Abstract: This experiment studied the effect of fertilizer on the population quantity, accumulation of dry material, photosynthesis characteristics and yield of Shaan 253,a good quality, high and stable yield winter wheat variety. The result shows that raising fertilizer can increase the population quantity and ears; and the accumulation number of dry material of organs increase with raising fertilizer in different fertilizer level. The relationship between photosynthesis characteristic per plant and fertilizer applying is not distinct. There are not obvious difference among Photo, Trmmol and Cond of treatment. Applying fertilizer of N, P and organism fertilizer can increase the yield of wheat greatly 493.95 kg/hm2.