Effect of Glycine Betaine on Respiratory Electron Transfer During Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense Under Low Temperature Stress

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0782

Abstract

Abstract:

The paper aims to investigate the effect of exogenous glycine betaine on seed germination, especially the respiration during germination, under low temperature stress. This study used the Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense variety ‘Youmu 2’ as the experimental material to investigate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) on respiratory electron transfer during seed germination and seedling growth under low temperature stress. The results indicated that: 15 mmol/L GB treatment significantly increased the germination potential, germination index, germination rate, shoot length, and root length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination. It also significantly increased the total respiration rate, COX respiration rate, AOX respiration rate, and the proportion of COX in the total respiration of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination. However, it had no significant effect on the proportion of AOX in the total respiration. Its effect on the proportion of COX respiration and AOX respiration in total respiration gradually decreased with increasing temperature, significantly increasing the SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination, and significantly reducing their H₂O₂ content. It significantly improved the SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination, and significantly reducing their H₂O₂ content. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, shoot length, and root length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds under low temperature germination with 15 mmol/L GB treatment showed a highly significant or significant positive correlation with AOX respiration rate, COX respiration rate, and total respiration rate, and a highly significant or significant negative correlation with CAT activity, SOD activity, POD activity, and H₂O₂ content. The plant height, root length, stem length, and leaf length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seedlings grown at low temperatures under 15 mmol/L GB treatment showed a highly significant or significant positive correlation with total fresh mass, aboveground fresh mass, and underground fresh mass, and a highly significant or significant negative correlation with H₂O₂ content. Therefore, GB could increase the respiration rate of COX and AOX in seeds, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of seeds and seedlings, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, effectively alleviate the oxidative damage to seeds and seedlings under low temperature stress, promote the germination of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds and the growth and development of its seedlings under low temperature stress.

Key words: glycine betaine, low temperature stress, Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense, seed germination, respiratory electron transfer, seedling growth

HONG Senrong, WANG Yi, LU Yaxuan, ZAITUNIGULI·Maimaititursun, LIU Lina, SUN Meiling. Effect of Glycine Betaine on Respiratory Electron Transfer During Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense Under Low Temperature Stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(16): 156-164.

Figures/Tables 8

References 39

[1]	梁玉, 李金凤, 崔键, 等. 炭化液对NaCl胁迫下高丹草种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 植物资源与环境学报, 2024, 33(3):80-88.
[2]	胡梦洁, 肖燕子, 姜超, 等. 添加剂对紫花苜蓿和高丹草混合青贮品质及维生素含量的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(5):1642-1649. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2024.05.034
[3]	石磊, 徐朝阳, 吕宁. 不同灌溉量对南疆风沙盐碱土高丹草生长及土壤盐分的影响[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2024, 47(2):59-62.
[4]	李争艳, 徐智明, 李岩, 等. 江淮地区苜蓿短期连作对后作高丹草生长及土壤微环境的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2024, 33(9):155-168. doi: 10.11686/cyxb2023424
[5]	孔德真, 段震宇, 王刚, 等. 盐、碱胁迫下高丹草苗期生理特征及转录组学分析[J]. 生物技术通报, 2023, 39(6):199-207. doi: 10.13560/j.cnki.biotech.bull.1985.2022-0758
[6]	刘瑞, 周贵兰, 洪越, 等. 低温对小麦种子萌发不同阶段生理特性的影响[J]. 北京农学院学报, 2024, 39(3):32-38.
[7]	ALEEM M, RAZZAQ M K, ALEEM M, et al. Genome-wide association study provides new insight into the underlying mechanism of drought tolerance during seed germination stage in soybean[J]. Scientific reports, 2024,14:20765.
[8]	KHATRI K, NEGI B, BARGALI B S S. Effects of different concentrations of leaf residues of Ageratina adenophora on seed germination and growth behavior of two native tree species of Kumaun Himalaya, India[J]. Waste and biomass valorization, 2024,15:923-943.
[9]	SALIH S M, ABDULRRAZIQ A A. Impact of seawater irrigation on seed germination and seedling growth of ten bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes[J]. Life research, 2024,7:32-37.
[10]	吴繁琦, 王桂荣, 白钰, 等. γ-氨基丁酸对甘草种子萌发及呼吸代谢的影响[J]. 种子, 2023, 42(4):18-24.
[11]	GENEROZOVA I P, VASILEV S V, BUTSANETS P A, et al. Effect of melatonin and dehydration on lipid peroxidation level and respiration of pea embryos, growth of seedlings, and oxidative activity of mitochondria in epicotyls[J]. Russian journal of plant physiology, 2024,71:23.
[12]	FUCHS H, MALECKA A, BUDZINSKA A, et al. High-throughput method for oxygen consumption rate measurement (OCR) in plant mitochondria[J]. BMC plant biology, 2023,23:496.
[13]	NONIBALA G, PRATIM S P, PUSPANJALI K, et al. Nutritional composition and pharmacological activity of Musa balbisiana Colla seed: An insight into phytochemical and cellular bioenergetic profiling[J]. Plant foods for human nutrition, 2023,78:520-525.
[14]	孙聪, 白杨, 李连国, 等. 草莓果实线粒体呼吸代谢与超微弱发光的关系[J]. .西北植物学报, 2019, 39(10):1805-1811.
[15]	SANTIS D A. Changes of mitochondrial properties in maize seedlings associated with selection for germination at low temperature. Fatty acid composition, cytochrome coxidase, and adenine nucleotide translocase activities[J]. Plant physiology, 1999,119:743-754.
[16]	章可奕, 李文鑫, 杜锦, 等. 甜菜碱对盐胁迫下小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响[J]. 天津农学院学报, 2024, 31(4):8-11. doi: 10.19640/j.cnki.jtau.2024.04.002
[17]	杨志杰, 陈艳, 戴陶宇, 等. 外源甜菜碱对高温胁迫下生菜种子萌发的影响[J]. 种子, 2024, 43(5):99-104.
[18]	CHUNGLOO D, TISARUM R, SAMPHUMPHUANG T, et al. Exogenous glycine betaine alleviates water-deficit stress in Indian pennywort (Centella asiatica) under greenhouse conditions[J]. Protoplasma, 2024,261:625-639.
[19]	JABEEN Z, MAHMOOD B, REHMAN S, et al. Biodegradable glycine betaine encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles induce the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes to improve drought tolerance in maize[J]. South African journal of botany, 2024,171:571-582.
[20]	董文科, 马祥, 周学文, 等. 外源甜菜碱对低温胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(1):130-140. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2019.01.017
[21]	顾开元, 侯爽, 陈锦芬, 等. 外源甜菜碱对低温胁迫下烟草幼苗生理特性的影响[J]. 云南农业大学学报(自然科学), 2021, 36(2):283-290.
[22]	许高平, 刘秀峰, 袁文娅, 等. 水杨酸和甜菜碱浸种对低温干旱胁迫下玉米苗期生长的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2018, 26(6):50-56.
[23]	代勋, 李忠光, 龚明. 赤霉素、钙和甜菜碱对小桐子种子萌发及幼苗抗低温和干旱的影响[J]. 植物科学学报, 2012, 30(2):204-212.
[24]	GODMER A, BIGEY L, GIANETTO G Q, et al. Contribution of machine learning for subspecies identification from Mycobacterium abscessus with MALDI-TOF MS in solid and liquid media[J]. Microbial biotechnology, 2024,17:e14545.
[25]	王婕, 刘美君, 赵尧尧, 等. 赤甜菜碱对低温下苜蓿种子萌发中呼吸电子传递的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2024, 32(3):763-771. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2024.03.012
[26]	ZHANG L T, GAO H Y, ZHANG Z S, et al. Multiple effects of inhibition of mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway on photosynthetic apparatus in Rumex K-1 leaves[J]. Biologia plantarum, 2012,56:365-368.
[27]	ZHANG L T, ZHANG Z S, GAO H Y, et al. The mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway protects the photosynthetic apparatus against photodamage in Rumex K-1 leaves[J]. BMC plant biology, 2012,12:1-18.
[28]	CHAHINE S, MELITO S, GIANNINI G R P P. Fluoride stress affects seed germination and seedling growth by altering the morpho-physiology of an African local bean variety[J]. Plant growth regulation, 2024,102:339-350.
[29]	CONSTANTIN D C, SCURTU I, SBIRCIOG G. Effects of seaweed extract for seed priming of tomatoes and eggplant on seed germination and seedling vigor[J]. Acta horticulturae, 2024,1391:511-517.
[30]	苏志刚, 龙建廷, 高国荣, 等. 低温和干旱胁迫对4种披碱草属种子萌发的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2024(14):88-94.
[31]	SELINSKI J, SCHEIBE R, DAY D A, et al. Alternative oxidase is positive for plant performance[J]. Trends in plant science, 2018,23:588-597.
[32]	罗蛟, 李玉婷, 张子山, 等. 烟草叶片中呼吸电子传递途径在缓解叶绿体PSII光抑制中的作用[J]. 植物学报, 2020, 55(1):31-37. doi: 10.11983/CBB19117
[33]	BRAVO J S, GREEN T O, CRUM J, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of dazomet for the control of annual bluegrass seed germination in renovated turf surfaces[J]. Horttechnology, 2018,28:44-47.
[34]	赵文静, 张浩阳, 徐燕妮, 等. 不同温度下AOX和COX途径对苜蓿种子萌发和幼根生长的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(1):84-92. doi: 10.11733/j.issn.1007-0435.2022.01.011
[35]	张苗, 姜玉, 汤静, 等. 冷激结合甜菜碱处理对西葫芦冷害及能量代谢的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2020, 41(7):184-190. doi: 10.7506/spkx1002-6630-20190716-212
[36]	WU Z X, CHEN J, WANG T, et al. Effects of low temperature stress on germination and physiological characteristics of different sweet maize varieties[J]. Plant diseases and pests, 2024,15:1-3.
[37]	杨朝伟, 安明珠, 任伟, 等. 两个黑麦品种种子萌发期和幼苗期耐寒性差异及其生理机制[J]. 中国草地学报, 2024, 46(6):1-9.
[38]	BUTT M, SATTAR A, ABBAS T, et al. Retraction: Morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes of chili (Capsicum annum L.) genotypes grown under varying salinity levels[J]. PloS one, 2022,17:e0272532.
[39]	姜秀梅. 外源物质处理对低温胁迫下辣椒种子萌发及幼苗抗冷性的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆农业大学,2014:38-58.

GB浓度/(mmol/L)	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
0	0.000±0.00Ee	0.00±0.00De	0.00±0.00Ee
5	8.984±0.56Dd	3.13±0.15Cd	0.85±0.08Dd
10	18.15±4.52BCb	6.84±1.79ABb	2.19±2.33BCb
15	34.37±2.65Aa	8.32±0.88Aa	6.24±0.46Aa
20	12.91±4.25CDc	4.23±2.17BCc	1.44±1.11CDc

GB浓度/(mmol/L)	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数
0	0.000±0.00Ee	0.00±0.00De	0.00±0.00Ee
5	8.984±0.56Dd	3.13±0.15Cd	0.85±0.08Dd
10	18.15±4.52BCb	6.84±1.79ABb	2.19±2.33BCb
15	34.37±2.65Aa	8.32±0.88Aa	6.24±0.46Aa
20	12.91±4.25CDc	4.23±2.17BCc	1.44±1.11CDc

温度/ ℃	GB浓度/ (mmol/L)	5 d					10 d
温度/ ℃	GB浓度/ (mmol/L)	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数	芽长/cm	根长/cm	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数	芽长/cm	根长/cm
5	0	26.44±2.13Bb	6.13±0.86Bb	3.25±0.47Bb	0.12±0.04Bb	0.13±0.02Bb	35.56±2.19Bb	14.65±0.87Bb	6.53±0.93Bb	0.64±0.07Bb	0.35±0.08Bb
5	15	36.82±1.35Aa	9.24±1.56Aa	5.86±0.98Aa	0.28±0.05Aa	0.22±0.05Aa	54.23±4.35Aa	24.41±1.34Aa	12.28±1.22Aa	1.15±0.18Aa	0.68±0.07Aa
10	0	41.86±3.41Bb	16.24±2.87Bb	8.13±0.76Bb	0.34±0.05Bb	0.42±0.03Bb	52.87±3.28Bb	21.45±1.34Bb	12.56±1.87Bb	0.98±0.08Bb	1.06±0.06Bb
10	15	53.67±1.56Aa	24.98±3.14Aa	13.54±1.72Aa	0.69±0.12Aa	0.74±0.06Aa	67.38±2.43Aa	35.62±2.41Aa	18.93±1.54Aa	1.73±0.34Aa	1.75±0.23Aa
15	0	71.55±5.09Aa	44.46±2.33Aa	17.87±1.55Aa	0.78±0.05Aa	0.88±0.07Aa	88.98±5.36Aa	51.68±2.87Aa	25.35±1.04Aa	2.23±0.12Aa	2.34±0.15Aa
15	15	73.23±4.12Aa	42.65±6.24Aa	18.25±1.62Aa	0.71±0.09Aa	0.82±0.08Aa	84.27±7.13Aa	53.18±5.13Aa	23.45±2.46Aa	2.56±0.44Aa	2.37±0.45Aa
20	0	89.37±5.68Aa	59.58±3.24Aa	26.35±1.84Aa	1.36±0.34Aa	0.99±0.09Aa	95.34±6.25Aa	62.24±4.18Aa	31.89±2.87Aa	4.67±0.86Aa	3.45±0.34Aa
20	15	87.45±6.19Aa	57.22±3.91Aa	25.16±2.19Aa	1.33±0.08Aa	0.96±0.11Aa	94.37±5.23Aa	63.13±2.48Aa	32.22±3.81Aa	4.89±0.87Aa	3.52±0.53Aa

温度/ ℃	GB浓度/ (mmol/L)	5 d					10 d
温度/ ℃	GB浓度/ (mmol/L)	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数	芽长/cm	根长/cm	发芽率/%	发芽势/%	发芽指数	芽长/cm	根长/cm
5	0	26.44±2.13Bb	6.13±0.86Bb	3.25±0.47Bb	0.12±0.04Bb	0.13±0.02Bb	35.56±2.19Bb	14.65±0.87Bb	6.53±0.93Bb	0.64±0.07Bb	0.35±0.08Bb
5	15	36.82±1.35Aa	9.24±1.56Aa	5.86±0.98Aa	0.28±0.05Aa	0.22±0.05Aa	54.23±4.35Aa	24.41±1.34Aa	12.28±1.22Aa	1.15±0.18Aa	0.68±0.07Aa
10	0	41.86±3.41Bb	16.24±2.87Bb	8.13±0.76Bb	0.34±0.05Bb	0.42±0.03Bb	52.87±3.28Bb	21.45±1.34Bb	12.56±1.87Bb	0.98±0.08Bb	1.06±0.06Bb
10	15	53.67±1.56Aa	24.98±3.14Aa	13.54±1.72Aa	0.69±0.12Aa	0.74±0.06Aa	67.38±2.43Aa	35.62±2.41Aa	18.93±1.54Aa	1.73±0.34Aa	1.75±0.23Aa
15	0	71.55±5.09Aa	44.46±2.33Aa	17.87±1.55Aa	0.78±0.05Aa	0.88±0.07Aa	88.98±5.36Aa	51.68±2.87Aa	25.35±1.04Aa	2.23±0.12Aa	2.34±0.15Aa
15	15	73.23±4.12Aa	42.65±6.24Aa	18.25±1.62Aa	0.71±0.09Aa	0.82±0.08Aa	84.27±7.13Aa	53.18±5.13Aa	23.45±2.46Aa	2.56±0.44Aa	2.37±0.45Aa
20	0	89.37±5.68Aa	59.58±3.24Aa	26.35±1.84Aa	1.36±0.34Aa	0.99±0.09Aa	95.34±6.25Aa	62.24±4.18Aa	31.89±2.87Aa	4.67±0.86Aa	3.45±0.34Aa
20	15	87.45±6.19Aa	57.22±3.91Aa	25.16±2.19Aa	1.33±0.08Aa	0.96±0.11Aa	94.37±5.23Aa	63.13±2.48Aa	32.22±3.81Aa	4.89±0.87Aa	3.52±0.53Aa

温度/ ℃	GB浓度/ (mmol/L)	总呼吸速率/ [µmol/(m²·s)]	COX呼吸速率/ [µmol/(m²·s)]	AOX呼吸速率/ [µmol/(m²·s)]	COX在总呼吸中的占比/ %	AOX在总呼吸中的占比/ %
5	0	32.981±1.43Bb	19.44±1.34Bb	13.54±1.04Bb	58.94±4.15Bb	41.05±3.25Aa
5	15	55.352±4.25Aa	36.87±3.16Aa	18.48±1.87Aa	66.61±2.98Aa	33.39±1.13Bb
10	0	71.234±5.32Bb	52.17±5.11Bb	19.06±1.66Bb	73.24±5.76Aa	26.76±2.16Bb
10	15	92.862±4.38Aa	64.35±3.45Aa	28.51±2.13Aa	69.30±2.89Bb	30.70±1.57Aa
15	0	114.52±7.12Bb	74.13±6.12Bb	39.87±3.18Bb	64.73±5.13Aa	34.81±3.45Aa
15	15	134.62±5.22Aa	86.09±4.19Aa	48.53±4.35Aa	63.95±6.73Aa	36.05±2.72Aa
20	0	126.38±8.12Bb	78.13±2.18Bb	48.25±2.81Bb	61.82±8.14Aa	38.18±3.18Aa
20	15	142.56±12.03Aa	88.07±3.87Aa	54.49±6.23Aa	62.78±2.86Aa	38.22±1.68Aa