Abstract:

To assess the pollution risk and environmental loaded pressure (ELP) caused by the rapid development of livestock and poultry breeding (LPB) during the 14th Five-Year Plan period in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, according to the data of LPB, the emissions of livestock and poultry manure (LP), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were estimated by the pollutant discharge coefficient method. Environmental loaded pressure of LPB was evaluated by the indexes, including the suitability evaluation, land-loaded pressure and the nutrient-loaded pressure. The results showed that: (1) the emissions of COD, N and P were 1.23 million, 68600 and 7440 tons, respectively; (2) the suitability areas of LPB were mainly distributed in the southern mountainous area, in total, the land-loaded capacity was greater than the amount of LPB; however, the amount of LPB in Litong District was 3.1 times that of the land-loaded pressure, which posed a great risk of breeding pollution; the manure could not be all returned to field in Yinchuan urban area, Litong District and Jingyuan County; (3) the N emission was estimated to reach 120000 tons in 2025, showing an increase of more than 50000 tons compared with that of 2020; the P emission was estimated to reach 12000 tons, correspondingly 1.7 times that of 2020; the COD emission was estimated to reach 2.517 million tons, correspondingly 1.5 times that of 2020. In 2025, the loaded warning value of cultivated land for LP will reach 3.50. Therefore, countermeasures were put forward from six aspects: proper control of breeding scale, strict LP returning to field, strengthening fertilizer use of LP, scientific treatment of LP pollution, setting up LP centralized treatment center and policy support.

Key words: livestock and poultry breeding, pollution prevention, countermeasures, the 14th Five-Year Plan period, Ningxia