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Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (32): 1-8.doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0786

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Analysis of Grain Filling Characteristics of Main Stem Spike of ‘Shimai 26’

GAO Xinmei1,2(), FU Xiaoyi1,2, GAO Zhenxian1,2, ZHAO Yankun1,2, SHI Zhanliang1,2, BAN Jinfu1,2, CAO Qiao1,2, LI Caihua1,2, SHAN Zilong1,2, ZHOU Yongbin3, HE Mingqi1,2()   

  1. 1 Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050800
    2 Wheat Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050800
    3 Crop Science Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081
  • Received:2024-12-30 Revised:2025-03-15 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-11-18

Abstract:

To analyze the grain filling characteristics of the early maturing and high-yield wheat variety 'Shimai 26', this study used 'Shimai 26' under sparse and dense planting and its parents 'Shiyou 17' and 'Jimai 22' under dense planting as materials to analyze the structure and grain size of the main stem panicle, and the shading of flag leaves and infrapanicle stems after anthesis was used to detect the source of grain nutrients at the grain filling stage. The results showed that the average dry weight, number of grains per spike, and grain volume of the main stem spike of 'Shimai 26' under dense planting were higher than those of its parents, with increases of 0.15-0.18 g, 0.84-3.30 grains, and 2.30-2.55 cm3, respectively. These indicated that 'Shimai 26' had prominent high-yield traits. During sparse sowing, 'Shimai 26' showed a slight increase in the final dry weight of the grains per ear under shading of flag leaf or stem under spike, with an increase rate of less than 3.00%. These results showed that 'Shimai 26' had good buffering capacity for source organ restriction. Under dense planting, the final decrease in dry weight of grains per ear for three varieties under shading treatment exceeded 8.00%, indicating that the grain nutrients at the filling stage of 'Shimai 26' were more dependent on the photosynthesis of the stem under the ear. In summary, 'Shimai 26' has prominent high-yield traits in the ear, good self-regulation ability, and a higher proportion of nutrients derived from photosynthesis in the stem under the ear, providing a theoretical basis for its high yield mechanism.

Key words: 'Shimai 26', parents, main stem spike, grain filling, density, grain dry weight, shading