Abstract: High temperature is often accompanied with drought and they are especially considered as key stress factors with high potential impact on crop yield in numerous abiotic stresses. Nowadays, a wide range of persistent drought had become the most serious threat to agricultural production because of the global warming. Combined stress will usually appear synergistic effect or antagonistic effect, the unique mechanism of rice response to the combined stress of high temperature and drought has not been understood. In this paper the effects of the single factor of the high temperature or drought on yield, grain quality and physiological characteristic of flag leaves had been introduced, and the influences of combined stress of the high temperature and drought on rice had been summarized. There may be two ways of the rice responded to the combined stress of high temperature and drought. One is that the physiological activities of rice would be hurt seriously, even more than the sum of the effects by the two single-factor when the two stress appear simultaneously, the other is that the rice would achieved the resistance by the process to adapt the first adversity, thereby reducing the injury of subsequent stress when the two stress factors were applied one by one.