Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.26 Published:19 September 2018

  Low Temperature in Mid and Late Rice Growth Period in Sanjiang Plain: Effect on Rice Quality 2018, 34 (26):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080120 Abstract + ( 1396 )   Three major rice varieties of Sanjiang plain,‘Longjing 29’,‘Longjing 31’and‘Longjing 46’are chosen as materials and treated under low temperature at the heading and filling stages with artificial climate box in order to reveal the effect of low temperature on rice quality during mid and late growth period by analyzing rice appearance quality, nutritional quality and RVA profile parameter. The results indicated that: low temperature treatment at the heading and late filling stage greatly affected rice appearance quality; the protein content increased significantly at each growth stage while RVA primary parameter decreased; amylose content and RVA secondary parameter went upwards and downwards respectively on account of genotypic differences. Among all the characters studied, 17 pairs had extremely significant correlations and 5 pairs had significant correlations. The peak viscosity had the greatest correlation with 6 characters, and chalky rice rate had correlations with 5 characters. The results also showed that every character had correlation with two or above two characters. Based on the effect of low temperature on rice quality, this experiment provides references not only for rice quality certification in Sanjiang plain, but also for rice cultivation and resistance breeding.

  The Flowering Habit of Photoperiod and Temperature Sensitive Genic Male-sterile (PTGMS) of Indica Rice 2018, 34 (26):  8-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120114 Abstract + ( 1135 )   The aim was to provide theoretical basis for high-yielding seed production of two line sterile lines. Using ‘Guangzhan63-4s’ as a control,the flowering habits of the sterile lines were determined in the same period of time (flowering period, day by day flowering dynamics of single spike , flowering time distribution dynamics, Stigma characteristics, cervix rate and Glume opening characteristics, etc.) ‘F168s’ single spike and single plant flowering period were the longest;‘Xinfeng9826s’ and ‘Xinai10-4s’ flowering period are more concentrated than the control ,their cumulative flowering rate during the flowering period higher and their flowering peak are higher; Except for ‘F168s’, flowering rate of other male sterile lines are higher than that of control; Except for ‘Xinfeng9826s’, the flowering rate of the other male sterile lines at noon are lower than the control; The total exposure rate of stigma and the double exposure rate of stigma in ‘F168s’ is the highest;The stigma single exposure rate in ‘Xinai10-4s’ is the highest;‘F168s’ stigma surface area and the stigma volume are the largest, the stigma activity coefficient is the largest, the stigma vitality is the strongest; Except for ‘Xinfeng9826s’,the other sterile lines have neck wrapping phenomenon; The glume opening time of all the sterile lines are more than that of the control ,and ‘Xinai10-4s’ is the most longest; Except for ‘Xinfeng9826s’,the spacing and glume angle of other sterile lines are larger than those of control, ‘F168s’ is the largest. Hybrids of sterile lines make best use of the advantages and bypass the disadvantages and artificial supplementary measures are adopted to improve the yield of hybrid seed production.

  The Relationship Between Root Physiology and Grain Filling of Superior and Inferior Spikelets of Conventional Japonica Rice Along Yellow River Under Different Nitrogen Levels 2018, 34 (26):  15-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100041 Abstract + ( 1355 )   The paper aims at studying the relationship between root physiology and superior and inferior spikelets filling of two conventional japonica rice cultivars under different N levels. Two conventional japonica rice cultivars in region along yellow river,'' Zhengdao 19'' and ''Zhengdao 20'' were used for the study. Five nitrogen (N) levels, no N application and the N rate at 90 kg/ha, 180 kg/ha, 270 kg/ha and at 360 kg/ha were conducted. A field experiment was conducted to observe root physiology and superior and inferior spikelets filling of two japonica rice cultivars under different N levels. The results showed that the yield of two rice cultivars increased first and then decreased significantly with the increase of N application rate, The grain weight, grain filling rate, maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate in superior and inferior of two japonica rice cultivars were decreased or significantly decreased with the increase of N application rate, the time to reach the maximum grain filling rate and active filling stage increase or increase significantly with the increase of N application rate. The grain weight of inferior spikelets was lighter, the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of inferior spikelets were smaller, the time of reaching the maximum grain filling rate was later and the active filling period was longer than the superior spikelets. The root oxidation activity, root zeatin + zeatin riboside content and root active absorption surface area of two japonica rice cultivars decreased and decrease gradually increased after heading, above root physiological characteristics increased first and then decreased. The correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate of superior and inferior spikelets was significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with above root physiological characteristics at early grain filling stage, the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of superior spikelets were significantly or extremely significantly negatively correlated with above root physiological characteristics, while the maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate of inferior spikelets were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with above root physiological characteristics.

  Effect of Nutrients Ratios on Growth and Development and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Tobacco Under Drip Irrigation 2018, 34 (26):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090101 Abstract + ( 1251 )   To investigate the effect of different ratios of nutrients on growth and development and photosynthetic characteristics of tobacco under the condition of drip irrigation, the water and fertilizer experiment that used‘NC55’as experiment material was conducted, to compare and analyze plant height, leaf area, photosynthetic rate, and chlorophyll under six different ratios of nutrients. The results showed that by topdressing high nitrogen water soluble fertilizer in tobacco field 28 days after transplanting (N:P:K = 30:10:10), top- dressing water soluble fertilizer 35 days after transplanting (N:P:K=15:15:30), and top- dressing high potassium water soluble fertilizer 42 days after transplanting (N:P:K=12:8:38), or top- dressing potassium nitrate 28, 35, and 42 days after transplanting, better leaf area and plant height could be obtained, as well as more accumulated dry matter, and high net photosynthetic rate in vigorous growing stage. At the same time, the treatment could also get higher total chlorophyll and carotenoid content in earlier growing stage, and had obvious degradation of chlorophyll and carotenoid in late growth stage, which is good for harvest.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application Amounts on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Flue-Cured Tobacco Variety‘Xiangyan 5’ 2018, 34 (26):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120101 Abstract + ( 1274 )   Field experiments and chemical components analysis were conducted to study the effects of different nitrogen application amounts on agronomic traits, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco variety‘Xiangyan 5’, to provide a basis for large scale extension. The results showed that 135-142.5 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen could promote the normal growth of tobacco plants, form“medium tobacco plants”type and ensure leaf mature at moderate time. The flue-cured tobacco leaves had appropriate thickness with loose structure, medium identity, dense color, rich oil content and mainly in golden color. Different nitrogen application amounts affected tobacco economic factors, such as yield, output value, average price, and the proportion of upper- middle tobacco. T2 treatment (135 kg/hm2) had the best effects, compare with the control, the yield increased by 370.35 kg/hm2, 15.12 percentage, the output value increased by 12374.4 yuan/hm2, 21.82 percentage, the average price increased by 1.34 yuan/kg, 5.78 percentage, the percentage of upper tobacco leaf was raised by 6.01 percentage, and the sugar alkali ratio, nitrogen alkali ratio, and potassium chlorine ratio of flue-cured leaves were suitable, the internal chemical components of tobacco leaves were coordinated. Therefore, it is suggested that 135 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen should be the best rate in plating of flue- cured tobacco variety ‘Xiangyan 5’in southern Hunan tobacco area.

  Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on Growth and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2018, 34 (26):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080119 Abstract + ( 401 )   To study the effects of different microbial fertilizers on tobacco, two kinds of microbial fertilizers were used as test fertilizer and‘Yunyan 87’was used as the test material. A comparison experiment was carried out on growth, agronomic traits, disease resistance, tobacco qualities and their main economic characteristics. The results showed that the average growth period of the three treatments was 101 days. Compared with the control, the yield and output value of tobacco increased by 115.50 kg/hm2 and 4806.45 yuan/hm2 by using the Engran microbial fertilizer, and the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 2.73%. In addition, the structure of tobacco leaves was sparse, and leaves had a little oil, and the chemical components were better than the control. The tobacco with Engran microbial agent had better disease resistance than other treatments. Compared with the control, the yield and output value of tobacco with Baode biological fertilizer increased by 49.50 kg/hm2 and 1669.80 yuan/hm2, respectively, and the proportion of superior tobacco increased by 1.01% compared with that of the control. At the same time, the structure of tobacco leaf was slightly dense, and the leaves had less oil, and the weight of simple leaf was the heaviest in the three treatments. Overall, the chemical components of tobacco leaf were optimal with Baode biological fertilizer. In general, both microbial fertilizers could increase the yield, the Engran microbial agent has better effect on field growth, but lower tobacco quality compared with Baode biological fertilizer. The tobacco with Baode biological fertilizer has better coordination of intrinsic chemical components and superior sensory evaluation.

  Separation and purification of the signal molecules of Bacillus subtilis 2018, 34 (26):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090005 Abstract + ( 563 )   To obtain high- purity signal molecules secreted by B. subtilis and to explore the effect on the bacteriocin produced by L. paracasei HD1.7, the signal molecules were separated and purified by hollow fiber system and ion exchange chromatography in this study. SDS-PAGE was used to detect the purity and apparent molecular weight of signal molecules. The effect of signal molecules on L. paracasei HD1.7 bacteriocin was analyzed by antibacterial test. The results showed that three elution peaks occurred when pH 4.0 NaAc + NaCl solution was used as eluent, and the antimicrobial activity of L. paracasei HD1.7 added with elution peak P3 was higher than that of the original strain by 11.31%. However, the addition of elution peak P1 and P2 did not increase the antibacterial activity of L. paracasei HD1.7 compared with the original strain. Thus, P3 was the target elution peak containing the signal molecule, and the elution peak P3 was a single band detected by SDSPAGE. The optimal chromatographic condition was: ion exchange chromatography eluent (B eluent) was NaAc+ NaCl solution with pH 4.0, equilibrium eluent (A eluent) was NaAc solution with pH 4.0, the flow rate was 2 mL/min. SDS- PAGE analysis showed that a band appeared with molecule mass about 5 kDa. Subsequent antibacterial tests indicated that B. subtilis signal molecular in the chromatography solution could promote L. paracasei HD1.7 producing barteriocins.

  Amino Acid Sequence Analysis of 7s Globulin (β-conglycinin) of Soybean 杨青春, and 张保亮 2018, 34 (26):  48-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070111 Abstract + ( 533 )   To study the effect of amino acid composition of different subunits of 7s globulin (β -conglycinin) on the nutritional quality of soybean, the amino acid sequence compositions and comparison of 7s globulin (β -conglycinin) subunit of soybean submitted to GenBank database were studied by means of bioinformatics software (BIOEDIT and DNAMAN). The results showed that the contents of tryptophan, methionine and cystine in the three subunits were lower, and theβ- subunit was free of tryptophan. The three subunits were rich in glutamic acid and leucine, the content of glutamic acid was the highest inα -subunit, which was 13.16%, and the content of leucine in β- subunit was the highest, which was 10.48% . Glutamine, arginine and serine content were also relatively high. Amino acid sequence alignment analysis showed that there were more conserved sequences, and the homologous tree showed that the genetic relationship among the three subunits was close.

  Estimating Aboveground Biomass of Robinia pseudoacacia in the Yellow River Delta Based on UAV Airborne Laser Radar 2018, 34 (26):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050091 Abstract + ( 728 )   The aim is to calculate the aboveground biomass of Robinia pseudoacacia in Gudao forest farm of the Yellow River Delta based on UAV airborne laser radar. Taking the R. pseudoacacia forest in the island forest of the Yellow River Delta as the research object, using the UAV airborne laser radar data, the watershed segmentation algorithm was used to extract the height and the crown diameter of the R. pseudoacacia in the island forest from the single wood scale; then the backpack mobile radar was used to fit eight samples. The DBH was combined with the allometric growth equation to calculate the biomass of 8 plots of R. pseudoacacia forests from the single wood scale. To verify the results, the measured tree height and DBH were used to validate the single wood structure parameters extracted from the radar data. The tree height and crown diameter extracted by UAV LIDAR and the logarithmic form of logarithm and product logarithm of the UAV were used to construct and estimate the aboveground biomass model of R. pseudoacacia and discuss the uncertainties in the model estimation process. Biomass distribution map was obtained, and previous research on the health status of the island-specific R. pseudoacacia was analyzed. The results showed that: (1) based on the watershed segmentation algorithm, the single wood structure parameters of the R. pseudoacacia could be extracted from the UAV LIDAR data accurately; (2) the logarithmic model of the product of crown and tree height (R2=0.82, RMSE=3.66 kg/plant) was superior to the non-logarithmic model (R2=0.58, RMSE=6.73 kg/plant) and was better than the logarithm model (R2=0.76, RMSE=4.52 kg/plant); (3) there was a certain degree of uncertainty in the model construction process, this uncertainty mainly came from the single wood recognition process; (4) there was a strong correlation between the aboveground biomass and its health status.

  Impact of Forest Litter Decomposition on Soil Carbon Pool: A Review 2018, 34 (26):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040053 Abstract + ( 710 )   Litter decomposition has far-reaching impact on the forest ecosystem soil carbon pool. This paper summarized the domestic and foreign related researches in recent years, briefly described the litter decomposition process and study methods, and analyzed the effects of litter decomposition on soil carbon pool by soil respiration, soil organic carbon, soil microbial biomass carbon, soil carbon mineralization and physicochemical properties. In response to the questions existing in the current research on litter decomposition, we pointed out that it was necessary to use new experiment methods, such as 13C isotope tracer method; monitoring the dynamic changes of lignin during the decomposition process; using multi factor cross analysis to approach the actual situation; and studying the decomposition of litter in a large space-time scale.

  Exogenous Nutrition Bag in Morels Cultivation: Research Progress 2018, 34 (26):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030082 Abstract + ( 1063 )   Morels (Morchella spp.) cultivation is booming in our country. However, the function of the exogenous nutrient bags, the key technical link in morels cultivation, is still unclear. In this study, the function of exogenous nutrition bags is analyzed based on the literature reviews and scientific research and production practices. The processing of the morels cultivation using the combination of nutrient poor substratum (soil) and nutrient rich substratum (nutrition bags) is clearly divided into four periods: mycelial growth in soil, mycelial growth in nutrition bags, sclerotial formation in soil and sclerotia induced to produce fruiting bodies. During the trigger and development of sclerotia, translocation of nutrients occurs from the mycelia in the bags that serve as a source to the growth center sclerotia that act as a sink. Thus, the mycelia in the bags translocate their nutrients to the mycelium and sclerotia in soil for the sclerotia initial and formation.

  Fruit Quality of Strawberry Cultivars Under Half-substrate Cultivation in Beijing Suburb 2018, 34 (26):  70-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110034 Abstract + ( 471 )   At present, strawberry industry is changing from yield type to flavor quality type. It is important to screen out strawberry cultivars with high quality and high yield from farms of different scales in Beijing suburb. Taking‘Daiyan’,‘Beinihoope’,‘Sanandreas’,‘Yuexin’,‘Jingzangxiang’,‘Taoxun’,‘Suizhu’,‘Baili’, ‘Shengdanhong’,‘Akihime’as experimental materials, the appearance, fruit quality, mineral nutrition and disease resistance index under semi matrix cultivation were analyzed to provide guidance on scientific selection of cultivars. The results suggest that: compared with other cultivars,‘Suizhu’,‘Akihime’and ‘Shengdanhong’mature earlier and their fruit are bright and resistant to storage and transportation; vitamin C and soluble solids content are high in the fruit, calcium iron and zinc are rich in fruit pulp.‘Beinihoope’has the highest vitamin C, potassium magnesium, zinc and soluble solids in the fruit pulp, as well as good taste and high yield, and could have higher economic benefits, so it is suitable for farmers and cooperatives to plant; ‘Jingzangxiang’and‘Daiyan’have sour and sweet taste, fine fruit shape, high yield, and disease-resistance, and moderate mineral nutrition in fruit pulp, so they are suitable for processing strawberry cultivation. ‘Taoxun’fruit is oblate with peach taste;‘Yuexin’fruit is short conic and has good taste, both of them are suitable for garden planting.

  Cultivation of Dendrobium officinale Using Walnut Shell as the Main Growth Media 2018, 34 (26):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060004 Abstract + ( 802 )   [Objective]In the study, the walnut shell were selected as the basic growth media and mixtures of pine bark and sawdust at a certain ratio, for an aim to resolve the problem such as the high cost of growth media and the deficient of the traditional growth media of D. officinale. Meanwhile, the study screened the best transplanting time after moved the root seedlings from theSlaboratory to the Greenhouse to improve theStransplantation survival rate. [Methods]To explore the best time for acclimatization and the feasibility of walnut shell as basic growth media of D. officinale, the walnut shell were selected as the basic growth media and used the main factors, including the different addition ratio of mixtures of pine bark and sawdust and the acclimatization time, toSdesign the L9(3)4 orthogonal experiment. [Results]The results showed that the periods for acclimatization of the seedlings have aSsignificantSimpactSonStransplantation survival rate; In the different sole growth media, the transplantation survival rate was higher in sawdust media than in the walnut shell and Pine bark media; but the seedlings grew better in Pine bark media than in walnut shell and both of them grew significantly better than in sawdust media. ThroughSorthogonal design, the result showed that moved the root seedlings from theSlaboratory to the Greenhouse about 14days were the best acclimatizationStime, and the mixtures of walnut shell, Pine bark and sawdust media at the ratio of 60%, 30% and 10% demonstrated the best growth of the seedlings. [Conclusion]The study indicated that it is feasible to cultivate D. officinale with mixed substrate based on walnut shell. This study provided a new utilization approach of the abundant walnut shell resources in Dali as well as a scientificSbasis for growing D. officinale in a large scale.

  Space-Time Coupling of New-Type Urbanization and Human Settlement Development 2018, 34 (26):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100066 Abstract + ( 436 )   To explore the coordination of the development level of urbanization and the human settlement in Ningxia under the background of new- type urbanization, with the model of coordination assessment and，coupling degree, we measured the coordination index and the coupling degree of the new-type urbanization and the human settlement in 5 prefecture cities in Ningxia from 2005-2015, and analyzed the features of space- time evolution of the coupling coordination for the 5 cities. The results showed that: (1) from the tendency of the overall development, except Guyuan and Zhongwei, all the research areas had an increase tendency of the coordination index and coupling degree of the new-type urbanization and the human settlement through 2005-2015; (2) from the time sequence, the coordination of the new-type urbanization and the human settlement of most research areas were high, except Guyuan and Zhongwei; (3) from the pattern of space, the difference of the coupling coordination at the research areas was not large, all the cities had higher coupling degree. Through the analysis, we put forward suggestions on the construction of new-type urbanization and the development of human settlement, including optimizing the city space patterns to strengthen the comprehensive capacity of cities; enhancing the reform of household registry system to promote the citizenization of farmers; improving the environment awareness of the citizens, and selecting reasonable speed and scale for city development.

  Effects of Different Soil Treatments on Microbial Biomass in Facility Soil 张燕, and 2018, 34 (26):  90-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080098 Abstract + ( 455 )   Using tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum )“Fenyan No.1”as the experimental material, we studied the effect of vermicompost (V), bio-carbon (BC), straw bioreactor (SBR) and chicken manure (CK) on soil enzyme activities, microorganism quantity and the carbon source utilization rate. The results showed that compared with CK, the V treatment increased urease and phosphatase activity in 0-20 cm soil layer, the increase rate was 40.74% and 53.33% respectively, BC treatment increased soil sucrose and catalase activity in 0- 20 cm layer, the increase rate was 35.59% and 63.93% respectively, SBR treatment increased phosphatase, urease and catalase activity in 20-40 cm layer, the increase rate was 73.68%, 43.75% and 73.41% respectively. Compared with CK, V and BC treatment promoted soil culturable bacteria number by 25.16% and 27.50% in 0- 20 soil layer, that of SBR treatment in 20- 40 cm soil layer was 39.505% , V treatment improved cultivate actinomyces quantity by 14.13% in 0-20 cm layer, that of SBR in 20-40 cm soil layer was 15.66%-43.13%, BC treatment improved soil culturable fungi amount by 40.78% in 0-20 cm layer; compared with CK, SBR treatment increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen by 60.11% and 44.13% in 20-40 cm soil layer, V treatment increased microbial biomass nitrogen by 36.84%; compared with CK, BC and SBR treatment significantly improved the utilization of carbohydrates, clustering and carboxylic acid type of carbon source, V treatment significantly increased the utilization of amino acids, amines and phenols carbon source.

  Effects of Different Microwave Digestion Methods on ICP-MS Determination of Cd and Pb in Loess Soil 耿雅妮,,任雪盈 and 张 军 2018, 34 (26):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070060 Abstract + ( 432 )   Cadmium and lead in loess were measured by ICP-MS using different microwave digestion methods, and an orthogonal experiment was designed to analyze the data to determine the best microwave digestion test method for cadmium and lead. The results showed that the importance order of cadmium and lead content in loess by microwave digestion-ICP-MS was the condition of microwave digestion> soil mass> acid ratio. And the optimal test condition of Cd was A2B3C1 (0.15 g soil samples, nitric acid: hydrogen peroxide: hydrofluoric acid=6:2:2, the first microwave digestion condition) and the optimal test condition of Pb was A2B1C1 (0.15 g soil samples, nitric acid: hydrochloric acid: hydrofluoric acid=6:2:2, the first microwave digestion condition). The recovery rate of Cd and Pb was 103% and 97% respectively under the optimal test condition, and the accuracy was relatively high.

  Determination of Nitrobenzene Compounds in Soil by ASE-GC-MS 2018, 34 (26):  100-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070112 Abstract + ( 480 )   A method was developed for the determination of nitrobenzenes?compound in soil by GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction. Method of drug samples for nitrobenzenes?compound by acetone and n-hexane(1:1) extraction，solid-phase extraction separation，drying and concentrating，analysis by GC-MS with ASE，internal standard method for the quantitative analysis.The results were present as follows.The method was suitable for the determination of nitrobenzenes?compound using the acetone and n-hexane(1:1) as elution solvent in soil.It had good separation effect and the calibration curves showed good linear relationship. The correlation coefficients ＞0.995. Samples extracted showed the highest recovery. The recoveries of nitrobenzenes?compound were in range of 71.6%～119% and the relative standard deviations were 0.2%～1.1%. The detection limits were 0.05～1.31μg/kg.The method had merits of simplicity,accuracy,sensitivity and it can meet the test requirements of nitrobenzenes?compound in soil.

  Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soils by Lime: A Review 2018, 34 (26):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010153 Abstract + ( 552 )   With the rapid economic development in China, industry and agriculture cause a lot of pollutants, including heavy metals, to be discharged into the environment, and the soil environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. Since lime repairing has low cost, simple operation, quick repairing process and obvious effect, it has attracted lots of attention, and the effect of lime on soil heavy metal pollution repair mechanism has become one of the hot research spots. In this paper, the research progress of the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils by lime was reviewed systematically. The influence mechanism of lime on the bioavailability of heavy metals in soils and the repairing effect of lime on soils contaminated by heavy metals were discussed. The results showed that the mechanism of lime restoring heavy metal polluted soil was mainly through the adsorption, precipitation and complexation of heavy metals in soil by changing the soil pH value, CEC, BS and Eh. At the same time, types of heavy metal and land use could affect the repairing effect of lime. Therefore, in the actual repairing process, we should take into consideration the type of local soil, lime application rate, application period, and application methods, etc.

  Phenophase Variation Characteristics and Meteorological Factors of Pinus koraiensis seedings in Xiao Hinggan Mountains 2018, 34 (26):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110056 Abstract + ( 448 )   To explore the change rule of phenophase ofPinus koraiensis seedlings and provide a scientific basis for correct sowing, seed collecting, planting and cultivation in forestry production, based on the phenophase data of Pinus koraiensis seedlings and the climate at the same time in Xiao Hinggan Mountains from 1991 to 2014, the responses of Pinus koraiensis seedlings’phenophase to meteorological conditions were discussed by correlative analysis and optimal subset regression. The results showed that: (1) the beginning period of bud opening and the flourishing period of new shoot lignification of Pinus koraiensis seedlings were delayed, the beginning period of leaf spreading and the flourishing period of new shoots formation were advanced, the whole growing season was prolonged; (2) except the beginning period of bud opening and the flourishing-formation period of apical bud, the correlation was found to be significantly positive between the other phenophases and sunshine hours during the corresponding period, the correlation was found to be significantly negative between the flourishing-formation period of apical bud and temperature. The two main factors influencing the length of the whole growth period were the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ and the daily minimum temperature, followed by sunshine hours and the average temperature. The regression equations were established between the Pinus koraiensis seedlings’phenophase and the meteorological factors based on the optimal subset regression.

  Water Level and Agriculture and Husbandry Characteristics in Qinghai Lake Basin: The Response to Climate Warming and Wetting 汪关信,何灼伦 and 肖建设 2018, 34 (26):  119-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070061 Abstract + ( 580 )   The paper aims to reveal influence of meteorological and hydrological factors on water level, agriculture and husbandry on Qinghai Lake, which through analyzing long time series meteorological and hydrological monitoring data in Qinghai Lake basin, and modelling water level’s assessment as well as calculating contribution rate of the factors and quantitative evaluate influence on water level and agriculture and husbandry. The results show that climate appeared obvious trend of warm and wet in Qinghai Lake basin. The precipitation showed weak trend of increase, and increased significantly from 2001 to 2015 nearly 15a with a climatic tendency rate of 10.8mm/10a but occurred mutation in 2003. Average temperature, lowest temperature and maximum temperature appeared apparently trend of increase (P<0.01). Water level showed significant trend of decrease from 1961, the change tendency rate was -0.5 m/10a (P<0.01). Nearly 10a from 2004 to 2015, water level had risen sequentially and had been a sudden change from falling to rising in 2004, and rising rate was 14.4m/10a (P<0.01). The order of contribution rate of water level, which is discharge precipitation and evaporation. The change of precipitation, discharge and evaporation had a greater impact on water level in the previous year. Water level had risen in Qinghai Lake was most leading cause for that increasing precipitation and increasing inflow rivers runoff, which through change of the basin precipitation and inflow rivers runoff in recent 15 years.

  Biological Control of Harmonia axyridis on Insect Pests in Corn Fields: Research Progress 2018, 34 (26):  128-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010056 Abstract + ( 574 )   Harmonia axyridis, one of predatory insect species, plays a key role in the biological control of agroforestry pests. With the continuous increase of corn planting acreage and pest resistance to chemical insecticides, species and amount of insect pests in corn fields are rising quickly, which seriously influence yield and quality of corn production, furthermore have a negative impact on farmers’income. So, timely summary on researches of Harmonia axyridis can provide references for a comprehensive understanding its biological control function, support its field application and furthermore to guarantee the sustainable production of corn. In this review, the authors summarized domestic and abroad researches on biology and ecological characteristics of Harmonia axyridis, including life history, habits, flight and movement, field release, temporal dynamics and spatial distribution, reproduction and breeding, and predicted the new hot spots of researches in the future. Based on the latest advance of artificial feeding technique and the evaluation of practical control efficiency of Harmonia axyridis, we propose to release Harmonia axyridis to effectively control pests in corn fields, and points out that Harmonia axyridis has biocotrol potential, artificial feeding and field release of Harmonia axyridis could effectively prevent and control corn pests to guarantee a sustainable corn production.

  The Possibility and Way of Myzus Persicae Spreading Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus 2018, 34 (26):  134-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090032 Abstract + ( 381 )   Abstract: The RT-PCR and sequencing methods were used to identify whether cucumber green mottle mosaic viruses (CGMMV) exist in Myzus persicae (sulzer). M. persicae field population of Ningxiang, Chenzhou and Liuyang tobacco-growing area in Hunan province were collected in this study. After their RNAs were extracted, they were all reversely transcribed into cDNA. They were PCR amplified by taking cDNA as a template via designed primers and then the sequencing was carried out after shaking bacteria bottles. The sequencing results showed that the RNA virus was amplified, which was similar as to the cucumber green mottle mosaic virus up to 99%. The nucleotide sequences of 22 genes including this isolate were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed. CGMMV geographical source factors were combined to analyze the problem. The results showed that CGMMV existed in M. persicae, which came from the CGMMV carried on its own. M. persicae could spread the cucumber green mottle mosaic virus that was speculated through the analysis and the spread way of which was persistent.

  Investigation and Analysis of the Use of Agricultural Chemicals for Rice Production in Shenyang Area 付鸿超 and 刘鸣达 2018, 34 (26):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090140 Abstract + ( 412 )   To clarify the use of agricultural chemicals in rice production in Shenyang, sampling survey and analysis were conducted in four main rice- farming districts of Shenyang，including Xinmin, Liaozhong, Sujiatun and Faku, by questionnaire. A total of 62 farmer households were surveyed, and the investigated areas covered up to 11110 hm2. The results showed that the average use time of agricultural chemicals was 9.98 and the average dosage was 15.57 kg/hm2 during rice production. There were 41 kinds of active ingredients among the 92 surveyed agricultural chemicals, which contained 10 herbicides, 19 pesticides and 12 bactericides. The traditional formulation of agricultural chemicals was used as the primary choice in production process, including emulsifiable concentrates, wettable powders and suspensions, et al. The ratio of traditional agricultural chemicals was up to 81.62% . The ratio of low toxic agricultural chemicals was 72.83% and 65.27% of insecticides were medium toxic agricultural chemicals. The low professional quality of farmers, the high cost of rice production, the few specialized services of plant protection and the less preferential subsidy policies, etc. were the problems in agricultural chemical use. Policy adjustment and formulation in Shenyang could reduce agricultural chemicals use intensity by farmers, promote the use of new agricultural chemicals and biological agricultural chemicals, and achieve the purpose of agricultural chemical reduction.

  Total Saponins in Stems and Leaves of Codonopsis pilosula: Extraction Process and Antioxidative Activity 黄文静 2018, 34 (26):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040002 Abstract + ( 387 )   The aims are to select the extraction process condition of total saponins in stems and leaves of Codonopsis pilosula , and provide reference for saponins exploitation inCodonopsis pilosula . The stems and leaves ofCodonopsis pilosula were used as the materials. Taking the extraction rate of total saponins as index, the effects of ethanol concentration, liquid-to-material ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time on total saponins were studied. Based on the single-factor test, the orthogonal design was employed to optimize the ethanol reflux extraction conditions of total saponins. The results showed that the extraction rate of total saponins from stems and leaves of Codonopsis pilosula reached 4.12% with the condition of 70% ethanol concentration, liquid-solid ratio 25 mL/g, extraction temperature 70℃ and extraction time 90 min.In vitro antioxidant activities results showed that the saponin concentration was proportional to the antioxidant activity. The maximum inhibition rates of DPPH, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion was 86.92%, 55.37% and 82.21% , respectively. And the IC 50 value of those antioxidant activities was 0.37, 0.78 and 0.44 mg/mL, respectively. Consequently, total saponins ofCodonopsis pilosula stems and leaves with good antioxidant effect can be obtained through the simple ethanol reflux extraction. If the total saponins are developed into health products or food additives, it can not only reduce resource waste, but also extend the industrial chain of Codonopsis pilosula products, which has both ecological and practical significance.

  Development Status and Outlook of Wine Industry in Rushan 2018, 34 (26):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070065 Abstract + ( 477 )   To develop a featured and cost-effective wine industry in areas with natural advantages, combined with literature study and field survey, we use the inductive deduction method to systematically expound the advantages of the wine industry development in Rushan, and use empirical analysis method to explore the problems in the development. The results show that the development of the wine industry in Rushan should integrate the superior resources and implement the supply-side structural reform to meet the requirements of producing high-quality grapes and wine, respecting people and the environment, and ensuring the long-term economic benefits of grapes and wine. The development of wine industry in Rushan also needs the guiding role of the government, the scientific planning and transforming for developing featured and cost-effective wineries, expanding the integration of wine and cultural diversity, and realizing the multi- core drive of industrial development. The research results could provide a basis for exploring the promotion of suitable wine industry models in areas with natural advantages.

  Study on Poverty Types and Countermeasures of State Poverty Countries in Guangxi 2018, 34 (26):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100056 Abstract + ( 731 )   Poverty has attracted the attention of governments all over the world for a long time. Because of regional differences, poverty often presents diversity characteristics. Therefore, measures and ways to eliminate poverty should be diversified. Guangxi is one of the areas where the poor rural areas are densely distributed in Southwest China, and the types of poverty are complex and varied. In order to further explore the types of poor rural areas in Guangxi, we should promote the work of poverty alleviation in Guangxi. In this paper based on the poverty countries in Guangxi as the research object, selects 28 poverty indicators in Guangxi from four aspects of population, economy, society, resources, factor analysis by SPSS, the main factor restricting Guangxi rural poverty, to influence the Guangxi rural poverty factor variables, rural poverty in Guangxi by cluster analysis. The results show that :1)the restricted Guangxi impoverished village main factor: the "population" factor, "economic income" factor, "traffic infrastructure factor", "industrialization" factor and "level of agricultural mechanization" factor, "communication", "education" factor; 2) poverty-stricken counties can be divided into three categories: agricultural productivity low-level industrialized poverty-stricken counties, poor traffic and communication infrastructure backward poverty - stricken counties, cultural and educational backwardness poverty counties, and for each type of poor counties (districts) put forward the corresponding development countermeasure.