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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2023, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (20): 100-108.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0496

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Effects of Remote Straw Mulching on Crop Habitat Diseases, Insect Pests, Grass Damage and Soil Environmental Factors

CAO Hongmei1(), HU Guiping1(), HUANG Zhenxia2, SHI Xuping1, CAI Xiang1, WANG Feng1, LIU Yuxin2, WANG Yawei1, WANG Lixian1   

  1. 1 Jiangxi Economic Crops Research Institute, Nanchang 330202
    2 Jiangxi Agricultural Ecology and Resources Protection Station, Nanchang 330006
  • Received:2022-06-21 Revised:2022-08-26 Online:2023-07-15 Published:2023-07-10

Abstract:

The aim of the study is to explore the effects of remote straw mulching on crop habitat diseases, insect pests and grass damage and soil environmental factors. Plantations of tea and pear, which are important cash crops in Jiangxi Province, were selected as the research objects. Under the condition of inter-garden positioning experiment, four amount of straw mulching (7500 kg/hm2, 15000 kg/hm2, 22500 kg/hm2 and control 0 kg/hm2) were set in the plantations. The responses of main diseases, insect pests, grass damage, soil organisms, temperature and humidity, and pH at different depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm) of tea garden and pear orchard in summer (June 2021) and autumn (October 2021) were compared and analyzed. Straw mulching could effectively reduce the incidence of main diseases and insect pests in tea garden and pear orchard, and the incidence of tea mottled leaf blight and pear ring blight decreased by 53.13% and 50.00%, respectively. The density of leaf hopper and tea inchworm decreased by 54.54% and 66.66%, respectively. After straw mulching, the richness of weeds in tea garden and pear orchard decreased to 6 and 5 species, respectively. The weed density decreased to 16.73 plants /m2 and 109.73 plants /m2, respectively, which were significantly different from that of CK (P<0.05). Compared with the tea garden and pear orchard without straw mulching, the biological species in the soil of tea garden and pear orchard after straw mulching showed a trend of increasing beneficial organisms and decreasing unfavorable organisms. Straw mulching could control the temperature of the soil in tea garden and pear orchard, and exert the effect of heat loss in summer and heat preservation in autumn, among which, 7500 kg/hm2 and 15000 kg/hm2 straw mulching had relatively good effect. Straw mulching had good moisture retention effect on the soil of tea garden and pear orchard, and the three amount of straw mulching all had good moisture retention effect and strong water storage capacity. Straw mulching could effectively increase the pH of topsoil (0-10 cm) of tea garden and pear orchard, and the pH of soil increased with the increase of straw mulching amount. However, straw mulching had little effect on the pH of deep soil (20-40 cm). Straw mulching can greatly improve the main associated biological communities of tea garden and pear orchard, improve the soil environmental conditions, and provide an effective way for the high-value utilization of straw.

Key words: straw, remote mulching, disease, insect pest and grass damage, soil, environmental factors