Abstract:

This study is dedicated to the exploration of a highly efficient and environmentally benign biological control system targeting tobacco bacterial wilt, with a comprehensive assessment of the efficacy and research advancements across diverse biocontrol methodologies, thereby offering a robust scientific underpinning for the green management of this disease. The research undertakes a systematic review of key strategies, encompassing attenuated Ralstonia solanacearum strains, antagonistic microorganisms, plant immune elicitors, rhizosphere microbial modulation, bioengineering technologies, and integrated biological control approaches, while meticulously elucidating their mechanisms of action and summarizing findings from both field and pot-based experimental trials. The investigation reveals that attenuated pathogen strains, along with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, can markedly reduce disease prevalence; meanwhile, plant immune elicitors effectively activate plant defense enzyme activity and upregulate resistance gene expression. Additionally, cutting-edge approaches such as engineered bacteriophages and transgenic technologies have shown significant promise in disease mitigation, and integrated biocontrol strategies have been demonstrated to enhance the overall growth of tobacco plants, leading to improvements in plant height, stem girth, maximum leaf length and width, as well as leaf area. However, current biological control still faces challenges such as the suboptimal colonization efficiency of antagonistic strains, restricted universality of antagonists, insufficient mechanistic understanding, and the absence of systematic solutions. Therefore, the study proposes targeted recommendations: optimizing the performance of antagonistic strains, developing composite microbial agents and synergistic technologies, constructing multifunctional microbiomes, integrating agroecological regulation measures, and promoting the "biocontrol + agricultural measures" paradigm. These efforts aim to establish a synergistic prevention and control system characterized by "pathogen suppression, host enhancement, and ecological restoration," ultimately achieving more efficient and sustainable management of tobacco bacterial wilt.

Key words: tobacco, bacterial wilt, biological control, antagonism, resistance