Abstract:

In order to analyze the main characteristics and existing problems of new rice species，and to provide the theory strategy for future rice varieties improvement, characteristics such as agronomic traits, quality and resistance of 288 Chinese newly national authorized rice varieties (including 183 hybridization indica rice, 105 japonica rice) during the Eleventh Five-year Plan were statistically analyzed. Rice morphology as well as the correlation between yield and yield related traits exhibited considerable differences among six ecological rice types. Long growth duration and large panicles were the major factors for high yield in single season rice along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, further yield increment could be achieved by increasing reproductive panicles on the basis of large panicles. For early rice along the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River and Japonica rice in North China which had the most reproductive tillers, further yield increase should be the increment of spikelets per panicle. Japonica rice from North China and late-season indica rice had comparably better rice quality, while early season indica rice contained higher chalky rate. The entire 288 nation authorized rice varieties showed acceptable high resistance to rice blast while the resistance to rice planthopper was generally low, improvement of resistance to rice planthopper should be the focus in further rice breeding works. Outstanding male sterile lines played an important role in hybrid rice breeding. In addition to some previously bred superior lines like Ⅱ-32A, ‘Xieqinzao A’ etc, which were still widely used, newly bred promising A lines like ‘Tianfeng A’, ‘Wufeng A’, ‘Chuan Xiang A’ etc, also talent showed themselves. Two line hybrids thrived due to the application of a number of practical PGMS and TGMS lines, which were an important contribution in promoting rice breeding during the Eleven Five-year Plan.