Abstract: Farmland is the material basis of human survival and development, its quality and pollution prevention directly influenced the sustainable development of agriculture and quality and safety of agricultural products. While, due to the long-term effects by industrial pollution and excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, antibiotics, farmland pollution is growing and the quality situation is not optimistic. Using the information collected in Jiangsu, Hunan, Heilongjiang and Jilin, this paper analyzed the quality protection and pollution prevention of farmland, and found that although the 4 provinces have adopted a series of measures to protect farmland and prevent pollution, there are still some problems to be solved, such as the top-level design needs to be strengthened, the traditional agricultural technology needs to be inherited, the technology and policy support need to be enhanced and the consciousness of related subjects needs to be improved. On this basis, this paper suggests to strengthen the top-level design, establish ecological compensation mechanism for farmland and improve the R & D of technology and propaganda.