Research on Effect of Agricultural Waste Returning to Field on Reducing Carbon Emissions, Increasing Carbon Sink and Improving Soil: Taking TCMR + Straw as An Example

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0349

Abstract

Abstract:

Agricultural carbon reduction and sink increase is a key strategy to cope with climate change. Straw returning is one of the most effective methods for sequestering carbon in soil. However, the conventional straw returning methods currently used in China are often associated with the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and pests, and their carbon sequestration performance lacks stability. Therefore, this study innovatively proposed the synergistic returning mode of Traditional Chinese Medicinal Residues (TCMR) and straw, aiming to clarify its synergistic mechanism, which using TCMR to effectively inhibit soil-borne pests and diseases caused by straw returning, and synergistically optimize soil nutrient structure, so as to improve carbon sequestration efficiency. This study mainly used the method of literature review and case analysis to systematically sort out the current situation of soil application of TCMR and its impact on crop growth, and focused on evaluating the potential of this synergistic returning mode in alleviating greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing farmland soil carbon sink capacity. The results showed that the combined application of TCMR and straw could significantly increase soil organic matter content, effectively improve acidified and saline-alkali soil, and promote crop yield and quality. As a major producer of straw and Chinese medicinal materials, the promotion of this technology can realize the large-scale resource utilization of two kinds of agricultural solid wastes and provide an innovative path for waste recycling. Their combined capacity for carbon emission reduction, carbon sequestration, and soil improvement is also of significant importance for achieving China’s “dual carbon” goals and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture, with the potential to simultaneously enhance crop yields and improve ecological quality.

Key words: TCMR, straw return, carbon reduction and carbon sequestration increase, soil improvement

LIU Shiliang, WANG Yu, GUAN Xiujing, ZHANG Dongbo, XU Li, ZHOU Mengmeng, XIA Wei. Research on Effect of Agricultural Waste Returning to Field on Reducing Carbon Emissions, Increasing Carbon Sink and Improving Soil: Taking TCMR + Straw as An Example[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2025, 41(23): 74-83.

Figures/Tables 7

References 81

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减碳增汇机制	参考文献	土壤环境改良机制	参考文献
增加土壤有机碳含量	[56,60-63,78]	提高土壤肥力和氮利用效率，促进作物增产提质	[21,49,78]
改善土壤团粒结构，增加土壤固碳能力	[43,78]	提高土壤酶活性，降低土壤容重，优化土壤理化性状	[49]
增加作物产量，提高碳利用水平	[21,46,49]	增加土壤生物量，改变微生物区系，提高微生物丰度	[44]
改良土壤环境，促进土壤健康，利于土壤从碳源向碳汇的转变	[43-44,78]	改善土壤pH，缓解土壤酸化、盐碱化和重金属污染等问题	[44]
降低农业化学投入及相关产品生产与施用导致的碳排放	[21,63,78]	控制作物病虫草害风险	[19-20,78]

减碳增汇机制	参考文献	土壤环境改良机制	参考文献
增加土壤有机碳含量	[56,60-63,78]	提高土壤肥力和氮利用效率，促进作物增产提质	[21,49,78]
改善土壤团粒结构，增加土壤固碳能力	[43,78]	提高土壤酶活性，降低土壤容重，优化土壤理化性状	[49]
增加作物产量，提高碳利用水平	[21,46,49]	增加土壤生物量，改变微生物区系，提高微生物丰度	[44]
改良土壤环境，促进土壤健康，利于土壤从碳源向碳汇的转变	[43-44,78]	改善土壤pH，缓解土壤酸化、盐碱化和重金属污染等问题	[44]
降低农业化学投入及相关产品生产与施用导致的碳排放	[21,63,78]	控制作物病虫草害风险	[19-20,78]

影响因素	效果	参考文献
气候特征	在受温带大陆气候影响的地区进行秸秆还田措施对粮食作物病害影响较小；在亚热带季风气候地区进行秸秆还田措施能够降低粮食作物病害的发病率和病情指数；在温带季风性气候地区进行秸秆还田措施则会增加粮食作物病害的发病率和病情指数。	[68]
土壤pH	在酸性土壤进行秸秆还田能够减弱作物病害，中性和碱性土壤条件下进行秸秆还田易加剧作物病害。
土地利用方式	在旱地采取秸秆还田措施更容易诱发作物病害，而水田的厌氧环境可以一定程度上控制病原菌的繁殖，同时，适当提高初始施N量可以避免病原菌与作物争N时作物吸收养分不足引起的植株长势弱、免疫弱。
种植作物类型	玉米田、水稻田较麦田更适合采用秸秆还田措施，不易引发作物病害。
秸秆类型	采用品种与易感病害较为丰富的作物的秸秆还田会增加土壤病原菌的多样性，加大病害管控难度。
秸秆还田量	秸秆还田量越大，越易诱发作物土传或种传病害。
秸秆还田时间	在秋季进行秸秆还田，较春季碳排放量低。	[11]
秸秆还田年限	连续多年进行秸秆还田易增加碳排放量。	[12]
秸秆还田方式	把秸秆埋入土壤较覆盖土壤碳排放量低。	[11]

影响因素	效果	参考文献
气候特征	在受温带大陆气候影响的地区进行秸秆还田措施对粮食作物病害影响较小；在亚热带季风气候地区进行秸秆还田措施能够降低粮食作物病害的发病率和病情指数；在温带季风性气候地区进行秸秆还田措施则会增加粮食作物病害的发病率和病情指数。	[68]
土壤pH	在酸性土壤进行秸秆还田能够减弱作物病害，中性和碱性土壤条件下进行秸秆还田易加剧作物病害。
土地利用方式	在旱地采取秸秆还田措施更容易诱发作物病害，而水田的厌氧环境可以一定程度上控制病原菌的繁殖，同时，适当提高初始施N量可以避免病原菌与作物争N时作物吸收养分不足引起的植株长势弱、免疫弱。
种植作物类型	玉米田、水稻田较麦田更适合采用秸秆还田措施，不易引发作物病害。
秸秆类型	采用品种与易感病害较为丰富的作物的秸秆还田会增加土壤病原菌的多样性，加大病害管控难度。
秸秆还田量	秸秆还田量越大，越易诱发作物土传或种传病害。
秸秆还田时间	在秋季进行秸秆还田，较春季碳排放量低。	[11]
秸秆还田年限	连续多年进行秸秆还田易增加碳排放量。	[12]
秸秆还田方式	把秸秆埋入土壤较覆盖土壤碳排放量低。	[11]

中药渣用于秸秆还田的优势	相关案例
补充部分秸秆还田无法提供的营养物质和微量元素，给作物提供新的附加营养价值或药用价值，促进作物增产提质	[48]
防治秸秆还田可能引发的各种作物病虫草害，促进作物健康	[19,57]
加强土壤环境改良效果，控制重金属等污染，降低秸秆还田风险	[4,78]