Effects of Cyanamide on Early Flowering and Carbohydrates and Proline in Flower Buds of Prunus salicina var. cordata

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0685

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim was to explore the optimal application concentration of cyanamide to promote early flowering and its effect on nutrient content in flower buds of Prunus salicina var. cordata. Taking 5-year-old P. salicina var. cordata as the test variety, and the water treatment was used as the control. The effects of three cyanamide concentrations [1% (T₁), 0.63% (T₂) and 0.42% (T₃)] on the contents of starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in the flower bud of P. salicina var. cordata during flowering and flowering process were studied. The results showed that the three concentrations of cyanamide treatment had positive effects on promoting the early flowering of P. salicina var. cordata flower buds, and the effect of T₁ treatment was the best, which could make the plants enter the full flowering stage more than 21 days earlier than the control. The treatment of cyanamide significantly increased the contents of starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in flower buds. The starch content reached the peak on the 10^th day after treatment with T₁ and T₂, and reached the peak on the 17^th day after treatment with T₃. The peaks were significantly increased by 37.23%, 30.40% and 10.50%, respectively, compared with the control. The content of soluble sugar maintained a high level in 3-31 d. The soluble sugar content of flower buds treated with T₁ reached the maximum value of 2.81 mg/(g·FW) on the 10^th day, which was significantly higher than that of the control and other concentrations (P<0.05). The soluble protein content reached the maximum on the 31^th day, except that the concentration of T₂ treatment had no significant difference with the control on the 10^th day, the other treatments were significantly higher than the control. The content of proline showed a trend of continuous and rapid increase in the germination stage, and was at a high level on the 38^th day after treatment, which was 262.22, 214.81 and 203.30 μg/mL, respectively, and was significantly higher than the control. The concentration of 1% treatment of cyanamide had the best effect on promoting early flowering of P. salicina var. cordata. Cyanamide can promote the accumulation of nutrients such as starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline in flower buds, which provides an important nutritional and material basis for flower bud metabolic activities and flower organ development.

Key words: Prunus salicina var. cordata, flower buds, cyanamide, flowering early, carbohydrates, starch, soluble sugar, soluble protein, proline

LIU Tianfeng, LIAO Ruyu, LIU Zhicheng, JIANG Chunyan, CAI Jianrong, LAI Liting, QIU Qisong. Effects of Cyanamide on Early Flowering and Carbohydrates and Proline in Flower Buds of Prunus salicina var. cordata[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(15): 59-64.

Figures/Tables 6

References 35

[1]	廖汝玉, 叶新福, 周丹蓉, 等. 福建李资源现状及其利用价值分析[J]. 中国南方果树, 2019, 43(4):101-103.
[2]	李壑清, 王乔丽, 李升星, 等. 单氰胺对设施栽培冬枣物候期和果实品质的影响[J]. 西南林业大学学报(自然科学), 2020, 40(4):185-188.
[3]	龙岩市统计局, 国家统计局龙岩调查队. 龙岩统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社有限公司,2023:129.
[4]	王磊, 张才喜, 许文平, 等. 单氰胺对甜樱桃休眠解除及开花过程树体碳氮营养的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2016, 33(6):709-718.
[5]	廖汝玉, 曾志芳, 罗水鑫, 等. 㮏李产业发展报告[J]. 北方园艺, 2019(2):173-177.
[6]	刘芳, 寇芯, 聂萧, 等. 不同促萌处理对葡萄芽萌发和果实品质的影响[J]. 分子植物育种, 2017, 15(1):370-376.
[7]	冯争光, 刘晓杰, 张永信, 等. 设施油桃无需冷栽培破眠剂的筛选[J]. 中国果树, 2015(2):23-26.
[8]	谭一婷, 范秀娟, 纪薇. 单氰胺对3个葡萄品种休眠解除生理特性及综合品质的影响[J]. 果树学报, 2021, 38(5):725-738.
[9]	PRAMANIK S K, DUTTA S, BHATTACHARYYA A. Studies on the residue of hydrogen cyanamide in grape berries[J]. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 2009, 82(5):644-646. doi: 10.1007/s00128-009-9642-7 pmid: 19159052
[10]	王会全, 李亮, 李永裕, 等. 内源激素对砂梨花芽休眠进程的调控作用[J]. 福建农业学报, 2022, 37(12):1571-1578.
[11]	李玲. 桃花芽休眠解除SSH文库构建及相关基因的功能分析[D]. 泰安: 山东农业大学, 2011.
[12]	王翠平, 严莉, 乔改霞, 等. 脯氨酸参与植物开花信号转导途径[J]. 生物资源, 2017, 39(6):455-463.
[13]	吴月燕, 李培民, 吴秋峰. 葡萄叶片内碳水化合物及蛋白质代谢对花芽分化的影响[J]. 浙江万里学院学报, 2002(4):60-63.
[14]	高天瑜, 郑斌, 许文天, 等. 杧果成花过程碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白含量的变化[J]. 中国南方果树, 2022, 51(3):63-69.
[15]	刘孝仲, 许生吉, 蒋禄元. 伏令夏橙开花和生理落果期春梢叶片可溶性蛋白氨基酸含量变化[J]. 园艺学报, 1990, 17(1):21-28.
[16]	刘宗莉, 林顺权, 陈厚彬. 枇杷成花过程叶片可溶性蛋白变化动态[J]. 亚热带植物科学, 2008, 37(2):1-6.
[17]	李小安. 低温胁迫对不同扁蓿豆种子内游离脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影响[J]. 青海科技, 2011, 18(2):40-42.
[18]	陈代慧, 刘宇新, 王艳梅, 等. 低温胁迫对不同抗寒品种山茶花生理生化指标的影响[J]. 河南科学, 2013, 31(12):2154-2159.
[19]	陈智智. 脯氨酸对减轻桃果实冷害的作用及其机理研究[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2012.
[20]	何天明. 梨雄性不育系‘新梨7号’花器官内氨基酸含量和过氧化氢酶活性分析[J]. 果树学报, 2012, 29(3):338-342.
[21]	WANG Y N, LIANG C Z, MENG Z G, et al. Leveraging Atriplex hortensis choline monooxygenase to improve chilling tolerance in cotton[J]. Environmental and experimental botany, 2019,162:364-373.
[22]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社,2000:199-201.
[23]	MAO J, LI Y, LI S Y, et al. Bufei Jianpi granules reduce quadriceps muscular cell apoptosis by improving mitochondrial function in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease[J]. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2019(10):1-9.
[24]	田莉莉, 方金豹, 王力荣, 等. 华光油桃解除休眠过程中几项生理指标的变化[J]. 果树学报, 2006(1):121-124.
[25]	徐臣善, 徐爱红. 高温对苹果花粉在花柱内萌发和生长的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 2014, 50(1):51-55.
[26]	李琛, 王海静, 姜涛, 等. 温室栽培黄金梨种子败育初探[J]. 果树学报, 2023, 40(1):67-73.
[27]	刘星辉, 郑家基, 潘东明, 等. 㮏结果习性的研究[J]. 福建农学院学报, 1989(4):543-547.
[28]	曾辉, 杜丽清, 邹明宏, 等. 澳洲坚果花芽分化期碳水化合物含量的变化动态[J]. 经济林研究, 2013, 31(2):65-70.
[29]	吴光炎, 孙莉琼, 王康才, 等. 变温处理对西红花花芽分化及其生理生化的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2021, 41(8):1338-1346.
[30]	常钟阳, 张金政, 孙国峰, 等. 德国鸢尾“常春黄”花芽分化的形态观察及两种代谢产物的动态变化[J]. 植物研究, 2008, 28(6):741-745. doi: 10.7525/j.issn.1673-5102.2008.06.020
[31]	魏绪英, 陈慧婷, 李金峰, 等. 变温处理对红花石蒜鳞茎生理及开花的影响[J]. 江西农业大学学报, 2019, 41(6):1086-1092.
[32]	王桢, 周琳, 杨贞, 等. 番红花子球茎膨大过程中主要营养物质和植物激素的动态变化[J]. 植物生理学报, 2019, 55(9):1306-1314.
[33]	KAVI-KISHOR P B, SANGAM S, AMRUTH R N, et al. Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plants: its implications in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance[J]. Current science, 2015, 88(3):424-438.
[34]	付崇毅, 刘杰才, 崔世茂, 等. 低温对日光温室砂糖橘成花诱导及生理反应的影响[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2013, 21(5):572-579.
[35]	缪旻珉, 曹碚生. 黄瓜花药和花粉高温伤害与多胺和脯氨酸含量的关系[J]. 园艺学报, 2002(3):233-237.

处理	38 d	45 d	52 d	59 d	66 d	73 d
T₀(CK)	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.86	47.14	99.43
T₁	2.57	53.14	98.57
T₂	0.86	41.43	92.86
T₃	0.00	8.57	73.14	99.02

处理	38 d	45 d	52 d	59 d	66 d	73 d
T₀(CK)	0.00	0.00	0.00	2.86	47.14	99.43
T₁	2.57	53.14	98.57
T₂	0.86	41.43	92.86
T₃	0.00	8.57	73.14	99.02

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	51.54±4.858c	73.41±4.259c	79.72±6.716b	75.34±11.431a	95.85±4.208a	76.64±3.073a
T₁	97.42±3.813a	100.74±2.882a	75.24±1.716b	76.34±3.997a	64.69±2.201bc	56.84±4.059b
T₂	84.14±7.157ab	95.73±1.716ab	76.75±0.539b	73.89±6.363a	59.75±1.166c	49.53±4.868bc
T₃	80.42±4.192b	85.14±3.985b	88.09±1.730a	70.70±5.120a	72.84±1.874b	42.78±3.520c

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	51.54±4.858c	73.41±4.259c	79.72±6.716b	75.34±11.431a	95.85±4.208a	76.64±3.073a
T₁	97.42±3.813a	100.74±2.882a	75.24±1.716b	76.34±3.997a	64.69±2.201bc	56.84±4.059b
T₂	84.14±7.157ab	95.73±1.716ab	76.75±0.539b	73.89±6.363a	59.75±1.166c	49.53±4.868bc
T₃	80.42±4.192b	85.14±3.985b	88.09±1.730a	70.70±5.120a	72.84±1.874b	42.78±3.520c

处理	3 d	10 d	17 d	24 d	31 d	38 d
T₀(CK)	1.92±0.694a	1.86±0.032c	1.78±0.254c	1.61±0.128c	1.58±0.412b	1.47±0.980a
T₁	2.47±0.322a	2.81±0.568a	2.40±0.364ab	2.15±0.294b	2.39±0.343a	1.78±0.390a
T₂	2.28±0.577a	2.41±0.381b	2.62±0.548a	2.31±0.446ab	2.14±0.085a	1.72±0.242a
T₃	2.09±0.490a	2.26±0.205bc	2.14±0.279bc	2.58±0.342a	2.71±0.548a	1.52±0.327a