Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0595

Abstract

Abstract:

The study aims to investigate the impact of land cover measures on soil water and temperature, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth and yield in agricultural production, with the goal of providing scientific guidance for farmland surface management. Based on the study of different land cover managements and their effects, the study reviewed the effects of three typical land cover measures (straw mulching, plastic mulching and green manure) on soil water and heat, greenhouse gas emissions, and crop growth. The results showed that: (1) straw mulching and plastic mulching effectively regulated soil water and temperature. (2) Straw mulching increased greenhouse gas emissions due to its decay, while plastic mulching facilitated the formation of anaerobic environments, leading to an increase in CH₄emissions. (3) Both straw mulching and plastic mulching regulated soil water temperature to promote crop growth, primarily by increasing production. Additionally, straw mulching and green manure provided more nutrients for crop growth, improved soil fertility, and enhanced crop characteristics and quality. On the whole, the study concluded that reasonable land cover measures had positively affected soil fertility, crop yield and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. These measures helped to protect soil moisture content, improve soil quality, promote crop growth, and increase crop yield, which were crucial for achieving the goals of agricultural land cultivation, quality and efficiency improvement, and green development.

Key words: land cover measures, straw mulching, plastic mulching, green manure

CHEN Xinmin, XIAO Dengpan, LU Yang. Research Progress on Effects of Land Cover Measures on Soil Water & Temperature, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Crop Growth in China[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(12): 53-60.

Figures/Tables 8

References 61

[1]	邓远远, 朱俊峰. 保护性耕作技术采纳的增产与稳产效应[J]. 资源科学, 2023, 45(10):2050-2063. doi: 10.18402/resci.2023.10.10
[2]	GAN Y T, SIDDIQUE K, TURNER N, et al. Chapter seven - ridge-furrow mulching systems—an innovative technique for boosting crop productivity in semiarid rain-fed environments[J]. Advances in agronomy, 2013, 118:429-476.
[3]	CHEN B Q, LIU E K, TIAN Q Z, et al. Soil nitrogen dynamics and crop residues. a review[J]. Agronomy for sustainable development, 2014, 34(2):429-442.
[4]	朱子慧. 小麦秸秆覆盖对土壤改良、温室气体排放和蔬菜产量的效应[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2023.
[5]	QIN X L, HUANG T T, LU C, et al. Benefits and limitations of straw mulching and incorporation on maize yield, water use efficiency, and nitrogen use efficiency[J]. Agricultural water management, 2021, 256:107128.
[6]	TIWARI K, SING A, MAL P. Effect of drip irrigation on yield of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) under mulch and non-mulch conditions[J]. Agricultural water management, 2003, 58(1):19-28.
[7]	GAO H H, YAN C R, LIU Q, et al. Effects of plastic mulching and plastic residue on agricultural production: A meta-analysis[J]. Science of the total environment, 2019, 651:484-492.
[8]	杨兵丽, 李文平, 王建军, 等. 白膜和黑膜覆盖对黄绵土保水调温的效应[J]. 土壤与作物, 2021, 10(1):60-66.
[9]	隋鑫, 霍海南, 鲍雪莲, 等. 覆盖作物的种植现状及其对下茬作物生长和土壤环境影响的研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8):2666-2674. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.027
[10]	李子双, 廉晓娟, 王薇, 等. 我国绿肥的研究进展[J]. 草业科学, 2013, 30(7):1135-1140.
[11]	ADIL M, ZHANG C, YAO Z J, et al. Interactive effects of intercropping and mulching under conservation tillage as sustainable agriculture increased cotton productivity[J]. Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 2023, 10:1-7.
[12]	陈广周. 秸秆覆盖条件下施肥深度对旱作夏玉米农田资源利用及增产效应的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2022.
[13]	CAO J S, LIU C M, ZHANG W J, et al. Effect of integrating straw into agricultural soils on soil infiltration and evaporation[J]. Water science and technology, 2012, 65(12):2213-2218. doi: 10.2166/wst.2012.140 pmid: 22643418
[14]	胡亚瑾, 吴淑芳, 冯浩, 等. 覆盖方式对夏玉米土壤水分和产量的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2015, 36(6):699-708.
[15]	QIN W, HU C S, OENEMA O. Soil mulching significantly enhances yields and water and nitrogen use efficiencies of maize and wheat: a meta-analysis[J]. Scientific reports, 2015, 5(1):16210.
[16]	YANG Y M, LIU X J, LI W Q, et al. Effect of different mulch materials on winter wheat production in desalinized soil in heilonggang region of north China[J]. Journal of zhejiang university science b, 2006, 7(11):858-867.
[17]	AKHTAR K, WANG W Y, KHAN A, et al. Wheat straw mulching offset soil moisture deficient for improving physiological and growth performance of summer sown soybean[J]. Agricultural water management, 2019, 211:16-25.
[18]	王珍, 冯浩. 秸秆不同还田方式对土壤入渗特性及持水能力的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2010, 26(4):75-80.
[19]	张丽华, 徐晨, 闫伟平, 等. 半干旱区地表覆盖方式对土壤水温效应及玉米产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2023, 41(2):179-192.
[20]	路海东, 薛吉全, 郝引川, 等. 黑色地膜覆盖对旱地玉米土壤环境和植株生长的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2016, 36(7):1997-2004.
[21]	蒋傲男, 闫静琦, 陈宗政, 等. 不同覆膜方式对旱作区春玉米农田土壤水分及产量的影响[J]. 东北农业科学, 2022, 47(3):26-30,36.
[22]	李秀萍, 连海飞, 白春华, 等. 地膜覆盖对大兴安岭南麓丘陵旱作区土壤温度、水分与玉米产量的影响[J]. 北方农业学报, 2021, 49(2):63-70. doi: 10.12190/j.issn.2096-1197.2021.02.10
[23]	徐鹏飞, 杜雄, 孙小诺, 等. 不同覆盖方式对河北平原春玉米产量形成和水分利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(3):102-110. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190818
[24]	BAI J, LI Y, ZHANG J, et al. Straw returning and one-time application of a mixture of controlled release and solid granular urea to reduce carbon footprint of plastic film mulching spring maize[J]. Journal of cleaner production, 2021, 280:124478.
[25]	LI J H, LI H, ZHANG Q, et al. Effects of fertilization and straw return methods on the soil carbon pool and CO₂ emission in a reclaimed mine spoil in shanxi province, China[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2019, 195:104361.
[26]	CHEN J, ZHENG M J, PANG D W, et al. Straw return and appropriate tillage method improve grain yield and nitrogen efficiency of winter wheat[J]. Journal of integrative agriculture, 2017, 16(8):1708-1719.
[27]	CHEN H X, LIU J J, ZHANG A F, et al. Effects of straw and plastic film mulching on greenhouse gas emissions in loess plateau, China: A field study of 2 consecutive wheat-maize rotation cycles[J]. Science of the total environment, 2017, 579:814-824.
[28]	HUANG Y L, QIN R Z, WEI H H, et al. Plastic film mulching application improves potato yields, reduces ammonia emissions, but boosts the greenhouse gas emissions in China[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2024, 353:120241.
[29]	NISHIMURA S, KOMADA M, TAKEBE M, et al. Nitrous oxide evolved from soil covered with plastic mulch film in horticultural field[J]. Biology and fertility of soils, 2012, 48(7):787-795.
[30]	LAGOMARSINO A, AGNELLI A, LINQUIST B, et al. Alternate wetting and drying of rice reduced CH₄ emissions but triggered N₂O peaks in a clayey soil of central Italy[J]. Pedosphere, 2016, 26(4):533-548.
[31]	LIU D T, SONG C C, XIN Z H, et al. Agricultural management strategies for balancing yield increase, carbon sequestration, and emission reduction after straw return for three major grain crops in China: a meta-analysis[J]. Journal of environmental management, 2023, 340:117965.
[32]	WEI H H, ZHANG F, ZHANG K P, et al. Effects of soil mulching on staple crop yield and greenhouse gas emissions in China: a meta-analysis[J]. Field crops research, 2022, 284:108566.
[33]	HUANG T Yang H, HUANG C C, et al. Effect of fertilizer N rates and straw management on yield-scaled nitrous oxide emissions in a maize-wheat double cropping system[J]. Field crops research, 2017, 204:1-11.
[34]	CAI A D, LIANG G P, ZHANG X B, et al. Long-term straw decomposition in agro-ecosystems described by a unified three-exponentiation equation with thermal time[J]. Science of the total environment, 2018, 636:699-708.
[35]	CHEN S Y, ZHANG X Y, PEI D, et al. Effects of straw mulching on soil temperature, evaporation and yield of winter wheat: field experiments on the North China Plain[J]. Annals of applied biology, 2012, 58(4):161-166.
[36]	LU X J, LI Z T, SUN Z H, et al. Straw mulching reduces maize yield, water, and nitrogen use in northeastern China[J]. Agronomy journal, 2015, 107(1):406-414.
[37]	ZHANG X Q, QIAN Y L, CAO C F. Effects of straw mulching on maize photosynthetic characteristics and rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment[J]. Chilean journal of agricultural research, 2015, 75(4):481-487.
[38]	SHEN J Y, ZHAO D D, HAN H F, et al. Effects of straw mulching on water consumption characteristics and yield of different types of summer maize plants[J]. Plant, soil and environment, 2012, 58(4):161-166.
[39]	许冬, 万鹏, 褚世海, 等. 小麦秸秆高量覆盖对棉花生长发育及产量形成的影响[J]. 南方农业学报, 2021, 52(5):1191-1197.
[40]	DONG Q G, YANG Y C, YU K, et al. Effects of straw mulching and plastic film mulching on improving soil organic carbon and nitrogen fractions, crop yield and water use efficiency in the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Agricultural water management, 2018, 201:133-143.
[41]	WANG C Y, LIANG Y, LIU J Z, et al. The relationship of soil organic carbon and nutrient contents to maize yield as affected by maize straw return modes[J]. Applied sciences, 2023, 13(22):12448.
[42]	HUANG T T, YANG N, LU C, et al. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nutrients, and yield under different straw returning methods[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2021, 214:105171.
[43]	XU X, PANG D W, CHEN J, et al. Straw return accompany with low nitrogen moderately promoted deep root[J]. Field crops research, 2018, 221:71-80.
[44]	GAO H J, CHEN X W, LIANG A Z, et al. Combined effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer application on crop yield and nitrogen utilization in the chernozem of Northeast China[J]. Applied ecology and environmental research, 2022, 20(1):893-903.
[45]	WANG Y P, LI X G, ZHU J, et al. Multi-site assessment of the effects of plastic-film mulch on dryland maize productivity in semiarid areas in China[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2016, 220:160-169.
[46]	许显虹, 胥婷婷, 张洋, 等. 地膜覆盖对青海东部旱作农业区春油菜的增产效应[J]. 青海大学学报, 2021, 39(3):61-66,87.
[47]	LI Q, LI H B, ZHANG S Q. Yield and water use efficiency of dryland potato in response to plastic film mulching on the Loess Plateau[J]. Acta agriculturae scandinavica, section B-soil & plant science, 2018, 68(2):175-188.
[48]	CHEN N, LI X Y, SHI H B, et al. Assessment and modeling of maize evapotranspiration and yield with plastic and biodegradable film mulch[J]. Agricultural and forest meteorology, 2021, 307:108474.
[49]	王敏, 王海霞, 韩清芳, 等. 不同材料覆盖的土壤水温效应及对玉米生长的影响[J]. 作物学报, 2011, 37(7):1249-1258.
[50]	周明冬, 王祥金, 董合干, 等. 不同厚度地膜覆盖棉花的经济效益和残膜回收分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(10):121-125.
[51]	高宇, 王金莲, 赵沛义, 等. 地膜厚度对马铃薯生长及农田水热条件和残膜污染的影响[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2018, 35(5):439-446.
[52]	王青松, 冯浩, 董勤各, 等. 地膜覆盖对河套灌区春玉米耗水结构及水分利用的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报, 2021, 40(8):10-18.
[53]	HU Y J, MA P H, DUAN C X, et al. Black plastic film combined with straw mulching delays senescence and increases summer maize yield in northwest China[J]. Agricultural water management, 2020, 231:106031.
[54]	陈姣, 张池, 陈玉佩, 等. 不同绿肥和覆膜措施对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量和土壤水分动态的影响[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2021, 27(12):2136-2148.
[55]	GUO X Y, ZHANG Z G, SUN G L, et al. Relay intercropping cover crop combined with reduced nitrogen application improves subsequent cotton agronomic traits while maintaining yield and quality[J]. Crop science, 2023, 63(4):2475-2490.
[56]	ZHANG Z G, AN J, XIONG S W, et al. Orychophragmus violaceus-maize rotation increases maize productivity by improving soil chemical properties and plant nutrient uptake[J]. Field crops research, 2022, 279:108470.
[57]	HU Z H, ZHAO Q, ZHANG X J, et al. Winter green manure decreases subsoil nitrate accumulation and increases N use efficiencies of maize production in North China Plain[J]. Plants, 2023, 12(2):311.
[58]	LIU S L, MA Z Y, ZHANG Y, et al. The impact of different winter cover crops on weed suppression and corn yield under different tillage systems[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(5):999.
[59]	陈念, 范競升, 刘思林, 等. “绿肥-玉米-大豆”轮作体系对作物产量及品质的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2020, 39(4):555-563.
[60]	郭耀东, 程曼, 赵秀峰, 等. 轮作绿肥对盐碱地土壤性质、后作青贮玉米产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2018, 26(6):856-864.
[61]	刘威, 耿明建, 秦自果, 等. 种植绿肥与稻秸协同还田对单季稻田土壤有机碳库和酶活性的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(7):125-133.

研究区	试验管理	结果	参考文献
东北地区	玉米秸秆，设不覆盖、6 t/hm² 2个处理	6 t/hm²处理的玉米产量在2011年下降了18%，在2012年下降了26%	[33]
华北地区	小麦秸秆，设0、3000、 6000 kg/hm² 3个处理	3000、6000 kg/hm²处理的冬小麦产量比0 kg/hm²分别降低了5%和7%	[34]
长江流域	小麦秸秆，设0、3000、6000、9000、 12000^、15000、18000 kg/hm² 7个处理	12000 kg/hm²处理的夏玉米产量最高；玉米穗长、穗径、穗粒数、千粒重和产量较0、18000 kg/hm²分别提高18.4%、7.1%、4.0%、 8.9%、8.8%和8.5%、3.6%、1.6%、3.6%、3.5%	[37]
华北地区	小麦秸秆，设0、6、12 t/hm² 3个处理	12 t/hm²处理的夏玉米产量显著高于0、6 t/hm²处理	[38]
长江流域	小麦秸秆，设不覆盖，15000、20000、 30000 kg/hm² 4个处理	不覆盖处理在棉花吐絮期的果枝数和成铃数为8.0和10.7，不同秸秆覆盖量处理可达12.2~13.2和25.9~29.9	[39]
黄土高原	小麦秸秆，设不覆盖，地膜覆盖，秸秆覆盖(4 t/hm²)³个处理	夏玉米平均产量提高9.8%，冬小麦平均产量提高7.4%	[40]

研究区	试验管理	结果	参考文献
东北地区	玉米秸秆，设不覆盖、6 t/hm² 2个处理	6 t/hm²处理的玉米产量在2011年下降了18%，在2012年下降了26%	[33]
华北地区	小麦秸秆，设0、3000、 6000 kg/hm² 3个处理	3000、6000 kg/hm²处理的冬小麦产量比0 kg/hm²分别降低了5%和7%	[34]
长江流域	小麦秸秆，设0、3000、6000、9000、 12000^、15000、18000 kg/hm² 7个处理	12000 kg/hm²处理的夏玉米产量最高；玉米穗长、穗径、穗粒数、千粒重和产量较0、18000 kg/hm²分别提高18.4%、7.1%、4.0%、 8.9%、8.8%和8.5%、3.6%、1.6%、3.6%、3.5%	[37]
华北地区	小麦秸秆，设0、6、12 t/hm² 3个处理	12 t/hm²处理的夏玉米产量显著高于0、6 t/hm²处理	[38]
长江流域	小麦秸秆，设不覆盖，15000、20000、 30000 kg/hm² 4个处理	不覆盖处理在棉花吐絮期的果枝数和成铃数为8.0和10.7，不同秸秆覆盖量处理可达12.2~13.2和25.9~29.9	[39]
黄土高原	小麦秸秆，设不覆盖，地膜覆盖，秸秆覆盖(4 t/hm²)³个处理	夏玉米平均产量提高9.8%，冬小麦平均产量提高7.4%	[40]

研究区	试验管理	结果	参考文献
南方地区	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆掩埋比秸秆覆盖更能提高氮肥利用率和玉米产量	[5]
西北地区	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆覆盖比秸秆掩埋更能提高氮肥利用率和玉米产量	[5]
东北地区	玉米秸秆，设不覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆深耕还田3个处理	秸秆深耕还田处理的每公顷籽粒产量分别比不覆盖和秸秆覆盖处理高3.01%和6.40%，百粒重分别高2.37%和5.77%，每穗粒数均高11.8%，每公顷穗数分别低11.4%和9.68%	[41]
中国	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆覆盖和秸秆掩埋都提高了作物产量；在年平均降水量<400 mm 的地区，秸秆覆盖比秸秆掩埋更能增加土壤养分含量，而在年平均降水量>800 mm的地区，则相反	[42]

研究区	试验管理	结果	参考文献
南方地区	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆掩埋比秸秆覆盖更能提高氮肥利用率和玉米产量	[5]
西北地区	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆覆盖比秸秆掩埋更能提高氮肥利用率和玉米产量	[5]
东北地区	玉米秸秆，设不覆盖、秸秆覆盖、秸秆深耕还田3个处理	秸秆深耕还田处理的每公顷籽粒产量分别比不覆盖和秸秆覆盖处理高3.01%和6.40%，百粒重分别高2.37%和5.77%，每穗粒数均高11.8%，每公顷穗数分别低11.4%和9.68%	[41]
中国	设秸秆掩埋、秸秆覆盖2个处理	秸秆覆盖和秸秆掩埋都提高了作物产量；在年平均降水量<400 mm 的地区，秸秆覆盖比秸秆掩埋更能增加土壤养分含量，而在年平均降水量>800 mm的地区，则相反	[42]

研究区	试验管理	结果	参考文献
北方地区	设秸秆不同覆盖量和不同施氮量处理	秸秆覆盖量<6000 kg/hm²和施氮量<100 kg/hm² 对玉米增产效果显著	[5]
华北地区	玉米秸秆，设0、4500、9000 kg/hm² 3个秸秆还田处理和0、150、225、300 kg/hm² 4个施氮量处理	秸秆覆盖量4500 kg/hm²，氮肥225 kg/hm² 增加了冬小麦的千粒重和籽粒产量	[43]
东北地区	玉米秸秆，设9000 kg/hm²秸秆还田量下，0、90、150、 210、270、330 kg/hm² 6个氮肥施用量水平和210 kg/hm² 施肥量下，0、4500、9000、13500 kg/hm² 4个秸秆还田量	210 kg/hm²施肥量下，最佳秸秆还田量为 9000 kg/hm²，氮肥施用量为0、90、150 kg/hm² 时具有更高的产量	[44]