Abstract: Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oil-yielding plant in the world. Breeding of new varieties is an important component of sesame industry development. With the development of biological technology, cell engineering applied to breeding, molecular breeding and other biotechnology breeding gradually replace traditional sesame breeding. Biotechnology breeding has become an important research direction of sesame breeding. Various breeding methods and their partial achievement applied in breeding were summarized in recent years and some problems were drawn in this paper. The practical perspective of breeding technology in inheritance improvement of sesame is also discussed．