Abstract: In order to understand and master the principles of natural vegetation restoration on abandoned quarry,the plant community structures at an early natural recovery stage of vegetation were investigated on an abandoned quarry in Xiaojia Mount in April and August,2007. The results show that:(1)The main types of vegetaon in the area are shrub and herbage.The shrub species are rather simple,with only 4 families,5 genera and 5 species,but the herbage communities are much more abundant with 26 families,49 genera and 67 species in total.The dominant herbages species on each site type are similar to each other,with no distinct difference; (2)The species diversity is quite low in the area.As to the richness and diversity index,the results are:LH＞NS＞PT＞SL＞LS＞DL＞CS,but the evenness is contrary;(3)The same species in the plant communities show similar trend with the thickness of the soil in the site types.Soil is the main limiting factor to natural vegetation recovery.