Abstract: Using a statistic data which based on a GIS plat, P budget for national (1952-2004) and regional (1980-2002) level in China were calculated, and it’s spatial and temporal variabilities were analyzed to estimate the potential impacts of P surpluses or deficits to soil. At regional level, the P budgets ranged from -20 kg/ha to 425 kg/ha and -17 kg/ha to 450 kg/ha in 1996 and 2002, respectively. The percentage of middle P surplus (20-50 kg/ha) decreased from 34.2% to 24.1%, while high P surplus (50-100 kg/ha) increased from 29.3% to 33.4% between 1996 and 2002. P fertilizer application was the dominate factor affected the variability of P budget whether on the national or regional scale; plant structure was also a driving factor affecting the temporal variability of P input. The economic strength (agricultural income) of the farmer played an important role in the P application in the relatively undeveloped agricultural area.