Abstract: In order to further exert regional comparative advantages, accelerate the transformation and upgrading, make the characteristic agricultural industry economy in Yunnan Plateau bigger and stronger, the comprehensive benefit, structural characteristics, regional distribution, organizational system and productivity of the agricultural industry in Yunnan since 2012 were vertically summarized from the perspective of industrial economic, and the main problems existing such as the lower whole level, prominent structural constraints, single industrial function, missing stability support, insufficient management subjects, etc. were condensed also through the horizontal comparison of some principal indicators in two latitudes of the whole country and five provinces in southwest China. The authors considered that the production of bulk agricultural products on the basis of large-scale as grain, oil, etc. is not Yunnan''s advantage. Fully use of the diversification in natural, geographical, biological and cultural resource of low latitude plateau in Yunnan, the differentiated development strategy should be insisted on and strengthened. The modernization of agriculture in Yunnan with diversity, characteristics, quality, difference in time (season) and zone (climate) should be continued. The characteristic cash crops, mountain livestock and poultry with large space for value promotion, distinctive regional characteristics, high technical requirements, having a better foundation and development potential in Yunnan should be the key industries and points in optimizing agricultural structure and distribution, adjusting the agricultural support policies should focused on supporting business subjects, developing modern deep-processing industries of agricultural products, promoting the integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries, expanding multiple functions, etc. in Yunnan Plateau, which could be as a reference for characteristic agricultural development in Yunnan and other areas.