Abstract: the comparison of agronomic traits of three hundred and sixteen varieties of soybean, from the growing-areas of Huanghuaihai, north China and south China, indicated that branches per plant, pods per branch and pods per plant of improved varieties were inferior to those of landraces of Hebei. But the other traits, such as pods of main stem, seed weight per plant, seed number per plant and 100-seed weight, were superior to those of the locales. The correlation analyses, by using the improved and landrace materials, respectively, showed that the significantly positive relations existed between pods of main stem, pods per branch, pods per plant and seeds per plant and seed weight per plant .The same striking positive relations also existed between node number of main stem and plant height, pods of main stem, pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seeds per plant. Besides, branches per plant was significantly or non-significantly positively related to pods of branch, pods per plant, seeds of single plant and seed weight per plant, but when comes to pods of main stem, the relation was opposite. There were significantly positive relations between seeds per plant and seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed weight per plant, whereas negative between 100-seed weight and seeds per plant. Through comparison and analysis, some varieties with traits of minimum or maximum were screened out. These materials could be used as parents of soybean improvement and acceptors of transferring gene or resources of molecular marker mapping populations.