Abstract: Soil samples were collected with GPS reference locations and analyzed using standard methods. Characteristics of variation of farmland soil fertility quality was revealed using a GIS spatial analysis technique; Relations of soil fertility quality and its indices with landscape characteristics were discussed. Results of the soil fertility evaluation show that the soil fertility quality was not high in the studies area in 2001 with an index distribution pattern of being lower in the southern part than in the central, western and northern parts. Over the past 20 years, the general trend of the change in soil fertility quality appeared to be upward. The area of farmland with improved soil fertility quality was accounted for 84.4% of the total in the studied zone. The index up between 0 and 0.2 occupying the largest area (498 km2),73.2% of total farmland area; The area of farmland with dropped soil fertility quality was accounted for 15.6% of the total in the studied zone. The index drop between 0 and 0.2 occupying the smallest area (73 km2),10.7% of total farmland area. Landscape characteristic has a great influence on soil fertility quality evaluation. Over the past 20 years, the change in soil fertility quality appeared to be upward was in Anthrosols derived from phyllite, granite and red sandstone, with an elevation below 800m.