Abstract: The data of national rice regional trial in Southern China in 2002 were analyzed. The results indicated that the average relative yield (against 100 as absolute yield of CK) of varieties of early indica (EI), middle indica (MI), late indica (LI), high quality (HQ) and general (G) were 99.9, 103.7, 101.5, 102.2 and 102.3 respectively in the Yangtse Valley in China. Resistances to diseases of most varieties belong to moderately resistant (MR)- moderately susceptible (MS). Percentage of high quality varieties of EI, MI and LI were 0.0%, 28.0% and 17.9% respectively. The plant height with suitable higher would do important action indirectly to increase yield. Keeping suitable effective panicles, it is the most important to increase filled grains per panicle to improve yield. The main quality traits to affect on quality of EI, MI and LI were head rice rate, chalky grain rate chalkiness and head rice rate chalky grain rate chalkiness respectively. The main quality traits to affect on quality of high yield (increased significantly or similar to CK) varieties were chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Some advices to advance breeding technologies were given.