Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.20 Published:15 July 2023

  Preliminary Study on Mixed Cropping Ways of Different Row-type Barley Varieties and the Yield-Increasing Effects ZHAO Jiatao, LIU Mengdao, FU Zhengbo, YANG Xianghong, ZI Shangyong 2023, 39 (20):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0605 Abstract + ( 214 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 59 ) To find out the best combination of barley varieties with different row types and plant heights, comparative trials of single species and different hybrid combinations were carried out with 10 treatments on the following widespread barley varieties in Baoshan: two-row short-stalked ‘82-1’ and ‘Baodamai 22’, and multi-row medium-stalked and long-stalked ‘Baodamai 8’, ‘Baodamai 14’, ‘Baodamai 15’ and ‘Baodamai 25’. According to the results, (1) compared with the single species, hybrid two-row short-stalked high-yielding varieties show an increase of 3.1%-14.3% in yield; (2) the best hybrid combination is the two-row variety ‘82-1’ with the hybrid multi-row variety ‘Baodamai 25’, followed by the two-row short-stalked variety ‘Baodamai 22’ with the hybrid multi-row variety ‘Baodamai 25’, and the ratio of basic seedlings is 6:4; (3) among hybrid varieties, the two-row variety ‘82-1’ is better than ‘Baodamai 22’; among multi-row varieties, the long-stalked variety ‘Baodamai 25’ is the best, followed by ‘Baodamai 8’ and ‘Baodamai 14’, and ‘Baodamai 15’ is less suitable for planting in Boshan.

  Effects of Different Crop Rotation Patterns and Nitrogen Application Levels on Yield and Quality of Spring Wheat GE Lili, ZHAO Cai, CHENG Baoyu, YIN Minxing 2023, 39 (20):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0120 Abstract + ( 174 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1326KB )   ( 951 ) By optimising crop rotation patterns and nitrogen application regimes, changes in spring wheat yield and quality were explored to provide a scientific basis for establishing high-yielding, high-quality production practices on farmland. This study was conducted in the west oasis irrigation area of Gansu Province, and the trial was designed in a completely randomized group design. Four cropping patterns were established: wheat continuous crop (W), spring wheat-vicia sativa-spring wheat-vicia sativa (WV), spring wheat-winter wheat-vicia sativa (WWV) and spring wheat-winter rape-vicia sativa (WRV); three N levels were applied in the two-year crop rotation: without N (N0), 25% reduction of 270 kg/hm2 (N1), and conventional application of 360 kg/hm2 (N2). The determination of dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of wheat was carried out to establish a reasonable cropping pattern and nitrogen application system for the region, and thus increase wheat productivity. The results showed that dry matter accumulation increased rapidly from nodulation to filling stage at different levels of N application, N2 treatment had the highest dry matter accumulation at flowering stage, N1 reduced by 10.1% and 10.6% compared to N2 treatment; the three crop rotation patterns WRV, WWV and WV increased wheat dry matter accumulation by an average of 14.9%, 15.7% and 10.9%, and 11.8%, 8.6% and 8.1% in 2020 and 2022 compared to the continuous crop pattern. Under the reduced N treatment, wheat thousand grain weight, number of spikes per unit area and number of grains per spike were reduced, but the crop rotation pattern increased thousand grain weight, number of spikes per unit area, number of grains per spike, and yield. Yields were reduced by 11.5% and 12.5% in the N1 treatment compared to the N2, and increased by 18.5% and 23.8%, 10.3% and 16.1%, 6.0% and 11.5% in the WRV, WWV and WV rotations, respectively, compared to the continuous crop pattern. The crop rotation pattern combined with N fertilizer could effectively improve the quality of the seeds, where the seed protein content, sedimentation value and wet gluten content were enhanced. Correlation analysis showed that the crop rotation pattern combined with nitrogen fertilization had an enhancing effect on crop yield, which was mainly due to the synergistic increase in yield components. At the different nitrogen application level, the spring wheat-winter rape-vicia sativa rotation pattern had a significant effect on the yield and quality of farmland spring wheat. Therefore, it could be used as a new cropping pattern to improve the yield and quality of farmland wheat in the northwest oasis irrigation area.

  Effect of Thinning Intensity on the DBH Structure and Growth of Cinnamomum carnphora Plantations LIAO Dezhi, CHEN Minggao, WU Jiyou, CHENG Yong, ZHANG Min, WEI Zhiheng, LIU Yuxiao, SHAN Zhiyi, WU Zhe 2023, 39 (20):  14-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0565 Abstract + ( 181 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 27 ) Cinnamomum carnphora is an important timber tree and greening tree species in South China. At present, Cinnamomum carnphora plantations generally have problems such as uneven and slow growth, and low timber outturn rate. Improving the forest stand structure of camphor plantations and the forest stand productivity, and cultivating large-diameter timber have become the main tasks of camphor plantation cultivation and transformation. Nine fixed observation plots with 16-year-old Cinnamomum carnphora artificial forest were established, each had the size of 20m×30m. According to the total number of standing trees in the plots, three groups of thinning experiments were carried out: intensive thinning (thinning 40%), light thinning (thinning 20%) and control group (no thinning). At the same time, analytic trees were harvested to analyze the growth process of camphor plantation. The dynamic changes of the diameter structure of camphor forest stand before and after thinning were discussed. (1) For the plots with light thinning and intensive thinning, after two years of thinning, the annual growth of DBH (breast-height diameter) of single plant was 1.18cm and 1.42cm, significantly higher than that of the control group and before thinning; there was no significant difference in the tree height growth after thinning, and the annual increment was about 0.5m; and the crown width growth showed significant differences, the average crown width of the intensity thinning plots was 3.8m, 31% higher than that of the control group. (2) By analyzing the stand DBH structure of the three groups of plots, it was found that the growth potential of the pressed trees in the plots was obviously insufficient, and about 25% of the lower stands (DBH less than 12cm) had no increase in DBH; however, the number of trees with DBH above 20 cm increased significantly in intensive thinning plots, reaching 420 trees/ hm2 and accounting for 47.7% in each plot, while the number in light thinning and control group was 285 and 165 trees/ hm2, respectively, accounting for 26.3% and 11.9% in each plot. (3) The changes of stand volume in the three groups of plots were compared and analyzed, and the results showed that the annual growth of stand volume in the plots with light thinning and intensive thinning reached 21.91m3/hm2 and 25.50m3/hm2, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the plot without thinning (18.34m3/hm2). The overall growth of mid-aged camphor forest stands can be achieved by 40% intensive thinning，and the growth rate of DBH and stand volume are significantly higher than those of the no thinning stand. The growth potential of pressed wood in the no thinning stand is insufficient, which will not only stop its own growth but also affect the growth of the whole stand. Thinning reduces the competition among trees to a certain extent, increases the illumination in the forest, improves the sanitary conditions of the forest, provide more nutrients and growth space for the reserved trees, thus promoting the growth of the forest stand. However, the recovery time of the growth potential and thinning frequency need to be further studied.

  Study on the Screening and Breeding of Superior Clones for Fruiting Saponaria Han Lijun 2023, 39 (20):  22-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0195 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1634KB )   ( 20 ) This paper focused on evaluation of the wild genetic resources of Gleditsia sinensis in Shanxi Province and targeted selection of superior clones to provide theoretical support and resources for the screening and breeding of superior fruit soap pods. Based on screening superior single plants, six individual plants with better performance in phenotypic and economic traits were subjected for clone determination and regional trials, and make a final determination. Variability was abundant among clones for attributes such as pod length, pod thickness, pod width, single fruit mass, thousand-grain mass, seed yield, hull ratio, and saponin ratio. There were significant differences in the individual fruiting rate among different clones. The clone LKZG-009 yielded the earliest fruit with an average fruiting rate of 80.3%. There were significant differences in fruitfulness among different clones. The clone LKZG-004 had the highest yield of 61 fresh pods/m2, which was 39.3% higher than the control treatment. Stability evaluation showed that the clone LKZG-004 was more stable, while the clone LKZG-023 was less stable. Adaptability evaluation showed that the clone LKZG-004 had strong adaptability, and the clone LKZG-023 had special adaptability. In this research, six superior clones were tested for clone determination and regional trials, and two superior clones with excellent traits were selected and could be used in production: LKZG-004 and LKZG-023.

  Effects of Selenium Application Method on Oat Yield and Grain Selenium Content WANG Yanan, FAN Yaqi, HUO Ruixuan, YAO Tao, GUO Laichun, GE Junyong, QIAO Yuejing 2023, 39 (20):  31-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0807 Abstract + ( 141 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1391KB )   ( 33 ) To explore the effects of selenium application methods on oat yield and grain selenium content, 20 oat varieties were sprayed with foliar selenium fertilizer and soil-based selenium fertilizer in Shanyin County, Shuozhou City, Shanxi Province. Taking 20 varieties of oats from ‘Baiyan No.1’~‘Baiyan No.11’, ‘Baiyan No.13’~‘Baiyan No.20’ and ‘Bayou No.1’ as materials, the effects of two selenium application methods on the yield and grain selenium content of different varieties were studied by random block experiments. The results showed that (1) foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer had no significant effect on spike number, grain number of per spike and yield. But it could significantly increase 1000-grain weight of ‘Baiyan No.11’ and ‘Baiyan No.18’; (2) after foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer, the selenium content on grains significantly increased. Among them, the increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.5’ was the most significant. Most varieties were significantly different from the CK group (P<0.05), and compared with CK group, the increasing rate was 7.93%-830.01%. (3) After application of soil-based selenium fertilizer, the responses of 20 varieties to selenium fertilizer were different. With the increase of selenium application amount, under low selenium content, the yield of ‘Baiyan 10’ increased the most of 13.33%, and under high selenium content, the yield of ‘Baiyan No.7’ increased the most of 9.28%. The yield of ‘Baiyan No.15’ and ‘Baiyan No.20’ increased first and then decreased with the increase of selenium application. Under low selenium content, the yield increased by 4.99% and 4.82%, respectively. Under high selenium content, the yield decreased by 6.41% and 5.84%, respectively. (4) After application of soil-based selenium fertilizer, the selenium content in most oat grains was significantly different from that of CK (P<0.05). The increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.8’ was the largest under high selenium application rate (36.43%). Under low selenium content, the increase of selenium content in ‘Baiyan No.2’ was the largest (16.60%). The selenium content in grains of ‘Baiyan No.10’ and ‘Baiyan No.14’ decreased significantly with the increase of selenium application rate. With the increase of selenium application rate, the selenium content in grains of most oat varieties increased. Soil-based selenium fertilizer can more effectively improve the yield and other traits of oat varieties than foliar selenium fertilizer, and foliar selenium fertilizer is more effective in improving the selenium content in oat grains.

  Effect of Farmyard Manure Application on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Growth and Development of Flue-cured Tobacco FAN Long, LI Leilei, ZHAO Erwei, LIU Peng, HE Cheng 2023, 39 (20):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0685 Abstract + ( 146 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 147 ) The study aims to explore the application potential of farmyard manure in flue-cured tobacco production, improve the unfavorable ecological environment of tobacco planting soil and enhance the quality of tobacco leaves. Farmyard manure was used as the test material, and combined application of farmyard manure and flue-cured tobacco special compound fertilizer was conducted. The farmyard manure application rate was set as CK: 0 kg/hm2, T1: 1500 kg/hm2, T2: 3000 kg/hm2, T3: 4500 kg/hm2 and T4: 6000 kg/hm2, to study the effects of farmyard manure on soil physicochemical properties and the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that compared with CK, farmyard manure could improve soil pH, and the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium to some extent. Soil organic matter content increased by 101.9%, 78.1%, 53.7%, and 83.3% under the four application rates, and the positive effect was gradually enhanced with the increase of the application rate. In terms of tobacco growth, T1 had the best effect among the treatments. Compared with those of CK, the plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf and next but two leaf growth were promoted under T1, and the yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco increased by 192.75 kg/hm2 and 7776.0 yuan/hm2, respectively. Therefore, in flue-cured tobacco production, the application rate of farmyard manure of 1500 kg/hm2 is the best, which is beneficial to improving the yield and quality of tobacco leaves.

  Effects of Different Potassium Application Levels on Physiological Characteristics of Salvia miltiorrhiza ZHANG Shengzhen, WANG Xiaoying, MA Yanzhi, KE Shaoying, SHEN Yulong 2023, 39 (20):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0170 Abstract + ( 162 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 38 ) The effects of different potassium application levels (0, 75, 150 and 225 kg/hm2) on the physiological characteristics of salvia miltiorrhiza were studied to provide theoretical basis for reasonable application of potassium fertilizer. The results showed that potassium application could reduce the MDA content of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The MDA content was the lowest when potassium was applied at 150 kg/hm2. Potassium application was beneficial to increase the activities of SOD, POD and CAT of Salvia miltiorrhiza. At the potassium application level of 150 kg/hm2, the activities of SOD and POD of Salvia miltiorrhiza were significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the activities of CAT were also at a higher level, which indicated that proper application of potassium could improve the activity of protective enzymes, inhibit membrane peroxidation, and reduce the production of MDA. The chlorophyll content of Salvia miltiorrhiza increased first and then decreased with the increase of potassium level. When the potassium level was 150 kg/hm2, the chlorophyll content of Salvia miltiorrhiza was the highest, the speed of leaf aging was slow.

  Effects of Compounds Plantations of Torreya grandis on Soil Nutrient Conservation in Mountainous Areas of Southern Anhui Province LUO Yi, ZHANG Xue, SHE Xinsong, ZHUANG Min, SU Min, HU Changyu, TIAN Yuan 2023, 39 (20):  51-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0595 Abstract + ( 167 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1390KB )   ( 31 ) The prevention and control of soil erosion should be considered when planting in mountainous areas, so as to conserve and regulate surface runoff and reduce nutrient loss. In this paper, four compound planting patterns and a single planting pattern of Torreya grandis were studied in the mountain field of Torreya grandis base in Hecheng Township, Xiuning County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. By comparing the total amount and migration of soil nutrients, the effect of compound planting pattern on soil nutrient conservation in this type of mountain was analyzed. The results showed (1) The compound planting of Torreya grandis-Rubus palmatum (T1) had significant effects on soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium and pH, and its contents were 1.2, 0.5, 0.2, 0.3 times and 0.1 times higher than that of Torreya grandis (CK) alone respectively; the effects of compound planting of Torreya grandis-RhizomaPolygonatum (T2) on soil total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium were more obvious, and their contents were 0.4, 2.3, 0.2 times and 0.3 times higher than that of CK respectively; there had more obvious effects on soil available potassium (0.5 times higher than that of CK) and pH (0.1 times higher than CK) in the compound planting of Torreya grandis-Peucedanumpraeruptorum (T3) pattern; the compound planting of Torreya grandis-Artemisia annua (T4) also had obvious effects on soil available potassium and pH, which were 0.2 times and 0.1 times higher than that of CK respectively; (2) Soil nutrients were distributed unevenly at the top, middle and bottom of the slope, and there had greater impact on the distribution of available phosphorus in compounds planting of Torreya grandis-RhizomaPolygonatumandTorreya grandis-Artemisia argyi. (3) The consistent changes in soil pH and water content were found in compound planting treatments, and the soil pH and water content were significantly positively correlated with soil nutrient content and significantly negatively correlated with soil nutrient content by correlation analysis. Compound planting is beneficial to improve the activation and maintenance of soil pH and soil nutrients in mountainous areas, and reduce the soil water content.

  Effects of Agronomic Measures on Soil Habitat and Mulberry Growth: Research Progress ZHOU Xianzeng, YANG Wei, QIAO Rengui, YUAN Huabin, ZHANG Yufang, WANG Xuejun, LI Linbo, WANG Juying, YANG Guang 2023, 39 (20):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0515 Abstract + ( 157 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 115 ) China is known as the state of silkworm, with thousands of years of silkworm breeding culture. Sericulture is one of the important industries in China. In recent years, mulberry has been widely used in feed, food, medicine and health care, animal husbandry, edible fungi, bioenergy, tourism, organic fertilizer, etc. At the same time, the cultivation methods of mulberry have also made new progress. This study summarizes the application status, main experience and existing problems of agronomic measures in mulberry cultivation and mulberry orchard management in recent years, and puts forward suggestions and prospects for the comprehensive utilization of mulberry resources in China, in order to provide reference for the scientific cultivation of mulberry trees and the rational management of mulberry orchards.

  Soil Heavy Metal Availability: Research Progress on Its Influencing Factors and Transfer Rules in Crop-Soil System LU Gangbin, E Shengzhe, YUAN Jinhua, ZHAO Tianxin, YE Gengkang, ZHANG Peng, LIU Yana, WANG Yuxuan 2023, 39 (20):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0589 Abstract + ( 142 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 2753 ) Soil is the place where plants grow and develop. Heavy metals in soil are absorbed by plants and enriched in plants through root system, and affect the growth of plants. To find out the influencing factors of heavy metals in soil and the transfer rules of heavy metals in different parts of plants, this paper introduced in detail the research progresses on soil heavy metals from the aspects of the sources, the mechanism of action, and the main factors affecting plants absorption of heavy metals based on related literature at home and abroad. Study show that the absorption of heavy metals by plants is affected not only by soil physical and chemical environment such as the soil pH value and organic matter content, but also by the degree of pollution, types of polluting elements, tillage methods and crop genotypes. Moreover, the additive, synergistic and antagonistic effects of heavy metals in soil also affect the absorption and enrichment of heavy metals in plants to some extent.

  Variation Characteristics of Agricultural Climatic Resources in Main Potato Planting Areas of Ningxia, China WU Zhiqi, CHEN Chao, ZHANG Lianhua, PANG Yanmei 2023, 39 (20):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1010 Abstract + ( 182 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2745KB )   ( 317 ) In this study, based on meteorological data and crop production data, the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of agricultural climate resources in the main potato planting areas of Ningxia were analyzed through the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and other statistical methods. The results showed that the average values of annual temperature, annual highest temperature, annual lowest temperature and diurnal temperature range in the north were higher than that in the south during 1981 to 2020. The temperature showed an increasing trend in most areas. The solar radiation was high in the north and low in the south, and the change rate of solar radiation was positive in a small part of the south and negative in the rest region. In terms of water condition, the precipitation in the south was more than the north, and the change rate of precipitation was positive in the south and negative in the north. In short, the precipitation was large but the heat resource was slightly less in the south of Ningxia. However, it was sufficient for potato growth and suitable for planting middle-late-maturing and frost-resistant varieties in this region. The north of Ningxia was dry and little rain with abundant heat resource, suitable for planting drought-resistant varieties. The study can provide a scientific basis for agriculture in dry land areas to cope with climate change, rational development and utilization of climate resources, and adjustment of agricultural structure and cropping systems.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Total Solar Radiation in the East of Hexi Corridor LIU Ying, REN Liwen, YANG Hua, LI Xingyu, LIU Mingchun 2023, 39 (20):  82-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0545 Abstract + ( 156 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1590KB )   ( 531 ) Based on historical data of 11 meteorological observation stations in the east of Hexi Corridor and its surrounding areas, the temporal and spatial characteristics of total solar radiation were analyzed by using linear tendency analysis method, Mann-Kendall method, statistical inversion on surface meteorological observation data, and spatial statistical analysis (by using remote sensing image software ENVI 5.2) method. The results showed that the resource of solar energy in eastern Hexi Corridor was rich and stable. The annual total solar radiation ranged from 5414.19 MJ/m2 to 6500.36 MJ/m2 and the average was 5947.5 MJ/m2, and the grade of solar energy resources belonged to relative abundance. The seasonal order of total radiation was summer>spring>autumn>winter. The total radiation generally increased in the east of Hexi Corridor from 1959 to 2020. The total solar radiation decreased from 1959 to 1989 and increased continuously after a mutation in 1989. The change trend of solar radiation in the east of Hexi Corridor coincided with that of the world, which was firstly decreased and then increased. The total solar radiation increased in the upper and lower reaches of the Shiyang River and decreased in the middle reaches; increased in spring and winter and decreased in summer and autumn. There was one peak time in monthly and daily change, and the total solar radiation from April to August accounted for 55% of that in the whole year. The total solar radiation increased from February to May and decreased from August to October. The annual, quarterly and monthly growth rate in the lower reaches of the Shiyang River was the largest compared with that of the middle and upper reaches. The peak of daily radiation appeared in 12:00—13:00. The total solar radiation from 10:00 to 15:00 accounted for 73% of that in the whole day. The space distribution of total solar radiation was related to altitude and latitude, and was higher in the north and lower in the south, higher in flat land and lower in mountain area.

  Land Use Change in Hanjiang River Basin: Spatio-temporal Characteristics and Its Ecological Security Assessment GUAN Yafang, JIAO Yang, ZANG Chuanfu 2023, 39 (20):  91-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0647 Abstract + ( 125 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1746KB )   ( 22 ) The study aims to reveal the spatio-temporal change characteristics of land use and the ecological security assessment of the change in Hanjiang River Basin, and provide a scientific basis for the sustainable use of land resources in the basin. Based on the exploration of land use change and its driving forces obtained by transfer matrix and principal component analysis, the evaluation index system of land ecological security was established by using pressure—state—response model, to further evaluate the land ecological security. The results showed that from 1980 to 2020, the construction land and the cultivated land, the two most significant land types in Hanjiang River Basin, increased by 1301.61 km2 and decreased by 1013.89 km2 respectively. They converted to each other and spatially concentrated in Chaoshan plain in the southeast of the basin. Economic development and population growth were the two main factors promoting the urbanization process of the basin, and aggravated the contradiction between the construction land and the ecological land. From 2000 to 2019, the level of land ecological security in Hanjiang River Basin changed following a path of “relatively unsafe—unsafe—relatively unsafe”, indicating that the land ecological environment was gradually improved after deterioration. In conclusion, in Hanjiang River Basin, the land ecological security is closely related to the land use change and has been in an unstable state for a long term. So it is necessary to adjust the land use pattern to alleviate the pressure on land ecological security.

  Effects of Remote Straw Mulching on Crop Habitat Diseases, Insect Pests, Grass Damage and Soil Environmental Factors CAO Hongmei, HU Guiping, HUANG Zhenxia, SHI Xuping, CAI Xiang, WANG Feng, LIU Yuxin, WANG Yawei, WANG Lixian 2023, 39 (20):  100-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0496 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 23 ) The aim of the study is to explore the effects of remote straw mulching on crop habitat diseases, insect pests and grass damage and soil environmental factors. Plantations of tea and pear, which are important cash crops in Jiangxi Province, were selected as the research objects. Under the condition of inter-garden positioning experiment, four amount of straw mulching (7500 kg/hm2, 15000 kg/hm2, 22500 kg/hm2 and control 0 kg/hm2) were set in the plantations. The responses of main diseases, insect pests, grass damage, soil organisms, temperature and humidity, and pH at different depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-40 cm) of tea garden and pear orchard in summer (June 2021) and autumn (October 2021) were compared and analyzed. Straw mulching could effectively reduce the incidence of main diseases and insect pests in tea garden and pear orchard, and the incidence of tea mottled leaf blight and pear ring blight decreased by 53.13% and 50.00%, respectively. The density of leaf hopper and tea inchworm decreased by 54.54% and 66.66%, respectively. After straw mulching, the richness of weeds in tea garden and pear orchard decreased to 6 and 5 species, respectively. The weed density decreased to 16.73 plants /m2 and 109.73 plants /m2, respectively, which were significantly different from that of CK (P<0.05). Compared with the tea garden and pear orchard without straw mulching, the biological species in the soil of tea garden and pear orchard after straw mulching showed a trend of increasing beneficial organisms and decreasing unfavorable organisms. Straw mulching could control the temperature of the soil in tea garden and pear orchard, and exert the effect of heat loss in summer and heat preservation in autumn, among which, 7500 kg/hm2 and 15000 kg/hm2 straw mulching had relatively good effect. Straw mulching had good moisture retention effect on the soil of tea garden and pear orchard, and the three amount of straw mulching all had good moisture retention effect and strong water storage capacity. Straw mulching could effectively increase the pH of topsoil (0-10 cm) of tea garden and pear orchard, and the pH of soil increased with the increase of straw mulching amount. However, straw mulching had little effect on the pH of deep soil (20-40 cm). Straw mulching can greatly improve the main associated biological communities of tea garden and pear orchard, improve the soil environmental conditions, and provide an effective way for the high-value utilization of straw.

  Evaluation on the Field Effect of Releasing Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to Control the Spodoptera frugiperda CHEN Siyu 2023, 39 (20):  109-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0664 Abstract + ( 142 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 28 ) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect in field of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii release and to provide some reference for promoting biocontrol techniques on controlling the Spodoptera frugiperda. We set up 2 experimental districts. One was in the Gutong village, Mashan County, Nanning, and the other was in the cornplanting base of Jinguang Company in the Tanluo village, Xixiangtang District, Nanning. Each district released T.chilonis 3 time, and use 150 bee cards which contained 1000 Trichogramma chilonis Ishii in a card per hectare at a time. The injury rate, amount per100 plants and egg parasitzed rate of Spodoptera frugiperda were investigated before and everytime after releasing. In Gutong, when the release was over, the average injury rate decreased from 36.33% to 7.60%, the amount per100 plants decreased from 11.27 to 3.33, and the average egg parasitized rate increased from 20.08% to 100%. The damage was controlled and the egg parasitized rate increased significantly. In Jinguang, when the release was over, the average injury rate increased from 68.40% to 88.37%, the amount per100 plants decreased from 43.56 to 43.23, and egg parasitzed rate increased from 0 to 3.96%. The damage situation was not improved and the egg parasitzed increased. It was also found that Trichogramma chilonis Ishii was co-parasitized with the Telenomus remus Nixon. The two wasps sent 56 eggs in total after 8 days of 3 times of parasitism in Gutong village, and the parasitism rate was 100%. We found that, Telenomus remus Nixon and Trichogramma chilonis Ishii preferred to co-parasitise the egg mass of Spodoptera frugiperda. In conclusion, releasing Trichogramma chilonis Ishii when the infestation of Spodoptera frugiperda was mild could effectively control the population density of armyworm in the field, reduce the infestation rate and increase the egg parasitism rate, which was one of the effective biological measures to control Spodoptera frugiperda in the field. Only release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii could not achieve good control effect when the field damage was heavy. Release of Trichogramma chilonis Ishii to control Spodoptera frugiperda needs to seize the moment.

  Exploration on the Factors Influencing the Parasitism Effect of Trichogramma Against Leguminivora glycinivorella in China CHEN Haipeng, SONG Qun, LIU Jingyi, SUN Yanchun 2023, 39 (20):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0132 Abstract + ( 133 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 31 ) Parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are irreplaceable for the biological control of Leguminivora glycinivorella and the sustainable development of agricultural, due to their advantages of simple operation, environmentally friendly and obstruction of pest resistance. In order to understand the insecticidal efficacy of Trichogramma against Leguminivora glycinivorella and the important factors influencing the parasitism effect of Trichogramma, the status quo, influencing factors and latest progress of research on Trichogramma against Leguminivora glycinivorella in China were reviewed. Trichogramma exhibit a very broad application prospect due to its egg parasitism which can kill Leguminivora glycinivorella at the early stage of eggs, with advantages of green efficiently. The studies on Trichogramma against Leguminivora glycinivorella have been carried out extensively in China, and most of them focus on the identification of factors influencing the parasitism effect of Trichogramma. And further explorations are continued to carry out. By analyzing and summarizing the studies, the future development directions on Trichogramma against Leguminivora glycinivorella were discussed. Aiming to provide theoretical reference for further application of Trichogramma to control Leguminivora glycinivorella in future.

  Research Progress of Effects of Vitamin A on Reproductive Performance of Male Animals LU Siyu, LI Jingxuan, WANG Yan, LONG Cheng, CHEN Li, GUO Yong, QI Xiaolong 2023, 39 (20):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0582 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1153KB )   ( 1035 ) In modern animal husbandry, with the wide application of artificial insemination technology, the requirements for semen quality of male animals have been rising. Nutritional regulation is one of the most important methods to improve animal reproductive performance and increase economic efficiency. As one of the essential nutrients for animals, vitamin A has an important role in regulating the reproductive performance of male animals, in addition to promoting bone development, maintaining metabolism and regulating embryonic growth. This paper briefly describes the properties and metabolism of vitamin A and its effects on the reproductive performance of male animals, in order to provide a theoretical reference for improving the fertility of breeding animals through nutritional regulation technology.

  Preparation, Physicochemical Indexes and Application Potential of Perilla Seed Oil Microcapsule YU Jiaxin, ZHANG Weihuan, WANG Han, SUN Hui, LI Chongwei 2023, 39 (20):  125-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0604 Abstract + ( 143 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1663KB )   ( 19 ) In order to protect the biological activity of polyunsaturated fatty acids of perilla seed oil and expand its application, we prepared perilla seed oil microcapsules by spray drying method with acacia and β-cyclodextrin as wall materials and then determined the physicochemical indexes of the microcapsules. The results showed that perilla seed oil microcapsules had good solubility of 74.65%, with water content of 2.17%, bulking density of 0.43 g/cm3, and the angle of repose of 36.27°. The average diameter was 17.52 μm, which could not cause swallowing sensation, and the embedding rate was 86.52%. The relative content of unsaturated fatty acids in microencapsulated perilla seed oil was 70.85%, which was not significantly different from non-microencapsulated perilla seed oil (P>0.05), indicating that spray drying method did not destroy the nutritional components of perilla seed oil. The glass transition temperature of the microcapsules was 92.85℃, showing that the surface structure of the microcapsules could not be destroyed by daily temperature treatment. With the increase of heat treatment time, the increase rate of peroxide value (POV) and barbituric acid value (TBA) of the microcapsules were significantly lower than that of perilla seed oil (P<0.05), indicating that the microcapsules had better storage stability. Thus, the perilla seed oil microcapsule can be added into hot drinks, especially infant formula milk powder, and has a very broad application prospect.

  Residue Behavior of Thiamethoxam in Chinese Flowering Cabbage Analyzed by Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry LI Rumei, LIU Tongjin, LIANG Hui, FENG Yizhi, LIANG Lin, LI Ruijuan, YU Jianlei 2023, 39 (20):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0552 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 17 ) In order to research the residue behavior of thiamethoxam in Chinese flowering cabbage, the final residue trials of thiamethoxam in Chinese flowering cabbage were carried out in five provinces and one city, and the dissipation dynamic trials were carried out in two provinces. Samples were purified by solid phase extraction column, detected by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), and quantified by external standard method. The results showed that the recoveries of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin were 89%-102% and 93%-100%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 5.8%-8.5% and 4.0%-9.5%, under the spiked levels of 0.01-1 mg/kg. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of thiamethoxam and its metabolite clothianidin was 0.01 mg/kg. The half-lives of thiamethoxam in Chinese flowering cabbage were 1.2 and 1.8 days in Shandong Province and Anhui Province, respectively. The results of final residue trials in five provinces and one city showed that the residue level of thiamethoxam in Chinese flowering cabbage was <LOQ~0.125mg/kg 10 days after application when the dosage was 56.25-84.375 g a.i./hm2 and the application was 2 to 3 times. The recommended application of 25% thiamethoxam WG to control Phyllotreta striolata in Chinese flowering cabbage was 2 times at the maximum dosage of 56.25 a.i.g/hm2 with a safe interval of 7 days.

  Isolation and Identification of Aeromonas Veroni from Diseased Acrossocheilius Hemispinus ZHANG Jingjing 2023, 39 (20):  138-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0781 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1802KB )   ( 17 ) The bacterial isolation, identification and drug sensitivity of diseased Acrossocheilius hemispinus with skin ulceration, surface hemorrhage, swollen and bleeding liver were studied. The bacterial strain was isolated and purified from liver tissue of the diseased fish and injected intramuscularly into healthy Acrossocheilius hemispinus. Full-length sequences of 16S rDNA and gyrB gene were obtained by PCR amplification of pathogenic bacteria, while physiological and biochemical identification, virulent genes detection, and drug sensitivity study were also conducted. The isolated strain was numbered as AS0829L1, and the artificial infection experiments showed that pathogenic groups of 5×1010, 5×109, 5×108 CFU/mL could cause 100%, 100%and 28.6% mortality, respectively. The BLAST result indicated the sequences of 16S rDNA and gyrB were homologous to the corresponding sequence of Aeromonas veronii in Genbank, with homology as high as 99.93% and 99.34%, respectively. Comprehensive molecular biology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, virulence gene detection results demonstrated the separate strain was Aeromonas veronii bv.sobria. The drug sensitivity test showed the isolated strain was highly sensitive to 20 antibacterial drugs including cefuroxime, cefoperazone, gentamicin, neomycin, enrofloxacin and ofloxacin, moderate sensitive to 5 antibacterial drugs including carboxybenzillin, streptomycin, flufenicol, and resistant to 12 antibacterial drugs including penicillin, norfloxacin, erythromycin. In this study, the pathogen of the diseased Acrossocheilius hemispinus was identified and the drug sensitivity test of the isolated strain was carried out, which provided a research basis for the prevention and control of diseases in aquaculture production.

  Morphological Variation and Path Analysis of Four Strains of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis) WANG Fen, SONG Guangtong, CHEN Zhu, XU Bin, JI Suofei, ZHOU Xiang, XU Xiaona, HOU Guanjun, ZHANG Ye, LI Duan, ZHU Chengjun, SU Youfeng, DONG ZhenXing, JIANG Yelin 2023, 39 (20):  147-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0560 Abstract + ( 322 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 20 ) To investigate the germplasm resource in Anhui province, morphological differences of Wubie, Japanese, Yangtze (Anhui section) and Huanghe strains were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, clustering analysis, principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, while the correlation between weight and shape was analyzed by pearson correlation analysis, path analysis and stepwise regression analysis. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the strains of Wubie and Yangtze were clustered into a single clade, and the strains of Japanese and Huanghe were clustered into a single clade. The coefficients of canonical discriminant functions for the four strains were established, and the results showed that the comprehensive discriminant accuracy was 67.5%. The results of path analysis showed that body height (BH) and carapace length (CL)were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of the Wubie strain, and the multiple regression equation was established as YWubie=-824.466+23.628BH+2.305CL. Carapace width (CW) and head width (HW) were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of the Japanese strain, and the multiple regression equation was established as YJapan=-1501.849+10.911CW+32.503HW. Carapace width (CW), head width (HW) and carapace length (CL) were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of Yangtze strain, and the multiple regression equation was established as YYangtze=-544.065+8.175PL-13.882HW+4.101CW. Carapace length (CL), plastron width (PW) and plastron length (PL) were the main characteristics that affected the body weight of Huanghe strain, and the multiple regression equation was established as YHuanghe=-1399.419+8.681CL+4.604PW+4.361PL. Different strains showed different morphological characteristics, and the main morphological characters affecting body weight are also different. Purposeful breeding could improve the breeding efficiency effectively.

  Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factors of Litchi Specialized Villages in Guangdong Province ZHAO Yongqi, LIANG Junfen 2023, 39 (20):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0609 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2204KB )   ( 379 ) Litchi is a representative of characteristic agriculture in Guangdong Province, spatial distribution and formation of litchi specialized villages are directly related to the regional layout of characteristic agriculture. Based on the data of litchi specialized villages in the "one village, one product" (one village with one representative agricultural product) assessment of Guangdong Province, this paper used methods such as nearest neighbor index and kernel density estimation to analyze the spatial point pattern, and used spatial autocorrelation analysis to analyze the spatial surface pattern of litchi specialized villages. The results show that: (1) the spatial distribution of litchi specialized villages in Guangdong Province has significantly regional differences, which is uniform in eastern and northern Guangdong, and agglomerated in the Pearl River Delta and western Guangdong. (2) Kernel density estimation shows that the cluster cores of litchi specialized villages in Guangdong Province are distributed in the border areas of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Huizhou on the east coast of the Pearl River Delta, as well as Maoming in western Guangdong and northern Zhanjiang, showing a sharp decrease from the center to the periphery. At the same time, blank fault zones are formed in Foshan, Zhongshan, Zhuhai and Jiangmen. (3) Spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the distribution of litchi specialized villages in Guangdong Province has obvious county agglomeration, and there are 8 areas with obvious high-high agglomeration. (4) The spatial distribution of litchi specialized villages in Guangdong Province is affected by factors such as geographical environment and natural endowment, historical formation and cultural transmission, government behavior and policy support, urbanization and industrialization. The research can provide certain scientific support for the sustainable development of litchi planting in Guangdong Province and the policy-making in regional rural revitalization relying on the litchi industry.