Abstract: Irrigation construction plays an important role in developing agriculture and animal husbandry in northern Xinjiang, because the‘desert oasis irrigation agriculture’is a typical local characteristic, soil conditions of the irrigation area are fundamental to the irrigation district. Therefore, it is of significance to correctly evaluate soil resources in irrigation district in order to ensure a rational development and utilization of water and soil resources and to realize sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry. The author took Akdala irrigation district in Xinjiang Aletay Area as the research objective, through investigation of soil quality status of the irrigation area, data and sample collection and laboratory analysis, we researched the characteristics, distribution and different types of soil formation of the area. The result showed that, the main soil forming conditions was frozen action, plus effect of wind and temperature change; soil in the irrigation area mainly comprised desert light brown calcic soil and aeolian sandy soil. The sandy soil contained gravel powder - powder fine sandy soil, soil parent material was sand blown by the wind from far; desert light brown calcic soil was mainly fine sand, soil parent material was 3 series sandy and mudstone weathered and carried by flood or remained in situ. In addition, desertification in the researched area has been worsening. The research can provide theoretical and technical basis for the development of irrigation resources in northern Xinjiang.