Abstract: In order to assess the characteristics of wheat potential productivity in China and find the climatic reasons of the potential productivity change, the period from 1961 to 2010 was divided into two stages, i.e., 1961-1990 and 1991-2010, then the agro-climatic resource was analyzed and compared. This research employed the Argo-ecological Zones model 3.0 to simulate the impact of occurred climatic change on potential productivity of wheat in China. Compared the period from 1961 to 1990 with the period from 1991 to 2010, the simulation results showed that, because of the change in the heat, moisture condition and crop cycle, increase in the potential yield of wheat mainly took place in the northeast, north and Sichuan Basin owning to the favorable influence of climate change. In contrast the northwest and southeast China experienced a reduction in the potential yield. The suitable areas for growing winter wheat had moved northwards obviously. And the suitable area of rain-fed spring wheat was reductive in the transition band of half moist and half arid climate area. The total potential production of rain-fed wheat reduced 5% in China, but it did not change obviously for irrigate wheat. It was the most obvious that, the total potential production of rain-fed and irrigate wheat increased in Northeast of China under global warming background. The production of China wheat needs to utilize climate resources and optimize the overall arrangement rationally, in order to adopt the influence brought in climatic change.