Abstract: Effects of application of 6 different organic materials such as cattle manure, biogas residue, sewage sludge, chicken manure, mushroom residue and pig manure on spring wheat yield and soil fertility of irrigated desert soil were studied in order to investigate the agricultural feasibility of organic wastes. The study was carried out through field experiments, in which combined application of 6 different organic materials and 70% conventional chemical fertilizer was adopted, with 8 treatments set up in total. The results showed that combined application of 6 different organic materials and 70% conventional chemical fertilizer could increase the grain yield and biological yield of spring wheat in comparison to control. Mushroom residue, sewage sludge and chicken manure could increase N use efficiency and mushroom residue, biogas residue and sewage sludge could increase P use efficiency of spring wheat by contrast with conventional chemical fertilizer application. The K use efficiency of mushroom residue and sewage sludge was found to be much higher than other treatments, reaching 97.47% and 94.75% respectively. The input of different organic materials increased the organic matter content of irrigated desert soil, without having significant influences on soil total nutrient content, but having different influences on soil available nutrient content.