Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.19 Published:05 July 2023

  Response of Photosynthetic Characteristic Parameters of Cotton at Flower and Boll Stages to Drought Stress Under Mulched Drip Irrigation CHEN Xue, JI Chunrong, BAKE Batur, HU Qirui, YANG Mingfeng, GUO Yanyun, LIU Ailin 2023, 39 (19):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0108 Abstract + ( 118 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1423KB )   ( 57 ) In order to clarify the response degree and key threshold of cotton photosynthetic characteristic parameters to drought under mulched drip irrigation, four kinds of continuous drought stress simulation tests with different water gradients were carried out for cotton at flowering and boll stage, and the response and influence threshold of cotton leaf photosynthetic characteristic parameters during the occurrence and development of cotton drought were analyzed. The results revealed that after 10 days of drought stress, cotton fields under different water gradients entered different degrees of drought development. At the start of drought stress, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of cotton leaves decreased significantly. As drought stress progressed, the differences in the values of each parameter stabilized, which indicated that cotton could improve its drought resistance adaptability by adjusting photosynthetic rate in the face of persistent drought. The critical soil relative moisture was 46%-52% and the corresponding leaf moisture content was 70.8%-71.3% when the photosynthetic characteristic parameters of cotton were significantly reduced due to drought. With the occurrence and development of drought, the soil moisture was 41%±1% and the corresponding leaf water content was 66.1%±0.3% when the leaf photosynthesis changed from stomatal restriction to non-stomatal restriction. The results of this study can provide reference for identification of drought occurrence degree of oasis cotton field under mulched drip irrigation and the selection of different time nodes to take different degrees of rehydration measures.

  Preliminary Research on Reducing Effect of Different Fertilization Measures on Continuous Cropping Obstacles of Tobacco GUO Shanhu, WU Zhongming, WANG Yongping, ZHANG Jintao, XU Sai, WU Jia, DING Borui, DA Yingfei, ZHANG Mingtian, LUO Qipeng 2023, 39 (19):  9-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0544 Abstract + ( 105 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1259KB )   ( 32 ) The paper aims to study the effects of bio-organic fertilizer, microbial inoculants and glutathione on the growth and quality of continuous cropping tobacco. Using ‘Yunyan 87' as the experimental material, the field experiment was carried out on the flue-cured tobacco plots for many years. The effects of different treatments on the growth and quality of tobacco were evaluated by taking the agronomic, economic and internal quality of tobacco as the indicator. On the basis of conventional fertilization, the application of bio organic fertilizer, functional microbial agents and glutathione could promote tobacco early and rapid growth, improve the agronomic properties, disease resistance, economic properties and the coordination of chemical components of middle and upper leaves. The application effect of functional microbial agent B and functional microbial agent C were better in improving the agronomic and economic properties of tobacco. In term of improving the disease resistance of tobacco plants, functional microbial agent B was the best, followed by biological organic fertilizer and functional microbial agent C. The application of functional microbial agent B and 10% glutathione had better effect on improving tobacco quality. On the whole, the three treatments treated with microbial agents were high on the yield and output value, and the proportion of medium and high-grade tobacco was high as well, and the overall performance was excellent. They could improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in long-term continuous cropping areas, and had promotion value.

  The Comparative Study on Propagule Weights of 65 Plant Species in the Xianghai Natural Reserve of Jilin Province YAN Shougang, LIU Zhimin, LI Xiaodong 2023, 39 (19):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0487 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 24 ) Taking 65 plant species in the elm forests of sand dunes in Xianghai Natural Reserve of western Jilin Province as the research object, the weights of plant propagules (19 kinds of seeds, 46 kinds of fruits) were compared, and the functional differences of reproductive strategies of different plant types in semi-arid habitat and their roles in the evolution of vegetation regeneration were analyzed. The results indicated that the individual weight of plants whose propagules were seeds was divided into 4 groups (<0.1, 0.1-1, 1-10, and 10-100 mg), the individual weight of plants whose propagules were fruits was divided into 5 groups (<0.1, 0.1-1, 1-10, 10-100, and 100-200 mg). The weight per seed or fruit of the plant propagules varied greatly, from 0.0096 mg for the lightest seed of Orobanche coerulescens to 131.50 mg for the heaviest fruit of Tribulus terrestris. The plant species, such as Chenopodium aristatum, Agrostis clavata, Typha minima, Artemisia lavandulaefolia, Chenopodium acuminatum, Setaria viridis, Taraxacum mongolicum, Calamagrostis epigejos, Saussurea amara and Ixeris chinensis, could distribute widely in the Xianghai Natural Reserve on account of the lighter weight of propagules with the help of wind dispersal. Moreover, the plant species, such as Chenopodium aristatum, Orobanche coerulescens, Puccinellia tenuiflora, Potentilla discolor, Chenopodium acuminatum, Silene jenisseensis, Plantago depressa, Lythrum virgatum, Setaria viridis, Thymus serpylium, Polygonum thunbergii, Thalictrum simplex, Galium verum and Sium suave, could be of persistent soil seed banks on account of the lighter weight (<1 mg) and approximate spherosome shape of propagules. In semi-arid sandy areas, plants form special reproductive strategies with the help of propagule morphology, which reduces the risk of population survival to a certain extent and has an important ecological significance for sustainable population reproduction.

  Leaf Color Temporal Variation of Three Acer Species in Autumn LI Hong, SUN Bo, QU Yanting, ZHANG Hongyun, YANG Yihua 2023, 39 (19):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0169 Abstract + ( 307 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1463KB )   ( 22 ) The paper aims to evaluate the ornamental value of Acer leaf color in autumn, the Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, A. triflorum and A. mandshuricum leaves were chose as the experimental materials to observe and analyze the leaf morphological characteristics, leaf color temporal changes and leaf color parameters during the discoloration period. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf morphological characteristics (leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/ width, leaf circumference and leaf area) among the three Acer species. The leaf morphology of A. mandshuricum and A. triflorum was similar. The leaf area of A. triflorum was the largest, and that of A. pseudo-sieboldianum was the smallest. The leaf circumference from large to small was: A. mandshuricum> A. pseudo-sieboldianum> A. triflorum. The ornamental period of the three Acer species was from the end of September to the end of October, and A. triflorum had the longest ornamental period. A. mandshuricum had the richest changes in leaf color in autumn and the most ornamental. The leaf color parameters L* and b* both showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, while the leaf color parameter a* showed a trend of increasing gradually, which was consistent with the change of leaf color.

  Effect of Hail Net on Microenvironment, Yield and Quality of Dryland Tomato SU Xiumin, HAN Wenqing, WANG Jiao, LI Peng, WANG Qiulan, LIU Yongzhong 2023, 39 (19):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0575 Abstract + ( 103 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 32 ) In order to screen out suitable aperture and cover mode of hail net for dryland tomato in Huguan County, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, hail suppression nets with apertures of 5 mm×5 mm, 8 mm×8 mm and 10 mm×10 mm were used to compare the effects of different treatments (setting up hail net only at the top, all around, and no hail net on) on temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, light intensity, soil moisture content, plant height, stem diameter, maximum spreading degree, yield and quality. The results showed that appropriately setting up hail net could affect the microenvironment in the hail net, make the tomato plants stronger, and improve the yield and quality. Among them, the hail net with aperture of 8 mm×8 mm and covering only the top was the best way for tomato growth in dryland.

  Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction on Growth, Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Pepper LI Haifeng, LIU Guohong, GUO Hongmei, WU Jiuyun, MAI MAI TI· Huxidan, A MU TI· Rexidan, LIU Zhigang 2023, 39 (19):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0522 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1429KB )   ( 28 ) To study the effects of chemical fertilizer reduction on growth, yield and quality of greenhouse pepper, five treatments including conventional fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer reduction by 18% (T1), chemical fertilizer reduction by 28% (T2), chemical fertilizer reduction by 38% (T3) and chemical fertilizer reduction by 48% (T4) were respectively set to measure the growth, yield and quality of pepper. Principal component analysis was used to evaluate the growth characteristics, quality and yield of pepper under different fertilization treatments. The results showed that T1 and T2 treatments had better performance among different fertilization treatments. The plant height and stem diameter of T1 treatment increased by 13.83% and 22.07%, soluble protein content increased by 104.15% and yield increased by 22.30% compared with CK treatment. The root activity of T2 was the highest, which increased by 37.48% compared with CK, and the vitamin C and soluble sugar content were the highest, which increased by 20.42% and 9.69% compared with CK, respectively, but the yield was lower than CK. Through principal component analysis, the comprehensive score of each treatment group from high to low was T1>CK>T2>T4>T3. In conclusion, 18% reduction of chemical fertilizer was the optimal fertilizer application level for pepper, which had the best effect on promoting growth, increasing yield and improving quality of pepper.

  Effects of Quality Improvement Techniques on Fruit Quality and Yield of Ziyun Plum LUO Changguo, YUAN Qifeng, CHEN Shouyi, TIAN Xiaohui 2023, 39 (19):  39-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0547 Abstract + ( 107 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 38 ) Taking Ziyun plum as the research object, through measuring and analyzing indexes such as fruit size, color, quality, kernel, yield, pesticide residues, etc., the effects of quality improvement techniques and common management techniques on fruit quality and yield were studied. The results showed that the application of the techniques could significantly improve the fruit quality of Ziyun plum. Under the quality improvement techniques, single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, soluble solids, soluble sugar, sugar-acid ratio, fruit stalk diameter, solid-acid ratio, red-green value, yellow-blue value, the length, width and thickness of fruit kernel, and the yield of Ziyun plum were significantly higher than those of the control. The soluble solids content, soluble sugar content, yield per plant and yield per unit area were increased by 13.87%, 11.75%, 37.33% and 37.37%, respectively, while the content of titratable acid was decreased by 13.83%. Only carbendazim, difenoconazole and cyhalothrin were detected in the conventional pesticide residue control, and their detected values were far lower than the limit value of green food, and other pesticides were not detected.

  Study on the Condition Optimization for Pollen Vitality Test of Kiwifruit XU Da, WANG Mengqin, DONG Yunlong, ZHANG Yunfeng 2023, 39 (19):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0532 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1734KB )   ( 18 ) Artificial supplementary pollination is one of the important technical guarantees for efficient cultivation of kiwifruit, and the pollen quality is the top limiting factor for artificial pollination during the cultivation. Based on the orthogonal experiment and the response surface design, the condition optimization for pollen vitality test with TTC staining was studied with differential pollen samples of kiwifruit purchased from e-commerce platforms. Meanwhile, the correlations of pollen vitality with in vitro germination rate of pollen and fruit setting rate were analyzed. The results showed that the pollen amount, pollen vigor, germination rate and fruit setting rate had obvious differences among the pollen samples. The best condition for TTC staining test of kiwifruit pollen vitality was TTC concentration of 0.7%, dyeing temperature of 30℃, and dyeing time of 25 min. The optimum condition for pollen germination was boric acid of 0.2% and sucrose content of 15%. The results also showed that the pollen germination rate and fruit setting rate had high correlation during artificial pollination, but the pollen vitality and the germination rate was not well consistent. And some pollen samples bought from e-commerce platforms had low pollen vitality and low fruit setting rate. Therefore, the on-line business of agricultural production materials should be well managed and supervised.

  Research Progress on Regulation of Anthocyanins in Fruit Trees by Environmental Factors and Endogenous Substances WANG Shuo, ZHENG Xiuwen, LIU Guan, ZHANG Mengmeng 2023, 39 (19):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0540 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1384KB )   ( 27 ) The synthetic pathway of anthocyanins has been roughly determined, but there is still a lack of comprehensive and systematic elaboration of the effects of environmental factors and endogenous substances on the accumulation of anthocyanins. According to the domestic and foreign research progress, by summarizing the effects of light, temperature, mineral elements and other environmental factors, as well as endogenous hormones and other substances on the accumulation of anthocyanins in fruit trees, it was found that strong light, low temperature, some mineral elements, moderate drought, acidic environment, sugars and ethylene had a protective effect on the stability of anthocyanins, and could promote the synthesis of anthocyanins. Such research can provide a theoretical basis for the further improvement of fruit color and nutritional quality of fruit trees, provide a reference direction for the breeding, research and development of fruit varieties, and also provide theoretical guidance for the extraction, processing, transportation and storage of anthocyanins in fruit trees, so as to promote the full accumulation and comprehensive utilization of fine and natural phytochemicals in fruit trees. However, the specific mechanisms of environmental factors and endogenous hormones in the anthocyanin regulatory network still need to be further studied with the help of molecular biology, epigenetics and other biotechnology in the future.

  Effects of Drought Stress and Rehydration on Physiological Characteristics of Hemerocallis fulva WANG Yang, YU Senmiao, WANG Jingyang, SONG Hailong, LEI Yaodong, ZHANG Haiyan, LIU Bo 2023, 39 (19):  58-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0394 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 30 ) To study the effects of drought stress and rehydration on the physiological characteristics of day lily (Hemerocallis fulva), the changes of relative water content, chlorophyll, relative electrical conductivity, antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic regulation substances in leaves were measured by water control in pot culture to simulate drought and rewatering. The results showed that: (1) with the progress of drought stress, the leaf relative water content in mild, moderate and severe drought treatments decreased gradually, and recovered after rewatering, but still significantly lower than that of the control treatment (P<0.05). (2) The chlorophyll content increased at first and then decreased, and increased after rewatering. The chlorophyll content of mild and moderate drought stress treatments was not significantly different from that of the control group (P>0.05). (3) The relative conductivity was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05) until 28 days, and the relative conductivity of each treatment group decreased significantly after rehydration. With the extension of stress time, the content of MDA in mild, moderate and severe drought treatments increased gradually, and decreased rapidly after rewatering, but it was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). (4) Soluble sugar and proline increased continuously in the three treatment groups. After rehydration, the contents of soluble sugar and proline in all treatment groups decreased significantly, but they were still significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). (5) The activities of SOD, POD and CAT in each treatment group increased in varying degrees. After rehydration, the activities of POD, SOD and CAT in mild, moderate and severe drought treatments decreased, but still higher than the normal level.

  Research Progress of Double Flower and Its Molecular Mechanism PENG Jie, LIU Yin, WU Ronghua, FENG Hui, CHAN Yuan, YANG Yipeng, ZHANG Hua 2023, 39 (19):  65-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0894 Abstract + ( 117 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1486KB )   ( 37 ) Double flowers are one of the main ornamental characters of ornamental plants. This paper mainly describes the current research progress of double flowers at home and abroad, summarizes the various origins of double flowers. The molecular mechanism of the ABC model of flower organs and the ABCDE model affecting the formation of double flowers was overviewed, and the influence of external factors temperature, hormones and leaves on the re-petals of the petals was expounded. Study results showed that the formation of double flapping character was related to the origin of double flapping, molecular mechanism and other external factors. The research on double flowers provides the theoretical basis for the development of double petals and the cultivation of new varieties, as well as the reference for the research on double flowers.

  Investigation of Wild Ornamental Plants in Shanxi Luya Mountain Nature Reserve CAO Dongmei, JIA Minlong, ZHANG Xiaogang, WANG Yunshan 2023, 39 (19):  73-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0546 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 32 ) Luya Mountain Nature Reserve is a high-altitude scenic spot in Shanxi Province, with rich and diverse wild vegetation which has great research and development value. Based on general survey and designated survey, field research on the ornamental plants in the reserve was conducted. The investigation shows that there are 155 species of wild ornamental plants belong to 42 families and 113 genera, and the vast majority of them are herbaceous plants, accounting for 81.3%. Among them, there are 113 species of wild medicinal plants, belonging to 89 genera of 35 families. The reserve has 2 national protected plants, namely Malaxis monophyllos and Tamarix taklamakanensis, and 2 local protected plants of the province. There are also some distinctive plants which can serve as chemical raw materials, directly edible plants and oil crops. In summary, the wild ornamental plant resources in Luya Mountain are abundant. The results of this study can provide reference for the rational development and utilization of wild plant resources, the biodiversity research and the formulation of conservation strategy.

  The Rhizosphere Bacterial Community of Gastrodia elata Under Continuous Cropping in Yiliang County, Yunnan Province CAI Liqiong, CHEN Rui, YANG Deqiang, ZHAO Changlin 2023, 39 (19):  80-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0567 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2690KB )   ( 24 ) In the development of Gastrodia elata industry, the problem of continuous cropping obstacle has gradually emerged, and the balance of microflora in the rhizosphere of Gastrodia elata has been damaged, which may be one of the causes of continuous cropping obstacles. To explore the effects of different numbers of continuous cropping on the structure and diversity of bacterial community in Gastrodia elata rhizosphere soil, the soil samples were collected from Yiliang County of Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province, including unplanted soil (cha001), the first crop soil (cha002) and the second crop soil (cha003), to analyze soil bacterial community by the high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that a total of 1245904 effective bacterial sequences and 2068 OTU were obtained, in which the OTU within the second crop soil (cha003) were the richest (1746 OTUs), and the bacterial community abundance (ACE index 1619.98, Chao1 index 1643.94) and diversity (Shannon index 8.82) were the highest. According to the diversity analysis, ACE index, Chao1 index and Shannon index increased with the continuous cropping period, while the Simpson index had no significant difference (P<0.05). Three phyla of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were dominant and the abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria increased with the continuous cropping period, while Chloroflexi showed a decreasing trend. The dominant classes were Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria and Ktedonobacteria, the dominant orders were Acidobactertales, Rhizobiales, Solibacterales and Ktedonobacterales, and the dominant genera were uncultured_bacterium_o_Acidobacteriales, uncultured_bacterium_c_AD3 and Bryobacter. The continuous cropping obstacles could change the abundance and diversity of bacteria community of rhizosphere and destroy the original rhizosphere microecological balance, thus reducing the plant growth, increase the risk of diseases and pests, decrease the yield and benefit of Gastrodia elata production and have an impact on farmers' income.

  Climate Suitability for Planting Quinoa in Shuozhou ZHU Caifen, LIU Ruilan, TANG Lina, LI Xiaoting, TIAN Fenping, Wen Jianya 2023, 39 (19):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0566 Abstract + ( 98 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1653KB )   ( 38 ) The climatic suitability of quinoa planting in Shuozhou was studied based on the meteorological data of six national meteorological observation stations from 1991 to 2020. The average temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration and average maximum temperature from June to August in this region were selected as evaluation indexes and spatially analyzed by Excel and ArcGIS technology, and mathematical statistics, moving average and inverse distance weighted methods were adopted to conduct the interpolation of each index. The precise meteorological index distribution layer and quinoa planting climate suitability zoning map layer, namely most suitable area, sub-suitable area and unsuitable area, were subsequently obtained based on the reclassification and vector superposition of each factor according to its suitable level. The results showed that most of Pinglu District, the adjacent area of the northwestern mountainous area of Shuocheng District and Pinglu District, and a small part in the middle of Shanyin County were considered to be the most suitable areas for quinoa planting, and most of Shanyin County and Huairen City were classified to be sub-suitable area for quinoa planting due to one adverse meteorological condition in these areas. Two or more adverse meteorological conditions, which were unsuitable for the growth and yield formation of quinoa, were found in Youyu County, most of Shuocheng District and Yingxian County. To promote the planting of quinoa in the sub-suitable area and the unsuitable area, artificial adjustment measures must be applied to reduce the influence of adverse meteorological conditions, otherwise, the yield would be significantly affected compared with that of the suitable area.

  Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Accumulated Temperature in the Great Khingan Forest Area of Inner Mongolia from 1970 to 2019 ZHANG Ru, DU Jinling, MA Xiuzhi, ZOU Yihang, HAO Chenyang, FU Yu 2023, 39 (19):  93-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0543 Abstract + ( 287 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2555KB )   ( 58 ) Based on the daily average temperature data from 1970-2019 at 11 meteorological stations in the Great Khingan forest area of Inner Mongolia, we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of accumulated temperature under the background of climate change. MK mutation test and wavelet analysis were used to study the changes of the initial date, termination date, continuous days and accumulated temperature under different boundary temperatures. The results showed that the first day of positive accumulated temperature was advanced and the last day was postponed; the negative accumulated temperature showed the opposite trend. In terms of time, the variation range of accumulated temperature at different boundary temperatures was different, but as a whole, it showed an increasing trend due to the change of continuous days, and the variation trend of each station was basically the same as that of the whole stations. The positive accumulated temperature mutated around 1994, rose significantly in the later period and passed the 0.05 level significance test. There were multiple mutation time points in the negative accumulated temperature in 1980s. The cyclical changes of each accumulated temperature fluctuated significantly within the 2 a scale. Spatially, latitude and altitude had obvious effects on the variation of accumulated temperature, and the overall accumulated temperature decreased from south to north, and the accumulated temperature in Aershan decreased due to the influence of altitude.

  Leaf Diseases of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus: Pathogen Isolation and Identification and Disease Control NIE Fengjie, GAN Xiaoyan, ZHANG Li, GONG Lei, LIU Xuan, YANG Wenjing, SONG Yuxia 2023, 39 (19):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0574 Abstract + ( 88 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 2050KB )   ( 20 ) The high incidence of leaf disease in Ammopiptanthus mongolicus is a serious threat to the normal growth of plants. In order to identify the pathogenic bacteria causing leaf diseases of A. mongolicus and develop disease control scheme, morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis were used to identify the pathogenic bacteria, and field spraying agents were used to determine the control effect of fungicides on the diseases. The results showed that the diseases on the leaves of A. mongolicus were caused by pathogenic fungi. The mycelia in vitro were villous and dense, gray and white, and the back of the mycelia was gray and black. Under microscope, the mycelia were straight and flexible, with septum, and produced dark conidia stalks, which extended in axial form, with single conidia at the top. ITS sequence identification was 100% similar to Alternaria destruens ATCC 204363 (NR_13714 3.1), and it was preliminary identified as Deuteromycotina, Hyphomycetes, Hyphomycetales, Altemaria. Field control experiments with different agents showed that 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder sprayed twice had a control effect of 87%, and the control effect of Bordeaux solution 2000 times was 57.9%. The control effect of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder was better than that of Bordeaux solution 2000 times. The morphological characteristics and identification results of the pathogenic fungi are reported for the first time, and the field control scheme of the diseases is formulated, which can provide a theoretical basis and effective technical measures for the disease control.

  The Comprehensive Prevention and Control Techniques of Asparagus Stem Blight: Research Progress SUN Qiang, ZHAO Feng, CHEN Hongfan, DU Yixin, SHI Niuniu, XIAO Hongyong, YIN Changfa, LI Xiangmin, LAN Bo, YANG Yingqing 2023, 39 (19):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0501 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1827KB )   ( 31 ) In this paper, the taxonomic status of the asparagus stem blight fungus and its cultural characteristics on potato dextrose agar medium plates were introduced. The color and morphology of sporulation apparatus, such as stroma and pycnidium, were described. Shapes and sizes of the two types of conidia from pathogenic fungi were summarized. The symptoms of asparagus stem blight in field, the occurrence conditions of chronic and acute lesion and the key points of identification were introduced in detail. The occurrence of asparagus stem blight was elaborated from the following aspects, i.e. initial infection source after overwintering, release and germination of overwintering conidia, infection period of the disease and epidemic law of the disease. In this paper, the agricultural control measures on asparagus stem blight were summarized from the aspects of removing the diseased stems from the root disks, delaying the retention of the mother stems in spring, and covering the root disks with sand. The main biological control measures of asparagus stem blight were summarized from the aspects of chitosan-induced resistance to stem blight and biocontrol bacteria to stem blight of asparagus. The progress in chemical control of asparagus stem blight was reviewed from the aspects of fungicide inhibition, fungicide resistance, fungicide control effect and pesticide screening. It was suggested that the control of asparagus stem blight should be based on the agricultural control measures aiming at reducing the source of pathogenic fungi and cutting off the route of transmission, and the integrated control mode should be mainly based on biological control and supplemented by chemical control, to meet people's demand for green food.

  Sample Preparation Methods for Pesticide Residue of Wild Chinese Medicinal Materials: A Review LI Rui, GUO Yang, ZHANG Shuwu, JIANG Qiong 2023, 39 (19):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0090 Abstract + ( 90 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 22 ) To further promote the accuracy and data reliability of pesticide residue analysis and determination of wild Chinese medicinal materials, this paper described the methods for collecting and preparing samples with pesticide residual from three rare wild Chinese medicinal materials, and summarized related pretreatment techniques, including extracting technique of Cordyceps sinensis, slicing and crushing of Panax ginseng, and spore wall breaking of Ganoderma lucidum. Sample collection and preparation, which are the first step of sample pretreatment in pesticide residue analysis, have impacts on the handling of samples as well as the analytical and determination results. Therefore, a scientific and reasonable sample preparation method is of great significance for the quality and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

  Comprehensive Analysis of the Forage Quality of Sweet Sorghum ZHANG Wei, ZHANG Yang, WANG Guan, SHAO Rongfeng, XUE Dingding, CHANG Yuhui, YAN Hao, ZHAO Weijun 2023, 39 (19):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0578 Abstract + ( 82 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 21 ) In order to explore the relationship between different forage indexes of forage sweet sorghum, comprehensively evaluate forage sweet sorghum varieties, and improve the breeding process of new varieties, 19 forage indexes of 13 sweet sorghum varieties were analyzed by variation analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation coefficient of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF), which could best reflect the quality of forage grass, were all less than 10%, while the variation coefficient of starch, Brix and element indexes were all greater than 15%. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high protein germplasm resources in forage sweet sorghum breeding. Correlation analysis showed that ADF was significantly positively correlated with NDF (P<0.01), and calcium content was significantly positively correlated with total digestible nutrients and relative forage value (RFV) (P<0.01). 19 forage indexes were divided into 4 principal components by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 90.49%. The comprehensive analysis showed that the top 5 varieties were J205, TP3, TP14, TP83 and TP5, which had better comprehensive forage quality. The 13 varieties were divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis, among which, J205 and TP3 were the high comprehensive quality forage varieties.

  The Growth Performance of Pennisetum Forage Varieties in Shandong BAI Shanshan, WANG Zhaofeng, SONG Xiliang, WANG Guoliang, ZHANG Xiaoxia, WANG Benting, JIANG Huixin 2023, 39 (19):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0538 Abstract + ( 94 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 20 ) To enrich the suitable forage species in Shandong, this paper reports the observations on the growth traits, yield and quality of five Pennisetum varieties which were introduced from south China and planted for two production cycles from 2019 to 2020. The comprehensive evaluation was conducted with grey relational analysis to identify the most suitable varieties in this region. The results showed that the ratio of leaf/whole plant, the ratio of stem/whole plant and the ratio of leaf/stem of each crop of forage grass among the tested varieties were significantly different, and the plant height was not obviously different. The leaf/whole plant ratio and leaf/stem ratio of Pennisetum purpureum ‘Red' (RED) were the largest, and the stem/whole plant ratio of P. purpureum× P. glaucum ‘Reyan No.4' (RY4), P. purpureum ‘Guiminyin' (GMY) and P. purpureum ‘Guimu No.1' (GM1) were relatively high. The average yield of fresh and hay grass of the tested varieties were 120.36 and 20.20 t/hm2 respectively, and the fresh grass yield and hay yield of GMY, P. sinese (JJC) and GM1 were higher than those of other tested varieties. The results also showed that the CP content of each crop of forage grass of the varieties was higher than 11%, but the difference was not significant (P>0.05), and the content of NDF, ADF and ADL were also not significantly different among the varieties in most crops (P>0.05). The grey correlation analysis results indicated that GM1, GMY and RED had better comprehensive performance in yield and quality, and were suitable for promotion in this region.

  Application of Bee Pollination in Pepper Hybrid Seed Production LIANG Chengliang, YANG Sha, CHEN Wenchao, ZHANG Zhuqing, ZHOU Shudong, LI Xuefeng, LI Xin, ZOU Gaofeng, YIN Xiao, LIU Feng, DAI Xiongze 2023, 39 (19):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0561 Abstract + ( 165 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1240KB )   ( 42 ) To further explore the role of bee pollination in pepper hybrid seed production, an experiment was carried out in 2020 in Shanxi Province to study the effects of different bee species, the planting ratio of male and female parents of pepper, and types of female parent on honeybee pollination. The results showed that the yield of seed production per unit area under bee pollination could reach 50% of that of artificial pollination, the input per unit area could be reduced to 32.5% of that of artificial pollination, and the profit rate could be nearly three times that of artificial pollination. Bee pollination can improve the quantity and vigor of pepper seeds, and save the cost of pepper seed production. The economic benefit is very significant.

  Relationship Between Smoking Quality and Chemical Components of Upper Leaves of Main Flue-cured Tobacco Varieties in Hubei Province ZHANG Ting, LI Jinhai, LIAO Xiaoling, WANG Kang, PENG Longjun, LIU Jun, XIAO Shaohong, CHEN Hui 2023, 39 (19):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0512 Abstract + ( 99 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 23 ) In order to determine the key chemical components affecting the smoking quality of the upper leaves of main flue-cured tobacco varieties ‘Yunyan 87' and ‘K326' in Hubei Province, the nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, chlorine, sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio and other key chemical components of the upper leaves of the two varieties from 2010 to 2020 were determined, as well as the sensory evaluation indicators, including aroma quality, aroma amount, odor, irritation and aftertaste. The main chemical components affecting the quality of upper leaves were detected under statistical analysis. The variance analysis results indicated the occurrence of significant to extremely significant differences between ‘Yunyan 87' and ‘K326' in nicotine, total sugar, reducing sugar, chlorine, sugar-alkali ratio, nitrogen-alkali ratio, potassium-chlorine ratio, and total smoking score of upper leaves. The simple correlation analysis results illustrated that the positive correlation regarding the total smoking score including total sugar, reducing sugar, potassium, sugar-alkali ratio, potassium-chlorine ratio, and two sugar ratio showed significant to extremely significant relations, the negative correlation regarding the total smoking score including nicotine, chlorine, and total nitrogen showed significant to extremely significant relations. The stepwise regression and path analysis results showed that the key chemical indicators affecting the smoking quality of the upper leaves of ‘Yunyan 87' were reducing sugar, potassium and nicotine, and the key chemical indicators affecting the sensory smoking quality of the upper leaves of ‘K326' were potassium, reducing sugar and chlorine. To improve the smoking quality of upper tobacco leaves in Hubei, different treatments should be applied to different varieties. For ‘Yunyan 87', the production should focus on increasing the reducing sugar, regulating carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and synergistically increasing potassium and controlling alkali. For ‘K326', the key is to increase potassium, and moderately raise the reducing sugar and chlorine contents.

  The Quality Evaluation of Foeniculi fructus from Different Production Origins LIANG Huan, AN Yue 2023, 39 (19):  148-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-1009 Abstract + ( 412 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 36 ) The purpose of this study was to comprehensively understand the quality of Foeniculi fructus from various production origins in China. 21 batches of samples were collected from seven major production origins, and the volatile oil, trans anisole, Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb and 9 kinds of organochlorine pesticide residues were evaluated in accordance with the People's Republic of China Pharmacopoeia. The study showed that the quality of F. fructus was good, the volatile oil and trans anisole indexes of F. fructus from all production origins were higher than the pharmacopoeia standard requirements. The content of Hg, Cd, As, Cu, Pb heavy metals were low and the residues of nine organochlorine pesticides were zero, which meant that all samples of F. fructus met the safety requirements. The content of volatile oil and trans anisole was the highest in Yumen of Gansu Province, while the content of cumin in Minqin, Haiyuan, Jingtai of Gansu Province, Shuozhou of Shanxi Province and Inner Mongolia was little different. The content of volatile oil of cumin in Minqin was higher than that in other producing areas, and the content of volatile oil in Jinta of Gansu Province was the lowest.

  Design and Experiments of Nondestructive Moisture Content Testing System Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy GUO Xindong, SUN Yu, ZHANG Yongmei 2023, 39 (19):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0171 Abstract + ( 92 )   HTML ( 0 )   PDF ( 1559KB )   ( 25 ) The moisture content of corn leaves is an important physiological index in the process of crop growth. Near-infrared moisture meter can effectively detect the moisture content of corn leaves. Since the traditional near- infrared moisture meter has the disadvantages of high power consumption and high cost, we design a portable near-infrared crop leaf moisture nondestructive testing system based on STM32 by using a LED light source with 1450 nm. First, we designed the testing system consisting of light source circuit, signal processing circuit, STM32 minimum system, power circuit, etc. Then the calibration of the system was performed, which included collecting the reflected light and water content of the leaves, establishing linear fitting model of leaf water content and light segment. Finally, the portable moisture detector was tested to measure and display the leaf moisture content in real time. The results shows that the correlation coefficient of leaf moisture content and light absorption of the portable moisture detector is 0.8019 with RMSEC of 0.51, and the maximum measurement error of the test set is 1.80%, and the average measurement error is 0.964%, which meet the need of agricultural industry. This system has the advantages of fast detection speed, small size and low cost, which provides theoretical reference and technical support for the study of near infrared spectrum detection instruments.

  Application Status and Development Trend of Multi-source Remote Sensing Data in Forest Resource Monitoring ZHANG Juan, LIAO Juyang, LIU Yan, WANG Ling, LI Qiaoyun, WU Linshi, HUANG Yaqi 2023, 39 (19):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0503 Abstract + ( 91 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 38 ) In this paper, the application status and development trend of multi-source remote sensing in forest resource monitoring are described. Compared with traditional forest resource monitoring, which involves a large amount of manpower to carry out field investigation, satellite remote sensing and UAV remote sensing have obvious advantages in forest resource monitoring. In the forest resource monitoring research based on multi-source remote sensing data, this paper focuses on the comparison of the application of five kinds of multi-source remote sensing on forest resource monitoring, including: forest disease and insect monitoring, stand height measurement, forest canopy structure measurement, tree species composition and forest classification, and forest biomass measurement. Resource satellite, microwave remote sensing, imaging spectroscopy and new technologies and methods of forest resource monitoring in three-dimensional remote sensing, such as deep learning intelligent classification and multi-source remote sensing fusion technology, will become new means for multi-source remote sensing forest resource monitoring in the future. The application of differential GPS, three-dimensional remote sensing and hyperspectral images combined with mathematical computer technology can improve the accuracy of different levels of forest resource estimation. The automation and informatization of UAV remote sensing will be the development trend of UAV remote sensing application in forest resource monitoring. In addition, the long endurance capability and multiple types of sensors will further improve the accurate monitoring of forest resources by UAV remote sensing.