Abstract: With the economical sustained growth of China, the income differential between city and countryside also was unceasing expansion. Income differential enlarging is the market economy common phenomenon. Because the national institutional arrangements create the opportunity is not equal, will then enlarge the city and countryside income disassimilation. This will cause the social distribution condition not to conform to the socialism fair principle. Embarks from the construction harmonious society goal, solves a city and countryside income differential oversized starting point is also the farmer by the national treatment, forms integrated the labor market, enables the farmer to have many enters a city the opportunity, enjoys the equal employment and the fair income treatment.