Abstract: The Karst areas in Southwest of China are the world's largest continuous Karst region, which are mainly distributed in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Chongqing, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi province, and Guizhou is the center of them. As a result of its high sensitivity, low-bearing capacity of the disaster, small environmental capacity, the Karst ecosystems have become a typical ecological fragile zone. The fragile ecosystems coupled with the irrational human use of the land, lead to the rapid environmental degradation, which seriously restricted the economic development in the areas. Thus people's attention about them is increasing, and a series of related research has started, which has yielded some results. This article provided an overview of the progress and the existed problems of the eco-geological environment, the present research situation, the measuring methods, time and space variety, the characteristics and the storage capacity of soil moisture in the Karst areas of Southwest China, with an exception to provide some theoretical basis for the ecological restoration and reconstruction in the regions.