 750-1415 kg/hm2 in the in dryland of southern Ningxia.

  Maize/Vegetable Relay Intercropping Modes in Northern Shanxi: Efficiency Analysis 2018, 34 (28):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050066 Abstract + ( 640 )   [Objective] The study was designed to analyze the three kinds of maize/vegetable relay intercropping mode that were marketed in North Shanxi Province, and to provide the theory base for local farmers when they make choice on the three relay intercropping mode. [Method] The market risks assume was summarized according to the production and efficiency of three relay intercropping mode by three years" test and market trend. [Result]The gross yield of maize/ Brassica oleracea L. shows the greatest volatility in this study, so the market risk is great. The gross yield of maize/Brassica juncea var. is most stable. On the premise of sufficient labor force, corn/ Phaseolus vulgaris is the mode with high gross profit. [Conclusion] In the actual production, farmers can choose the appropriate relay intercropping mode in order to achieve the goal of increasing revenue according to their ability to resist market risk and the prejudgment of market conditions.

  Identification and Evaluation of Photooxidation Resistance of Peanut Varieties 2018, 34 (28):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040048 Abstract + ( 551 )   To evaluate the photooxidation resistance of different peanut varieties and provide a basis for selecting varieties with wide-adaptability, in this study, we used natural condition of high temperature and，high light in summer as photooxidation stress to identify the photooxidation resistance of different peanut varieties. The results showed that in 2015, 8 photooxidation resistant varieties were screened out, accounting for 6.67% of the total, medium resistant varieties accounted for 87.5% and non-resistant varieties 5.83%. In 2017, 45 varieties were selected from samples in 2015 and evaluated. There were 3 varieties, accounting for 6.67% of the total, as tolerant peanut varieties, 51.11% as medium tolerant and 44.22% as non-resistant varieties. There were significant differences in relative chlorophyll contents among peanut varieties with different photooxidation tolerance levels, and the relative chlorophyll contents of different tolerance levels in 2017 were significantly lower than that in 2015. The peanut varieties with obvious photooxidation-resistant differences were obtained, indicating that this method was reliable for evaluating photooxidation resistance of peanut varieties. Moreover the processing time of photooxidation stress should be considered comprehensively according to the temperature and light intensity and research objectives.

  Breeding and Application of Rapeseed Germplasm Resources of Nature Hat Dwarf Compact Type 2018, 34 (28):  17-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020098 Abstract + ( 659 )   To breed rapeseed resources of dwarf and compact type, the microspore culture of filial generation F1 from cross of‘3H004’(female parent) and‘7399-8’(male parent) was carried out and DH separation group was obtained. Phenotypic characteristics of the DH separation group were authenticated by plant height, branch characteristics, length of main inflorescence, the total number of pod, growth period and the oil content in many sites and many years, rapeseed resource‘DH09-3048’was bred, which had natural caps and limited pods of main inflorescence, short flowering phase, focused pod layer, dwarf and compact type of plant. In the test of hybrid combinations, the combinations matched by‘DH09-3048’showed the characteristics of high yield, compact type and lodging resistance and suitable for mechanized harvesting, which had strong application potential.

  Seed Coating Affects the Germination Rate, Yield and Quality of Perilla 2018, 34 (28):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120078 Abstract + ( 680 )   In order to find out the influence of the seed coating on the cultivation of perilla, and to provide guidance for the large-scale and standardized planting techniques of perilla. The study used two kinds of low-toxicity seed coating to treat perilla seeds. The germination rate experiment was used to select the suitable agent and concentration for preilla. the Aikedun seed coating were selected and the adding dose were 16mL per kilogram of seeds. Then the growth potential, yield, quality and resistance were determined Under the seed coating treatment. The results showed that the seedling activity could be improved obviously, and the growth rate of the seedlings of Perilla was increased under the treatment. the seedling rate increased by 7.72% and 31.31% of two strains of perilla, respectively. The yield per mu increased by 33.31kg and 11.15kg, respectively. Under the seed coating treatment, The biomass per plant and yield component traits were increased, thedisease-resistance against rust and powdery mildew and root rot also has significantly increased. But they showed no significant effect on quality of Perilla. This study showed that the addition of 16mL per kilogram of seeds of Aikedun seed coating can effectively promote the growth of seedlings and increase crop yield. The seed coating can be used to the crop farming production of Perilla.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Different Ploidy Varieties of Pteroceltis tatarinowii 2018, 34 (28):  26-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070134 Abstract + ( 450 )   To understand the difference of photosynthetic physiological characteristics and improve the quality of forest trees, the photosynthetic system was used to determine the photosynthetic physiological parameters and change law of artificial mutagenic cultivars, variant diploid leaflets and common diploid varieties. The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate of tetraploid and diploid alpine leaves had a single peak curve, but the peak appeared at different times. The order of LSP from high to low was diploid species[1691.67μmol/(m2·s)]>variantspecies[1657.14μmol/(m2·s)]>tetraploidvarieties[1635.71μmol/(m2·s)], andtheorderofLCP fromhightolowwasvariantspecies[77.43μmol/(m2·s)]>diploidspecies[61.53μmol/(m2·s)]> tetraploid varieties [36.41 μmol/(m2 ·s)]. The order of apparent quantum yield of photosynthesis from high to low was: tetraploid species [0.0132 μmolphotons/(m2 · s)] > diploid species [0.0131 μmolphotons/(m2 · s)] > variant varieties[0.0104 μmolphotons/(m2·s)]. The order of CSP from high to low was diploid species (1371.43 μmol/mol)> variant varieties (1350 μmol/mol) > tetraploid species (1337.5 μmol/mol), and the order of CCP from high to low was variant species (153.17μmol/mol) > diploidspecies 149.48 μmol/mol) > tetrap loidvarieties (129.01μmol/mol), the order of carboxylation efficiency from high to low was diploid species(0.0194)> tetraploid species (0.0180)> variant varieties(0.0165). The leaf chlorophyll content of tetraploid species was significantly higher than that of diploid specie (P<0.05). The chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, chlorophyll a/b, carotenoid /chlorophyll in the leaves of tetraploid species were significantly higher than those of the common diploid species and variant varieties. In conclusion, the assimilation and leaf light conversion efficiency of tetraploid species were higher than that of diploid species. The ability of tetraploid species to use weak light was better than that of diploid species, and more assimilates could be produced under weak light condition.

  Temperature Change Affects Seed Germination of Soil Seed Bank in Seriphidium tranasillense Desert 2018, 34 (28):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070076 Abstract + ( 469 )   The paper aims to explore the response mechanism of seed germination in soil seed bank to temperature change in the future, the authors studied the effect of different temperature treatments (10℃/20℃, 20℃/30℃) on seed germination density, species composition, height and biomass of seedlings in soil seed bank in Seriphidium tranasillense desert by adopting simulation temperature control method. The results showed that: the seed germination quantities of soil seed bank under inside and outside fence and the total soil seed bank decreased after increasing temperature, and the species richness under low temperature was higher than that of high temperature; the inhibition of seed germination in soil seed bank in inside fence was higher than that of outside fence; the warming inhibited the seed germination quantities of S. tranasillense, Malcolmia africana, Piptatherum kokanicum, Lappula myositis, Ceratocarpus arenarius, Stipa capillata, and promoted the germination quantities of Eragrostis minor and Chenopodium serotinum. Warming inhibited the plant height of S. tranasillense and M. africana, decreased the total biomass and height of germination seedlings community, and promoted plant height of E. minor. In conclusion, warming was unfavorable for the seed germination in the soil and its growth of germination seedling in Seriphidium tranasillense desert.

  Effect of Reducing Fertilizer Application on Yield, Quality and Fertilizer Utilization of Greenhouse Cultivation Tomato under Integration of Water and Fertilizer 2018, 34 (28):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070147 Abstract + ( 696 )   To provide scientific management methods of water and fertilizer application, the effects of reducing fertilizer application on yield, output, quality, nutrient uptake and nitrogen utilization efficiency of greenhouse cultivation tomato under integration of water and fertilizer were studied in view of the problems such as excessive and unfavorable fertilization in Wuhu County, Anhui Province. The results showed that: compared with the conventional management system of water and fertilizer, the reduction of 20%-40% N or 20% N, P, K respectively under integration of water and fertilizer could increase yield, output and profit of tomato. There were many influence factors on tomato quality, under this soil fertility condition and fertilization rate, soluble sugar and total soluble solid content decreased, Vc content increased, proper reduction of fertilizer rate was beneficial to increasing the content of lycopene, too much reduction of fertilizer rate decreased lycopene content; reducing fertilizer application under integration of water and fertilizer could increase N fertilizer use efficiency. Considering tomato yield, quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency, the appropriate rates of N, P2O5, K2O were 240, 144, 240 kg/hm2 under this soil fertility condition and fertilization rate, respectively. The authors pointed out that although optimum fertilization, reducing fertilizer application under integration of water and fertilizer could enhance nitrogen use efficiency, the nitrogen use efficiency of greenhouse cultivation tomato was still very low, there was still certain potential to improve the utilization rate of nitrogen.

  Evaluation of Capsaicin Content of Capsicum annuum Germplasm Resources in Sichuan 2018, 34 (28):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080031 Abstract + ( 710 )   To evaluate the capsaicin content of pepper collected in Sichuan and provide references for pepper identification, classification, conservation and breeding, the authors studied the capsaicin content and the morphology of fruits of 83 pepper accessions by using the method of GB/T 21266—2007. The results showed that: (1) the shape and capsaicin content had no significant correlation in these accessions; (2) the variation of capsaicin content was significant, from 0.16 to 22.61 g/kg, with the average content of 2.20 g/kg; (3) the 83 accessions could be divided into five groups according to the capsaicin content, extremely high (2 populations), high (8 populations), normal (18 populations), low (7 populations) and extremely low (48 populations), respectively. This research identified the capsaicin content of some pepper germplasms in Sichuan and provided a theoretical basis for further exploitation of the germplasm resources.

  Effects of Glomus versiforme on Growth and Nutrients Uptake of Cucumis sativus in Continuous Cropping Soil 2018, 34 (28):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050146 Abstract + ( 629 )   To clarify the potential of Glomus versiforme in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles, cucumber is selected as the experimental material. The seeds were inoculated with G. versiforme, and corresponding control was designed respectively. When the seedlings were 40 days old, they were transplanted to continuous cropping soil and sterilized soil, the effects of G. versiforme on growth, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, and microorganism population in rhizosphere of cucumber plant were investigated. The results indicated that the effects of G. versiforme on shoot and root growth varied with soil condition. On the 55th day of emergence, shoot biomass of seedlings inoculated with G. versiforme in continuous cropping soil is 1.81 times that of its corresponding control, and the difference in the shoot biomass between mycorrhizal plant in continuous cropping soil and mycorrhizal seedlings in sterilized soil was not significant. Meanwhile, root biomass of seedlings inoculated with G. versiforme grown in sterilized soil were 1.22 times and 2.11 times that of mycorrhizal seedlings and nonmycorrhizal seedlings grown in continuous cropping soil, respectively. The significant shoot biomass of seedlings in continuous cropping soil is related to nitrogen improvement in leaves, and phosphorus concentration in root was enhanced by G. versiforme in sterilized soil. Moreover, G. versiforme was beneficial to improve soil environment, namely the number of bacteria and fungi in soil was increased and reduced, respectively. Thus, sterilizing or transplanting mycorrhizal seedlings to continuous cropping soil is an effective measure to relieve the continuous obstacle in cucumber facility cultivation.

  Comparative Analysis of Fruit Quality of Wine Grape Clones of ‘Cabernet Franc’‘, Syrah’and‘Pinot Noir’ 2018, 34 (28):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050082 Abstract + ( 575 )   Abstract: This research aims to take advantage of the merits of‘Cabernet Franc’,‘Syrah’and‘Pinot Noir’ clonal lines, and provide a basis for breeding new wine grape varieties with high polyphenol content. Using three clonal lines of‘Cabernet Franc’, two clonal lines of‘Syrah’and‘Pinot Noir’as materials, the cluster weight, average berry mass and soluble solid content, titratable acid content, the ratio of peel to pulp, and juice yield were measured, total anthocyanins content in pericarp, total polyphenol, tannin, total flavonoid and proanthocyanidin in pericarp, flesh and seed were evaluated using colorimetric method. There were differences in the fruit quality of‘Cabernet Franc’,‘Syrah’and‘Pinot Noir’, and also differences among various clonal lines. The content of phenolics in peel and pulp of‘Pinot Noir 115’was relatively high, but they were much higher in the seeds of‘Pinot Noir 667’.‘Syrah 100’had relatively high content of total anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins in the peel, tannins in the pulp and total flavonoid in the seeds.‘Cabernet Franc 327’had the highest content of total anthocyanins, total phenols and tannins in the pulp, and proanthocyanidin content in the seeds, while‘Cabernet Franc c214’had the highest content of total phenols, tannins, and total flavonoids in the seeds, however‘Cabernet Franc 409’had the highest content of total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins in the peel and total flavonoids in the pulp.

  Primary exploration of N, P and K uptake in different organs in wolfberry tree and its rational application rates 李云翔,赵 营,尹志荣,刘晓彤,罗健航 and 张学军 2018, 34 (28):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050055 Abstract + ( 496 )   The paper aims to uncover the characteristics of N, P and K uptake in different organs in wolfberry tree, and propose the reasonable application rates of chemical fertilizers. As the object of seven-years old tree and four-years young tree of wolfberries ‘Ningqi No.1’, the field experiments were conducted to study on the dynamics of N, P and K contents in fruit, branch and leaf, and investigate the dynamics of dry/fresh fruits yield and N, P and K uptake during the annual growth period in wolfberry tree, and provide the recommended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. The results indicated that nutrients contents in fruit, branch, and leaf in wolfberry tree were N>K>P. Total N and total K contents in branch were changed by double peak of “M” type, and total N contents in leaf were described by inverted “V” type. Total N and total K contents in different organs were in large variation, however, that of total P contents were little changed. Dynamics of dry/fresh fruits yield and N, P and K uptake in wolfberry were changed by the parabolic curves during summer and autumn fruit period, respectively; and the peak periods of nutrients accumulation in fruit were happened in the middle July and October, respectively. Relationships of yield and N, P2O5, K2O application rates were obeyed for quadratic curves, the recommended application rates of chemical fertilizers were N of 431-510 kg/hm2, P2O5 of 239-282 kg/hm2, and K2O of 362-379 kg/hm2 in young wolfberry tree. Therefore, N and K are the important nutrient elements in the different organs in wolfberry tree during the growth period, so as supplemental enough nutrients supplying of tree body by topdressing in the peak of nutrients demand.

  Introduction and Cultivation of 20 Cultivars of Iris germanica 2018, 34 (28):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070063 Abstract + ( 566 )   The paper aims to discuss the possibility of wide cultivation of Iris germanica in Kunming, and then enrich the flower resource type in Kunming. Cultivation and blooming of 20 cultivars of I. germanica introduced from Holland were studied, and a grey correlation analysis was carried out on main characters of the cultivars. The experimental results showed that: I. germanica had a good cultural adaptability in Kunming, and the survival rate of most cultivars could reach above 85% . According to the grey correlation analysis, ‘Timescape’,‘Batik’,‘On Edge’and‘Rustic Ceddar’had a good correlation with ideal reference cultivars, so the four cultivars were recommended to be planted in Kunming.

  Developmental Morphology of Regenerative Roots of Gentiana scabra 2018, 34 (28):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050162 Abstract + ( 384 )   To understand the development process of regenerative roots on the excised roots, this study used conventional paraffin sectioning techniques to explore the replantation development process on the excised root after taking medicinal ingredients in Gentiana scabra. The results showed that the adventitious root structure of three-year-old G. scabra was composed of cortex and vascular cylinder. There was no periderm on the lateral cortex, and the formation layer did not form a complete ring. The secondary xylem was not developed. The adventitious roots on the excised root were formed by some cambium cells division, and then these cells divided rapidly to form the meristematic cell clusters. These meristematic cell clusters grew in a unidirectional polarity and formed root primordia directly. Multiple root primordia were formed from the excised root surface. The occurrence of adventitious roots, without the formation of callus, belonged to the type of direct organogenesis. The regeneration time of different plants was slightly different, and there was also developmental unsynchronization in the same root system. Under indoor condition, the regeneration cycle of reproductive roots took about 15 days. These roots could grow to a certain length and thickness in the autumn of that year. Therefore, the regenerative roots of rough gentian roots belong to the type of direct organogenesis. The meristematic cell masses originate from some cells near the formation layer. These regenerative roots can meet the harvesting standards after a growing season.

  Uncaria rhynchophylla (Mip.) Jack: Callus Induction and Plantlet Regeneration 2018, 34 (28):  78-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070130 Abstract + ( 506 )   The paper aims to build callus induction and plantlet regeneration system for Uncaria rhynchophylla (Mip.) Jack. The authors took the fresh stems, shoots and leaves as explants to conduct the induction and differentiation of callus, and the rooting and transplantation of seedlings by optimizing hormone combination, to establish the callus induction and plantlet regeneration system of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Mip.) Jack. The results showed that: the callus of the fresh shoot of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Mip.) Jack as explant was better, its pollution rate was low, and the callus growth was faster after subculture; the optimal medium for callus induction was WPM+2.0 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L 6-BA; for re-differentiation WPM+2.0 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA; and for rooting 1/2WPM+1.0 mg/L IBA; the callus induction, re-differentiation and rooting rate was 83.3%, 82.3% and 92%, respectively. In conclusion, the callus is induced by the explants of fresh shoots and the plants are regenerated successfully, and the results obtained can be used to solve the resource and quality problems of the artificial cultivation of Uncaria rhynchophylla (Mip.) Jack, and to lay a foundation for cell culture and molecular genetic improvement.

  Organic Material After One Year Mineralization Under Same C/N Ratio: The Effect on Soil Nutrients 2018, 34 (28):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070115 Abstract + ( 468 )   The paper aims to explore the delayed effect of different types of organic material after one year mineralization. A pot experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) without organic material application (TCK); (2) adding maize straw (TS); (3) adding pig manure (TM); (4) adding biochar (TB). Carbon/nitrogen (C/N) of all the four treatments were adjusted as 25:1 in the first year. After a year of mineralization, the major indexes of soil nutrients were measured and analyzed. The results showed that manure and maize straw significantly improved the activity of soil enzymes that related to C and N metabolism. The soil urease activity was significantly enhanced under TM treatment with the maximum value of 2.91 mg/(g·d); while the highest activity of soil sucrose appeared on TS treatment [17.02 mg/(g·d)]. Compared to TCK, the application of organic materials could improve soil nitrogen content after a year of mineralization. Therein, all the forms of soil nitrogen significantly increased under TM. Meanwhile, the content of soil available potassium and organic carbon remarkably increased under the TM and TB treatments with the max value of 1101 mg/kg and 54.56 g/kg, respectively. The max value of soil available phosphorus was found under TM (i.e.727.95 mg/kg). In brief, after a year of mineralization with the same C/N ratio, pig manure and biochar application can significantly improve soil nutrient content in tobacco-planting area of central Henan Province.

  Straw Mulching in Walnut Orchards: Effect on Soil Properties, Fruit Yield and Quality 2018, 34 (28):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040142 Abstract + ( 463 )   TTaking 15-year-old ‘Liaoning 1’ walnut trees as test material, we studied the effect of straw mulching (SM) on changes of soil water temperature, organic matter content, root growth and fruit yield and quality of walnut orchard in northern dryland. The results showed that: straw mulching could increase soil temperature at lower air temperature and decreased soil temperature at higher air temperature; moreover, straw mulching could effectively improve the soil moisture content at 0-40 cm, and significantly increased the soil organic matter content at 0-60 cm soil layer; compared with CK, straw mulching increased the length and surface area of the fine roots of the 0-60 cm soil, and significantly increased the oil content and yield of the fruit. Therefore, the appliance of SM in the walnut orchard has the effect of storage and preservation of soil moisture and increase the soil fertility, in order to improve the fruit yield.

  The Evolution Characteristics of Climatic Suitability of Coldland Soybean in Heilongjiang Province 2018, 34 (28):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050087 Abstract + ( 538 )   Understanding the adaptability of soybean growth to climate change in cold area is of great significance for maintaining high and stable yield of soybean, ensuring domestic soybean supply and international trade order. Based on the daily meteorological data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang province from 1961 to 2016, the spatial-temporal characteristics and the periodic changes of climatic suitability of soybean in cold region at different growth stages were studied by spatial interpolation and wavelet analysis. The results showed that: from 1961 to 2016, there was a increasing trend of the temperature suitability during the whole growth period of soybean in cold region, the increase rate was 0.0075/10 a, but its interannual fluctuation was stable. The increase trend in zone Ⅳ with poor heat condition was the most significant. While the sunshine suitability showed a decreasing trend, the decrease rate was 0.0089/10 a, and its interannual fluctuation was relatively stable, the decreasing trend in zone Ⅱ was the most significant. The decreasing trend of water suitability was not significant, the decrease rate was 0.0004/10 a, but its interannual fluctuation was relatively violent, and the fluctuation in zone Ⅱwith poor water condition was the most intense. The decreasing trend of comprehensive climatic suitability was not significant, the decrease rate was 0.0004/10 a, and under the synergistic effect of light, temperature and water，its interannual fluctuation was generally stable. The spatio-temporal characteristic of comprehensive climatic suitability was similar to its of water suitability. The main period of the average climatic suitability of the whole province was 5a, and in each region was 5~7a.

  The Critical Temperature Steadily Passed 10℃ in Guinan Region of Qinghai During 1961-2017: Variation Characteristics 2018, 34 (28):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040073 Abstract + ( 469 )   The paper aims to provide a scientific basis for rationally utilizing climate resource and distribution of agricultural production. Based on the daily temperature data of Guinan Meteorological Bureau in Qinghai during 1961—2017,the spatiotemporal changes of the first date, final date,duration,and accumulated temperature were analyzed when the temperature reached 10℃ or higher, using the methods of linear regression,accumulative anomaly,T-test.The results showed that accumulated temperature,duration,first date, all showed a significant increasing tendency, and final date showed a insignificant increasing tendency during 1961—2017,with the rates of 3.2 d.10a-1、4.8 d.10a-1和65.6 (℃.d).10a-1,and the final date with the rates of 1.1 d.10a-1.The beginning date with the temperature stability through 10℃ had a advanced climate abrupt in 1994,the ending date with the temperature stability through 10℃ had a delay climate abrupt in 1988,the durations, accumulated temperature had a increased climate abrupt in 1993.

  A Severe Convective Process on the Edge of Subtropical High in Zhejiang 2018, 34 (28):  106-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050011 Abstract + ( 783 )   Exploring the cause of strong convective weather in Zhejiang will improve meteorological service for agricultural production. In this paper, the conventional observation data, NCEP reanalysis data and Doppler weather radar data were used to analyze widespread gale and a hail weather process occurred in Zhejiang on August 17, 2017. The results showed that: (1) the strong convection weather process generated under the condition of weak convection, with the eastward and southwest airflow of the high groove increasing, the dynamic conditions, thermal conditions and water vapor conditions were improved, and the unstable stratification was strengthened, local geothermal convection, low-level shear and ground convergence were the trigger condition; (2) vertically integrated water content density was an important radar indicator of the hail, in addition, the hail probability was very high when the local VIL/ET≥3.9 in Zhejiang; (3) the rapid drop of the echo centroid of thunderstorm indicated the occurrence of the gale weather, the dry inflow jet behind the thunderstorm was conducive to the development of the system and the formation of squall lines, long-time maintenance of large stratiform precipitation echoes after the decrease of thunderstorm was the main cause of heavy rainfall; (4) there were two main stages of gale weather, one was caused by the eastward movement of squall line and the other was the increase of single storm after squall line weakening, the weak mesocyclone inside the squall line was one of the main causes of the gale along the Hangzhou Bay coast, the increase of storms into the sea might be caused by the difference of thermal properties between sea and land.

  Underground Pests in Major Crops’Field in Hebei: Species and Distribution Characteristics 2018, 34 (28):  114-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070086 Abstract + ( 653 )   To clarify the species composition and distribution characteristics of underground pests in field of different crops in Hebei under the existing farming system, the authors investigated the underground pests of main crops in different regions of Hebei from 2011 to 2014 by digging method. The results showed that: the general occurrence characteristics of underground pests were obviously different in different years and the grubs and wireworms accounted for 80%-90% of all underground pest species; there were great differences in the occurrence of underground pests in different areas, the number of insect pests in Bashang area and coastal area was relatively low, (0.96±0.11) and (2.31±0.75) head/m2, respectively, while the mountain front plain had big insect quantity reaching (8.09±3.28) head/m2. According to the occurrence of pests in different crop fields, potato and naked oats field were dominated by wireworms which accounted for 60%- 70% of all the underground pests; wheat and corn fields were dominated by grub, accounting for 75%-80%; grub were the dominant species in peanut field, accounting for more than 90%. According to the influence of various factors such as distribution area, soil structure and crop species, the authors put forward the classified control strategies of underground pests in different regions.

  Lethal Effect of Heat Treatment on Insect States of Callosobruchus chinensis 2018, 34 (28):  120-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050001 Abstract + ( 509 )   To obtain the temperature and time of the total control of Callosobruchus chinensis, the most tolerated high temperature was tested. We selected 35, 45 and 55℃ to treat the eggs, larvae, pupa and adults of C. chinensis for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, respectively. The mortality rates of C. chinensis after different treatments were determined. The results showed that the most heat- resistant insect state of C. chinensis was the pupa stage. After treatment of 150 min at 55℃ during the pupa stage, the mortality rate of the C. chinensis reached 100%. Therefore, it is feasible to use high temperature to prevent and control C. chinensis in storage.

  Winter Jujube: Technology Integrated Application and Effect Analysis of Bee Pollination and Pest Green Control 2018, 34 (28):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080064 Abstract + ( 596 )   Over-reliance on hormones and chemical pesticides during the pollination and pest control often appeared in large-scale planting of winter jujube. To solve these two problems, a demonstration area was established to explore the integrated application of bee pollination and pest green control techniques. Moreover, a complete set of techniques related to bee protection, fruit safety and enhancement of bee pollination efficiency were also integrated. The effects of bee pollination and its effective radius on fruit setting and development were mainly analyzed via field plot tests. The results showed that the effective pollination radius was 150 m. Compared with conventional gibberellin pollination, the fruit deformity rate was reduced by 57.14% under bee pollination. Under the same condition, the weight of longitudinal stem, longitudinal perimeter and fruit weight increased by 2.25 mm, 6.72 mm and 1.43 g, respectively. In addition, both of fruit quality and fruit commodity rate were improved significantly through bee pollination. In detail, compared with gibberellin pollination, the fruit commodity rate increased by 7.1% under bee pollination, and the market price was raised by 1.5 yuan per kilogram accordingly. In conclusion, gibberellin pollination can be replaced by bee pollination, the latter could ensure fruit setting, reduce the fruit deformity rate, promote fruit quality and increase the income of growers.

  Comparison of Yield and Quality Characteristics of 14 Alfalfa Varieties in Dongting Lake Area 2018, 34 (28):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110130 Abstract + ( 657 )   To screen out high quality alfalfa varieties suitable for the climate of Dongting Lake area, the yield and quality characteristics of 14 varieties of alfalfa were evaluated in Hanshou County, Changde City, Hunan Province. The results indicated that the first year of planting had five times mowing, the first batch hay yield was the highest, and the yield of hay decreased with the increase of the mowing number. There was a significant correlation between the average height of the whole year and the dormancy grade (P＜0.01), the plant height of the high dormancy grade variety was significantly higher than that of the low dormancy grade variety. The quality of all varieties of hay reached the special grade or primary standard, and five varieties ‘WL525’,‘55v12’,‘Jili’,‘Nanmu 701’,‘L656’ranked top, suitable for growing in Dongting Lake area.

  RES Addition in IVM Medium Affects Development and Anti-freezing Ability of Porcine MII Stage Oocytes in Vitro 2018, 34 (28):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070057 Abstract + ( 527 )   The purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of RES addition in IVM medium on in vitro development and anti-freezing ability of porcine oocytes. Different concentrations of RES were added in IVM media, the in vitro developmental ability and the expression levels of related genes were analyzed. After open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification and thawing, the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), early stage apoptotic level and parthenogenetic developmental ability of porcine oocytes were analyzed. The results were as follows. (1) 2 μmol/L RES addition could improve the IVM rate and parthenogenetic cleavage rate, a high concentration of RES addition (10 μmol/L) showed a cytotoxic effect on the developmental ability; (2) 2 μmol/L RES addition in IVM medium significantly improved the expression levels of Sirt1, MATER, SOD1 and Bcl2, and decreased the expression levels of c-mos, MAPK and Mfn2; when the RES was 10 μmol/L, the expression of apoptotic related genes presented proapoptotic status; (3) ROS levels in fresh or vitrified oocytes of RES addition groups were lower than that of control group, ATP contents and ΔΨm values were higher than those of control group without RES addition; (4) RES addition in IVM medium increased the FDA survival and parthenogenetic cleavage rates, and decreased the early stage apoptotic rate than those of control group without RES addition. In conclusion, 2 μmol/L RES addition in porcine IVM medium can lead to better gene expression levels, increase mitochondrial function, then improve the development and anti-freezing ability of porcine oocytes

  Effect of Controlled-atmosphere on Storage Quality of‘Zaoshengxinshui’Pear 2018, 34 (28):  143-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080080 Abstract + ( 403 )   To study the effect of controlled- atmosphere on quality of‘Zaoshengxinshui’during lowtemperature and shelf-life, the changes of sugar and acid metabolism, fruit skin color, brown, weight loss, bad fruit were investigated. The results showed that the fruit peel and core of CK was browning and the inherent flavor was loss after stored at low-temperature for 60 d and shelf-life for 3 d. The peel, pulp and core of treatment Ⅴ(1% O2, 5% CO2, 94% N2) fruits were from brown to dark, fruit juice spilled and flesh was water stained. The appropriate composition of O2, and CO2 could inhibit the loss of fruit sugar, the brown of peel and fruit during low-temperature storage and shelf-life. All these showed that the composition of 1% CO2, 8% O2 and 92% N2 could inhibit the decrease of firmness with skin, inhibit the degradation of glucose, fructose and sorbitol, inhibit the degradation and oxidation of chlorophyll, postpone the brown, and keep the inherent flavor better. 1% CO2, 8% O2 and 92% N2, combined with cold storage parameters [low-temperature of (1±0.5)℃ and RH of 80%-85%] could prolong the storage time of‘Zaoshengxinshui’to 60 d and the shelf-life time for 3 d.

  Dynamic Changes of Ester-type Aconitine in the Processing of Peeled Fried Aconite 2018, 34 (28):  153-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060013 Abstract + ( 480 )   To reveal the mechanism of high- temperature water- free processing of aconite and study the differences in the conversion of active ingredients in different processing techniques, the peeled fried aconite (Chaofupian) was used as the research object, and samples were taken during the actual production process through the cooperation with manufacturers. The HPLC method was used to study the dynamic changes of the six kinds of ester-type aconitine, which were obtained from the peeled Chaofupian. The gradient elution was performed using acetonitrile-tetrahydrofuran and ammonium acetate aqueous acetic acid as the mobile phase. The results showed that aconitine (AC) and mesaconitine (MA) disappeared within two minutes of frying, and hypaconitine (HA) decreased to 18.1%. In the three monoester-type aconitine, 14-benzoylhypaconine (BHA) increased to 48.5% of the maximum value at 2 minutes of frying, 14-benzoylmesaconine (BMA) increased to 62.2%, and 14-benzoylaconine (BAC) rose to 70.3%. When frying for 4 minutes, they rose to 100%, 96.1% and 74.4% of the maximum, respectively. The total diester- type aconitine remained only 12.2% after 2 minutes of frying, the total monoester-type aconitine increased to 59.1% of the maximum value at 2 minutes, and rose to 98.6% at 4 minutes. The total ester-type aconitine decreased to 54.8% at 2 minutes, recovered to 79.1% at 4 minutes, and then remained at a level of 79.1% to 80.5%, and decreased again to 78.0% at 10 minutes. It could be seen from the measurement results that the conversion interval of the diester aconitine to the monoester aconitine is within 4 minutes of frying. There is inconsistency between the decrease range of the monoester aconitine and the rise range of the diester aconitine. The total ester aconitine content decrease first and then increase. It is speculated that there may be a reaction intermediate in the conversion of the diester aconitine to the monoester aconitine.

  Fermentation Process of Pachyrhizus Yogurt 2018, 34 (28):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050116 Abstract + ( 386 )   By studying the processing technology of pachyrhizus yoghurt and optimize it by single- factor experiment and orthogonal test method, we aim to provide technical references for the production. Taking pachyrhizus and fresh milk as main raw materials, single factor experiments were carried out with bacillus: cocci, inoculation amount, pachyrhizus: milk, sugar addition amount, fermentation time and fermentation temperature as factors. Then four factors including bacillus: cocci, inoculation amount, pachyrhizus: milk, sugar addition amount were selected, and L9(34) orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the technological condition of pachyrhizus lactic acid fermentation with pachyrhizus yoghurt sensory as the standard. The best fermentation condition and the recipe are as follows: bacillus: coccus= 2:3, pachyrhizus: milk= 2:3, inoculation amount 5%, sugar content (in sucrose) 6%, fermented temperature 43℃,and fermented time 4 hours. The study improves the application of pachyrhizus, enriches the types of yogurt, and meets the need of the market.