Abstract: In order to research the effects of 4 kinds of soil fumigation such as the 1,3-dichloropropylene, dimethyl disulfide, metham sodium and formic acid methyl ester on the soil microbes characteristics after fumigation a week, and the experiments determined the quantity changes of soil microbial bacteria, fungi and actinomyces with dilution plate method through the indoor culture experiments. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen was determined by fumigation extraction-ninhydrin method; soil respiration was known by absorbed directly method; catalase activity was determined by permanganate titration; the activity of dehydrogenase and amylase were measured by ultraviolet spectrophotometric method. The results showed that, after fumigation 7 days 4 kinds of soil fumigation all significantly reduced the number of soil bacteria and actinomyces and microbial biomass nitrogen, but it had less effects on fungi. Also 1,3-dichloropropylene and metham sodium could significantly inhibited soil respiration. Among this, the effects of metham sodium on soil enzyme activity were most significant. Thus, 4 kinds of soil fumigation all took some effects on soil microorganism and metham sodium had the most significant, the next was dimethyl disulfide, but 1,3-dichloropropylene and formic acid methyl had some significant on microbial populations and microbial biomass nitrogen.