Current issue

• 2023 Vol.39 No.21 Published:25 July 2023

  Direct Seeding Rice Cultivation in Chongqing: Study on Suitable Sowing Period FANG Likui, YI Jing, KANG Shanjie, ZENG Zhuohua 2023, 39 (21):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0417 Abstract + ( 163 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1077KB )   ( 224 ) To study the influence of sowing date and variety on the yield of direct seeding rice and provide a basis for the selection of the sowing period and varieties, eight hybrid rice varieties mainly promoted in the production were used as test materials, three sowing dates were set up in the three ecological areas of Chongqing, and the yield, effective ear and solid grain characteristics of each type of rice varieties were studied. Yield and its components were compared to analyze the relationship between the yield and sowing dates. The results showed that there were significant differences in the average yield during different sowing periods and varieties (P<0.05). The rice yield of No.2 (8931.96 kg/hm2) sowing date in Xiushan was significantly higher than No. 3 sowing date (7801.83 kg/hm2). The yield of No.2 sowing date (9490.06 kg/hm2) in Wanzhou was significantly higher than that in No.1 (9113.79 kg/hm2) and No.3 (8783.78 kg/hm2). The yield of two-line hybrid rice was significantly higher than that of three-line hybrid rice, mainly because of higher number of effective panicles. In Wanzhou and Xiushan experimental sites, the differences of yield among varieties were significant. Production performance of ‘C liangyou huazhan' was outstanding. On average, the sowing date in the west of Chongqing should be in early April, the northeast of Chongqing should be in the middle of April, and the southeast of Chongqing should be in late April, which is conducive to stable yield.

  Genetic Background of National Certified Wheat Variety ‘Shannong116'and Stability Analysis of High Yield and Quality WANG Yanxun, TIAN Jichun, YANG Ming, PENG Li 2023, 39 (21):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0665 Abstract + ( 2499 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 194 ) In order to widely promote the newly approved wheat variety ‘Shannong 116' with high yield and strong gluten into production as soon as possible, we conducted an in-depth analysis from the genetic background of its hybrid parents, the performance of high and stable yield in regional trials, and the performance of strong gluten stability in many years of quality test results. The results showed that the yield of ‘Shannong 116' increased significantly compared with the control, the national test increased by 4.0% compared with ‘Zhoumai 18', and the Shandong test increased by 3.8% compared with ‘Jinan 17'. In the national wheat quality evaluation for four consecutive years from 2018 to 2021, the quality test indicators of ‘Shannong 116' all met the GB/T17892 standard for strong or medium gluten wheat. The plant height of ‘Shannong 116' is 76.9 cm, with compact plant type, neat ear layer and good ripening. It combines the excellent characteristics of the female parent of strong strength, disease resistance, early maturity and the male parent of high yield, water saving and lodging resistance. It is suitable for large-scale planting and market order acquisition and utilization in the Huang-huai wheat region.

  Effects on Photosynthetic Capacity, Yield, and Quality of Sorghum: Planting Density, Micro-fertilizer and Compound Fertilizer QU Yang, MA Wen, WANG Kezhen, GAO Xiaoli, FENG Baili 2023, 39 (21):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0523 Abstract + ( 143 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1224KB )   ( 67 ) To provide a theoretical practice for high-yield cultivation of sorghum in the western region of Guanzhong, the brewed sorghum variety ‘Hongyingzi' was used as the experimental material, and the effects of plant density, Mn-fertilizer, compound-fertilizer, and Zn-fertilizer in the field on the leaf photosynthetic capacity, seed quality, yield, and yield component were studied. The optimum compound mode of yield was to plant at a density of level 3, with Mn-fertilizer, compound-fertilizer, and Zn-fertilizer level of 2, respectively. The optimum compound mode for the comprehensive score of photosynthetic capacity was that planting density and Zn-fertilizer were level 1, and Mn-fertilizer, compound-fertilizer were level 2. The compound modes of different factors had a certain effect on crude protein, starch, crude fat and tannin, and there were differences in the different compound modes for obtaining different quality indicators. The compound mode with planting density of 16.5×104 plants/hm2, Mn-fertilizer of 7.5 kg/hm2, compound-fertilizer of 750 kg/hm2, and Zn-fertilizer of 7.5 kg/hm2 could obtain high yield and suitable quality in the western region of Guanzhong.

  Different Potato Varieties: Stability Analysis of Yield and Nutritional Quality MAO Xianghong, BAI Xiaodong, QI Haiying, FAN Xiangbin, DU Peibing, ZHU Zhihui 2023, 39 (21):  19-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0534 Abstract + ( 141 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1238KB )   ( 40 ) To select the excellent potato varieties suitable for planting in the northern Shanxi Province, we collect fourteen domestic potato varieties for the comparative experiment lasting three years in the northern Shanxi province. We analyze the growth period, plant character, commodity of tuber and yield, and evaluate nutrient quality by using membership function method. It is shown that ‘Zhongshu No. 19' and ‘Jizhangshu No. 12' plants have the advantage of strong growth, high yield, high commercial potato rate, good stability, which are suitable for varieties of fresh food. The starch content of ‘Tongshu No. 23', ‘Tongshu No. 20'and ‘Zhongshu No. 19' plants is above 18%. These three plants have high average subordinate function value for nutritional quality, making them suitable for starch processing. Our results provide a reference for the selection of potato variety in northern Shanxi, and also pave the way for the utilization of potato germplasm resources and breeding work.

  Effects of Different Irrigation Methods on the Quality of Tobacco-Leaves——An Empirical Analysis Based on Tobacco Survey in Panzhihua City LI Wenting, YU Zihao, FAN Dan, PAN Xingbing 2023, 39 (21):  26-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0678 Abstract + ( 135 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1226KB )   ( 35 ) This paper aims to explore the effects of drip irrigation, flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigation on the quality of tobacco leaves, so as to improve tillage technologies for hilly dryland crops. Based on the data of the 2020 Panzhihua field survey and the cost-benefit data of Panzhihua Tobacco Company, this paper used multiple linear regression to study whether irrigation methods have significant different influence on tobacco leaf quality. The study found that drip irrigation could improve flue-cured tobacco quality. By using drip irrigation facilities, the average proportion of upper-class tobacco leaves increased by 7.3% per rural household, and the average income of tobacco planting increased by 14.8%. In addition, there was an inverse relationship between tobacco planting years and tobacco quality. The expansion of tobacco planting scale would increase the proportion of upper-class tobacco leaves per rural household. In tobacco planting, increasing investment and subsidies to agricultural irrigation facilities and enhancing the facilities' utilization can not only improve the quality of tobacco production but also increase farmers' income.

  Effects of Boron Application on Flue-cured Tobacco Yield and Quality of Karst Tobacco-growing Soil in Wenshan LI Pengfei, ZHANG Xiaowei, YU Xiaofen, XU Tianyang, QIU Xueli, YIN Honghui, ZOU Bingli, YANG Shuming 2023, 39 (21):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0692 Abstract + ( 185 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1232KB )   ( 116 ) According to severe boron-deficiency characteristics of tobacco-growing soil in karst Wenshan, we proposed a resolution of boron application to improve yield and quality of tobacco. A field experiment was conducted with flue-cured tobacco variety ‘Yunyan 100' as material, and borax was the source of boron fertilizer. The effects of basal application and foliar spraying borax fertilizer on soil, vegetative growth, photosynthetic characteristics, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, basal application or spraying of boron fertilizer had no significant effect on soil pH, organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and water-soluble chlorine contents, but could significantly increase soil available boron content. Moreover, it could promote the vegetative growth, superior proportion, yield and output value of tobacco, among which the output value in T5, T6 and T8 treatments increased by 24.57%, 21.59% and 28.15% compared with T1(CK), respectively. Similarly, compared with CK treatment, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of tobacco leaves were significantly increased by 10.22%-90.11%, 18.17%-90.91% and 6.56%-51.97%, respectively, particularly in T5, T6 and T8 treatments. Meanwhile, the transpiration rates (Tr) of T2, T3, T5, T6 and T8 were significantly reduced by 2.78%-26.85%. Compared with CK, boron application treatments significantly improved the content of total sugar, reducing sugar, total nitrogen, nicotine, potassium oxide, water-soluble chlorine, calcium, magnesium and boron, and T5, T6 and T8 tobacco leaves had the best chemical composition coordination. On the boron-deficient tobacco-growing soil in the karst area of Wenshan, the integration of basal application and spraying borax fertilizer could significantly increase the content of available boron in soil and tobacco leaf, and effectively promote growth, photosynthetic rate, yield, economic benefits, and coordination of chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco. In summary, it was best to apply 15-22.5 kg/hm2 of basal borax application combined with spraying borax at 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% at resettling stage, vigorous growing stage, maturing stage, respectively.

  Psidium guajava L.: Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on ISSR Markers and Construction of Fingerprints SHAO Xuehua, LAI Duo, XIAO Weiqiang, LIU Chuanhe, HE Han, KUANG Shizi 2023, 39 (21):  39-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0420 Abstract + ( 120 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 2149KB )   ( 118 ) In order to study the genetic diversity of 59 guava germplasm resources and to map the fingerprint, DNA fingerprinting of guava was studied by ISSR technique and UPGMA cluster analysis. The 10 ISSR core primers obtained by screening were used to amplify 59 guavas samples, and a total of 126 bands were obtained, including 113 polymorphic bands, with a polymorphism rate of 89.68%. According to UPGMA clustering analysis, the genetic similarity coefficient of 59 guava germplasm resource samples ranged from 0.50 to 0.96, and the average genetic similarity coefficient was 0.73. According to the genetic distance, the 59 germplasm resources could be divided into four groups, group 1 contained 34 germplasm resources, group 2 contained 6 germplasm resources, group 3 contained 18 germplasm resources, and the sample number C26 'strawberry' guava was the fourth group alone. The DNA fingerprints of 59 guava germplasm resources were successfully constructed, which could be used for the classification and identification of guava germplasm resources.

  Research Trend and Vein of Forest Soil Microorganisms:Visual Analysis Based on Citespace ZHANG Jianlang, LUO Lianhe, MAO Jianhui, HUO Chunyu, WANG Zhengmu, CHEN Zujing 2023, 39 (21):  48-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0684 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1505KB )   ( 77 ) To understand the development history, current situation and research frontier of forest soil microorganisms, this paper used Citespace to analyze the development, research hotspots and related contents of forest soil microorganisms from 1990 to 2022 based on WOS core database. The results showed that forest microbial research had been led by the United States since 1990, and had been gradually overtaken by China since 2018. The Chinese Academy of Sciences, as the institution with the largest number of papers published in the world, had been cited with a frequency of 22.45. Keyword analysis found that the research of forest soil microorganisms was related to nitrogen, and the heat kept from 1990 to 2007. At the same time, the research on coniferous forests broke out after 1992, and with the passage of time and the progress of molecular biology and genetics, after 2013, the research gradually began to be linked to software analysis and computer prediction, and the morphological characteristics, diversity and function of microbial communities were deeply dissected and made results more accurate and convincing. The top five in the co-citation analysis were ectomycorrhizal fungi, soil respiration, bacterial community, increased carbon dioxide concentration and the Loess Plateau of China, which indicated that these directions were particularly important for the study of forest soil microorganisms. The Loess Plateau was a typical area of China, and its related research might be the focus of attention in China in the future. This article only made a rough summary and analysis of the direction of forest soil microorganisms.

  Application of Trichoderma harzianum in Plant: Research Progress LI Ting, WANG Hongxu, CUI Guanglu, SHI Yantong, NIE Qing, WANG Zhiping, QU Mingshan 2023, 39 (21):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0652 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 144 ) Trichoderma harzianum belongs to Trichoderma, it is a widely used biological agent and a fungus with various values. With the extensive application of Trichoderma harzianum in agricultural production, different functions of Trichoderma harzianum in plants have been widely concerned. This paper summarized the biological control mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum, including antibacterial effect, induced resistance and competition. It also reviewed the application of Trichoderma harzianum in biological control, plant growth promotion, quality improvement and salt tolerance. The paper further elaborated that there are still problems and deficiencies in the application of Trichoderma harzianum in plants, which need to be solved urgently. Finally, this paper discussed the application prospect of Trichoderma harzianum in plants under the background of green agriculture and pointed out the future research direction, aiming to achieve a more rational and safe use of Trichoderma harzianum in plants in agricultural production.

  Isolation of Low Temperature Straw Degraded Composite Strains and Strains Identification WU Qingyun, SA Rula, YANG Hengshan, YANG Taoyang, WANG Tao, LEI Zili 2023, 39 (21):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0568 Abstract + ( 137 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1516KB )   ( 601 ) To provide excellent microbial agents for straw ripening and returning to the field in the cold and cool areas of Inner Mongolia, it is necessary to clarify the composition of low-temperature straw degradation complex strains. The compound strain-8, which can degrade corn straw under the laboratory condition of 15℃, was used as the material. A single strain was isolated from the selective medium-sodium carboxymethylcellulose solid medium, and identified by morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, 16S rRNA of bacteria, ITS rDNA of fungi and ß- ubulin gene sequence analysis. The results showed that fungus 8-F and bacterium 8-B were isolated from No. 8 strain with sodium carboxymethylcellulose solid medium. The morphological characteristics of 8-F colony were powdery white, felt-like and gram-negative. The hyphae were often twined into ropes. The conidial peduncle was tree-like or grape-spike branched, with a diameter of 1.5-2.0 μm. The conidia were terminal or intermediate, inverted pear-shaped, and (2.5-4.5)×(2.0-3.0) μm in size. The comparison of ITS rDNA sequence with the data system in GenBank database showed that it had 99% homology with Geomyces sp.. According to the above characteristics, it was identified as Geomyces pannorum. The cell of 8-B strain was rod-shaped, gram-negative, non-sporogenic, and its colony was light yellow and irregular in shape. It could produce 10 enzymes and use 37 carbon sources. Its 16S rDNA sequence had 99.71% homology with Stenotrophomonas humi, and was identified as Stenotrophomonas sp. according to the above characteristics. The dominant strains of the composite strains that could degrade corn straw under low temperature (15℃) laboratory conditions were Geomycos pannorum and Stenotrophomonas maltohilia.

  Effects of Compound Passivation Materials on Cadmium and Lead Compound Polluted Soil around Smelters in Central and Southern Regions DENG Lin, DAI Qingyun, HE Junqiang, GUI Juan, ZHOU Jinquan, FU Yuncong, LIU Daihuan, LI Hongliang 2023, 39 (21):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0695 Abstract + ( 122 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 63 ) This study aims to discuss the combined pollution of cadmium and lead in soils around smelters in central and southern China, and reduce the risk of soil pollution around the smelter. Three compound passivation materials were selected and soil culture experiments were conducted to investigate the passivation effect of compound materials on heavy metal contaminated soil around Zhuzhou Smelter. The results showed that under the same experimental conditions, the concentrations of cadmium and lead in the soil leaching solution treated with three passivation materials (C1, C2 and C3) did not exceed the Class IV standard in the Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (GB 3838—2002), the content of heavy metals in soluble soil conformed to the environmental quality standards. According to the passivation effects of the three materials on Cd and Pb in the soil around Zhuzhou smelter in Hunan Province on the 7th, 15th and 30th days, the addition of 1.0% C1 (clay mineral + TMT) material had the best passivation effect on cadmium and lead. The highest reduction rate of cadmium acid leaching state content reached 97.02%, and the highest reduction rate of lead acid leaching state content reached 99.37%. The effect of C1 passivation materials on cadmium and lead in soil gradually shifted from the exchangeable state and the bound state of iron and manganese oxides to the residual state with the passage of time, which reduced the migration ability of cadmium and lead heavy metals, reduced the cadmium and lead risk around the smelter to the environment. This experiment screened out the conditioning passivation materials for the combined pollution of cadmium and lead in soils, which provided a reference for solving the pollution control around smelters in central and southern China.

  Evaluation on Cultivated Land Soil Quality in Western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau XU Tao, SHI Weigang, LIU Kuolong, XU Xiaofei, FAN Jiaxue 2023, 39 (21):  75-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0729 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1615KB )   ( 591 ) To scientifically evaluate the soil environment of cultivated land in western Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and improve the quality of cultivated land according to local conditions, the soil fertility (organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, slow-release potassium etc.) and heavy metal pollution (As, Hg, Cr, Pb, Cd) of cultivated land were analyzed in four counties of western Ngari (Burang, Zanda, Gar, Rutog). Standard comparison method, single factor index method and Nemerow comprehensive index method were used to evaluate the soil environmental quality of the cultivated land. The results showed that the Nemero comprehensive fertility index of the cultivated land in the study area was 1.74, which belonged to grade 3, and soil fertility was average. The soil was deficient in organic matter and total nitrogen, rich in phosphorus and potassium, relatively rich in medium and trace elements except available zinc and available molybdenum. And the Nemero comprehensive pollution index was 0.71, which reached the warning line. The pollution was mainly concentrated in Burang and Gar. As and Cr exceed the heavy metal risk control value by 27.5% and 2.5%, respectively. In addition, Cd was 95% higher than the background value of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In conclusion, the cultivated land of Rutog is fertile and pollution-free, which can be developed as the key cultivated land planting area. But organic matter and nitrogen should be properly supplemented during cultivation to ensure crop growth. Furthermore, it is necessary to pay attention to As pollution in Burang to ensure food safety.

  Effects of Soil Disinfection on Greenhouse Soil-borne Diseases and Growth of Tea Chrysanthemum Under Continuous Cropping Cultivation System WANG Yanping, LI Ping, WANG Weirui, GAO Fei, WANG Rui, FAN Shanshan, SHI Xiangyun, WU Wenqiang 2023, 39 (21):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2023-0225 Abstract + ( 132 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 85 ) We conducted a field experiment to evaluate the effects of soil disinfection on greenhouse soil-borne diseases and the growth of tea chrysanthemum under continuous cropping cultivation system. Taking Beijing tea chrysanthemum as experimental plant, treatments under conventional control (CK) and chlorinated bitter fumigation (Pic) were designed before mother plant cultivation. The results showed that compared with CK, the inhibition rates of Phytophthora spp. and nematodes were more than 85%, the cutting harvest was significantly increased by 31.47%, and the yield, total flavonoid and chlorogenic acid content of tea chrysanthemum were significantly increased by 20.43%, 10.14% and 18.02%, respectively. We concluded that soil disinfection could significantly reduce the occurrence of greenhouse soil-borne diseases, improve the harvest amount of cuttings, promote the growth, increase the yield, and improve the quality of tea chrysanthemum under the experimental conditions. Our results can provide reference for the development of tea chrysanthemum industry in the mountainous area of Beijing.

  The Application of Soil Conditioner (CMC) in Soil Improvement of New Cultivating Farmland LI Ting, ZHU Li'an, LIN Zi, SHAO Shegang, NI Dong, LIN Lanwen 2023, 39 (21):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0601 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 1050 ) Exploring the effects of different application rates of polymer materials on soil fertility in new cultivating farmland is helpful to provide a scientific basis for rapid maturation of new farmland. Bermudagrass was used as the research material and a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (0.04%, 0.08%, 0.12%, 0.16% and 0.20%) mixed with vermicompost and compound biological inoculants on plant growth and soil nutrients in new cultivating farmland. The results showed that the overground part and root biomass of bermudagrass were significantly increased under different CMC treatments, which were 33.8-37.5 and 5.0-5.9 times than those of CK, respectively, and the root-shoot ratio was decreased by 84.1%-86.3%. The biomass of bermudagrass showed the highest value in 0.16% CMC treatment. The CMC treatments had significant effect on soil nutrient content, the content of soil organic matter and total phosphorus showed the maximum value in 0.16% CMC treatment, which were 187.9% and 19.2% higher than those of CK, respectively. The >0.25 mm water-stable aggregate content was significantly increased by 24.2%-138.9% in CMC treatment, and the highest value was found in 0.20% CMC treatment. In conclusion, the 0.16% CMC treatment had the best effect on the growth promotion of bermudagrass and the increase of soil organic matter and total phosphorus contents, while the best effect on the improvement of soil water-stable aggregate was achieved in 0.20% CMC treatment.

  Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Soil Nutrients of Cropland at Land Parcel Scale in Dulan County of Qinghai Province DU Jian, PAN Xue, WU Jun, CAI Liqun 2023, 39 (21):  94-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0637 Abstract + ( 147 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1785KB )   ( 442 ) The spatial autocorrelation analysis of soil pH and six nutrient indexes (organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium) in Dulan County of Qinghai Province was conducted, and their spatial aggregation and isolation were further analyzed. Based on the results of this study, we hope to improve the utilization rate of farmland soil and fertilizer in Dulan County and lay a foundation for precision agriculture. After field sampling, soil samples were tested according to existing effective standards such as NY/T 1121. The spatial distribution pattern and spatial aggregation of cropland soil indexes in the study area were analyzed by combining global spatial autocorrelation and local spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the average values of soil pH, organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were 8.12, 17.90 g/kg, 19.00 mg/kg, 123.00 mg/kg, 0.80 g/kg, 0.80 g/kg and 17.85 g/kg, respectively. Global spatial autocorrelation under the Inverse_Distance weight, pH, organic matter, total phosphorus and total potassium showed positive spatial autocorrelation. Available phosphorus, available potassium and total nitrogen showed negative spatial autocorrelation. The results were the same in Contiguity_Edges_Only and Contiguity_Edges_Coeners weights. There were positive spatial autocorrelation between pH, organic matter, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. The available phosphorus showed negative spatial autocorrelation. Local spatial autocorrelation could intuitively obtain the specific locations of aggregation areas and isolated areas of soil content distribution of different indicators of cropland in the study area through LISA aggregation map. Altitude was negatively correlated with available phosphorus, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium. Slope was negatively correlated with available phosphorus, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The effect of slope aspect on the spatial pattern of soil nutrients was relatively small in the study area. In global spatial autocorrelation analysis, different spatial weights had great influence on the analysis results. According to the local spatial autocorrelation analysis, the low-content areas of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium were distributed in Chawusu Town and Xiariha Town in the eastern part of Dulan County, namely, “low-low” aggregation areas, and “high-high” aggregation areas were found in Balong Township and Xiangride Town in the central part of Dulan County. In the eastern part of Dulan County, the content of organic matter was relatively high in the towns of Chawusu and Xiariha, showing the “high-high” aggregation areas, and the “low-low” aggregation area appeared in the town of Zongjia. There were significant differences in the correlation between different topographic factors and soil nutrients.

  Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Soil pH in Typical Counties of Yantai City and Influencing Factors LI Yujing, XIA Ziyi, SHEN Tong, WANG Fei, ZHENG Lei, ZHOU Jianli, ZHANG Qiang, SUN Nan, XU Minggang 2023, 39 (21):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0672 Abstract + ( 152 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 34 ) This paper explored the characteristics of soil pH change and its influencing factors in arable land of typical counties in Yantai City and provided a scientific basis for arable land quality improvement. The soil samples of cultivated layer were collected in 2010 by grid sampling method from Qixia City and Penglai District as the research objects. Soil properties, including soil pH, exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium were analyzed and compared with data of the second land survey in 1984. The pH spatiotemporal characteristics of different soil types were analyzed by geostatistics, changes in pH at different soil levels were compared. The results indicated that the soil pH in Yantai City showed a downward trend during 25 years (1984 to 2010). The declining degrees of pH were about 10% for cinnamon and fluvo-aquic soils and 6% for brown soil, respectively. The nugget effect of soil pH increased over time and the spatial autocorrelation of soil pH gradually decreased, and soil pH was greatly affected by random factors. Soil pH values in the northern and eastern edge of Yantai were high, and the acidification was not obvious. In contrast, soil pH values were low in southwest of Yantai where had severe acidification. The proportion of arable land with pH≤6.00 increased significantly from 5.8% in 1984 to 48.8% in 2010, while the proportion of arable land with pH>6.00 decreased significantly from 94.2% in 1984 to 51.2% in 2010. Both exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in Qixia City increased first and then decreased with the increase of pH, while both exchangeable calcium and exchangeable magnesium in Penglai City were positively correlated with pH. The cultivated land soil presented acidizing trend in Yantai. Climate and fertilization are the main factors affecting arable soil acidification in this region.

  Indigofera bungeana walp.: Callus Induction and Adventitious Bud Differentiation Culture JIA Wei, YONG Jiayi, LI Aotian, LI Cheng, MA Conghui, HU Haiying 2023, 39 (21):  109-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0674 Abstract + ( 127 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1826KB )   ( 260 ) The system of in vitro regeneration of Indigofera bungeana walp. was established in order to provide a preliminary experimental basis for genetic-engineering breeding of Indigofera bungeana walp.. Aseptic seedlings of Indigofera bungeana walp. were obtained through aseptic seeding. Using plumular axis, stem segments and leaves as explants, the optimum medium formula was selected for callus induction, adventitious bud differentiation, propagation and elongation. The results showed that the germination rate of the Indigofera bungeana walp. seeds reached 98% on the 1/2MS medium. The three explants could be induced callus in different media, and the suitable medium was selected according to the growth, texture and color of callus. For the leaves, the optimum medium was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA, for the stem segment, the optimum medium was MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1mg/L NAA, for the plumular axis, the optimum medium was MS+0.1 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L NAA. Compare with stem segments and leaves, the callus from plumular axis were suitable for adventitious bud differentiation, and the optimum medium were MS+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L 2,4-D+0.1 mg/L NAA and MS+2.0 mg/L 6-BA. The adventitious bud propagation medium was MS+1.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L NAA, and the optimum medium for elongation and rooting was 1/2MS.

  The Occurrence, Evolution and Control of Wheat Diseases and Insect Pests in Southwest Shandong from 2010 to 2020 GUO Li, ZHAO Yanli, WANG Xianghui, HUI Xianghai, XU Ling, LI Jianda 2023, 39 (21):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0707 Abstract + ( 153 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 137 ) By analyzing the occurrence and evolution of major diseases and insect pests of wheat systematically in Zoucheng City from 2010 to 2020, the study aims to provide a scientific basis for the accurate monitoring and integrated control of wheat disease and insect pests in southwest of Shandong Province. The study analyzed the occurrence and evolution, occurrence area, actual loss, retrieved loss and control of wheat diseases and insect pests based on The Plant Protection Professional Statistical Reports of Zoucheng City from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of wheat stripe rust increased and the epidemic risk was enlarged, and the wheat crown rot increased to a main disease; aphids were the main local pests and maintained a high occurrence state; the occurrence of common wheat diseases and insect pests such as sharp eyespot, powdery mildew, root rot, mites and underground pests showed certain fluctuations and were relatively stable; and the occurrence of take-all diseases and wheat sawfly tended to decline. The occurrence area of wheat diseases and insect pests in Zoucheng City ranged from 55510 hm2 to 129200 hm2 during 2010-2020 and showed an upward trend after 2018. The actual yield loss caused by wheat diseases and insect pests generally had a downward trend and the average annual loss of wheat yield was 4098.61 t. The actual annual yield loss caused by insect pests and diseases accounted for 62.94% and 37.06% of the total loss respectively. Through effective prevention and control, the reduction rates of yield loss caused by wheat diseases and insect pests of different years were at a high level and relatively stable. The specialized and systematic prevention and control can play an important role in the control of wheat diseases and insect pests, and should be promoted vigorously.

  Simultaneous Determination of 18 Elements in Caoxian Asparagus by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry WANG Xiao, LI Xiaoming, SHAO Li, CHANG Chenyang 2023, 39 (21):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0666 Abstract + ( 120 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 27 ) Asparagus is rich in nutrients, and Caoxian asparagus is popular because of its long history of planting and good quality. By establishing a method for determining the contents of 18 nutrient elements in asparagus by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), the background value of nutrient elements in Caoxian asparagus was comprehensively analyzed. After the samples were microwave-digested by HNO3-H2O2 peroxide, appropriate internal standard isotope elements were selected to improve the matrix effect and interference, and the 18 elements in Caoxian asparagus were determined by ICP-MS. The results showed that the linear range of Na, Mg and K in the mass concentration range of 0-20000 μg/L and Al, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba and Pb in the mass concentration range of 0-500 μg/L were good (r>0.9996), the precision of the instrument was concentrated in 0.34%-3.41%, and the recovery rate of standard addition was 88.35%-105.36%. The contents of Na, Mg, K and Ca in asparagus were at a relatively high level, and the content of Se was more abundant. This method is suitable for quick, sensitive and accurate determination of 18 elements in asparagus, and can provide data support for monitoring the background content of nutrient elements in Caoxian asparagus.

  Endophytic Fungus HHQ14 from Astragalus membranaceus: Preliminary Identification and Volatile Components Analysis ZHANG He, YOU Mengyao, GUAN Xin, QI Kexiang, LI Wanru, YAN Jiajia, ZHENG Chunying 2023, 39 (21):  133-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0847 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1639KB )   ( 635 ) In order to take advantage of utilizing the endophytic fungus HHQ14 which was isolated from Astragalus membranaceus, and to rich the resources of its secondary metabolites, the endophytic fungus HHQ14 was chosen as the research object, and was identified by morphological observation and ITS sequence analysis. Meanwhile, the volatile components were analyzed by GC-MS. The endophytic fungi HHQ14 were identified as Coniochaeta ligniaria and there were 6 volatile components in the fermentation broth of endophytic fungus HHQ14, 13 volatile components were identified in the mycelium, 11 volatile components were identified in the stem of Astragalus membranaceus and 12 volatile components were identified in the root of Astragalus membranaceus. Among them, the fermentation broth and mycelium of HHQ14 endophytic fungus contained the same volatile component 2-((1R,6R) -3-methyl-6 -(propyl-1-alken-2-yl) cyclohexe-2-alkenyl) -5-amylbenzo-1, 3-diphenol as the root and stem of Astragalus membranaceus. Besides, the mycelium also contained the same volatile component erucamide as the root and stem of Astragalus membranaceus. The endophytic fungus HHQ14 was a secondary metabolite producing bacterium of host plant Astragalus membranaceus, and contained a variety of volatile components with wide application and medical value. The above results lay a foundation for the comprehensive development and application of secondary metabolites.

  CBD and CBDA Contents in Fermented Cannabis sativa L.: Study of Dynamic Changes GUAN Xin, QI Kexiang, LI Wanru, ZHANG He, JIANG Shuo, WU Tong, ZHENG Chunying 2023, 39 (21):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0993 Abstract + ( 123 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1381KB )   ( 23 ) The aim is to study the dynamic changes of CBD and CBDA contents of Cannabis sativa L. after fermentation, clarify the correlation between CBD and CBDA, and provide reference for efficient production of CBD raw materials. With CBD and CBDA as indexes, Cannabis sativa L. were fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lactobacillus plantarum, Escherichia coli and endophytic bacterium WF17, respectively. The dynamic changes of CBD and CBDA contents of Cannabis sativa L. before and after fermentation were analyzed by HPLC method. The CBD content reached the maximum value (3.1161 mg/g) on the first day after the fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The CBD content reached the maximum value (3.7786 mg/g) on the 9th day after Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation of Cannabis sativa L.. The content of CBD reached the maximum value (3.5502 mg/g) at 3 d after fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. by Escherichia coli. After the fermentation of Cannabis sativa L. by endophytic bacteria WF17, the CBD content reached the maximum value (3.9182 mg/g) at the fermentation time of 7 days. The content of CBDA decreased the most in the first day of fermentation. All the four fermentation strains could significantly increase the CBD content and decrease the CBDA content in the fermented Cannabis sativa L. to a certain extent, and there might be a process of CBDA to CBD in the fermentation process of Cannabis sativa L.. Therefore, fermentation technology can be used for efficient production of CBD in Cannabis sativa L..

  Study on Flavor Characteristics of Hehong Tea in Different Grades LI Chen, JIANG Xinfeng, CAO Huihua, ZHANG Jiangen, YU Zhi, NI Dejiang, DONG Chunwang, JIANG Heyuan 2023, 39 (21):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0708 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 190 ) The study aims to clarify the flavor chemistry characteristics of Hehong tea and the quality differences of different grades. Different grades of Hehong tea were selected as the materials in this study; the sensory evaluation of tea samples was carried out by using the national standard method. The contents of water extract, tea polyphenols, free amino acids, caffeine, catechin, tea pigments (theaflavins, thearubigins and theabrownins) and other quality components were determined. The aroma components in Hehong tea were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that Hehong tea had lasting fresh aroma, mellow taste, bright orange soup color, red and bright leaf bottom. The comprehensive evaluation of sensory quality of different grades of Hehong tea showed that Hehong gongya(T1, T2)>Hehong xiaozhong(T3, T4)>Hehong laocong(T5). There were significant differences in the components of different grades of Hehong tea, the contents of tea polyphenols, free amino acids and catechin components were higher, and the content of water extract was lower in higher grades Hehong tea. The contents of theaflavin and thearubigins were significantly higher in the first grade of Hehong xiaozhong(T3) than that of other groups. The main volatile components of different grades of Hehong tea were geraniol, β-Linalool, Ocimene, 2-Pentylfuran, β-Ionone and so on; some of them increased relatively with the decrease of grade, and were critical for Hehong tea to present the second type of black tea aroma. This study preliminarily proved the differences in flavor characteristics of different grades of Hehong tea, and provided a theoretical basis for the regulation of flavor quality.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Suitability of Agricultural Land in Zhuji, Zhejiang Based on GIS CHEN Lulu, DU Yong, XIE Hongtao 2023, 39 (21):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0629 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1630KB )   ( 28 ) In order to improve the utilization efficiency of agricultural land in Zhuji City, this study analyzed and evaluated the suitability of agricultural land in Zhuji City. Five indicators including elevation, slope, soil texture, organic matter content and water resources availability were selected to represent the suitability of agricultural land in Zhuji City, and corresponding evaluation models were established afterwards. In the single factor evaluation, the highly suitable areas for elevation, slope and water resource availability accounted for more than 30% of the total area, while the highly suitable areas for soil texture and organic matter content only accounted for less than 10%. While in the comprehensive evaluation of agricultural land, the proportion of highly suitable areas for cultivated land, garden land and forest land was about 40, and they were mainly distributed in the central area of Zhuji City, and the suitability of areas in the west, East and South Zhuji was lower. The above results can provide reference for the agricultural land planning of Zhuji City.