Abstract: Carbon based fertilizer was a mixture of biochar and chemical fertilizer, it could ameliorate the construct of soil, and preserve soil water and fertilizer. In order to get some theoretical foundation for reasonable application of carbon based fertilizer in the production of potato of Wuchuan areas in Inner Mongolia, random block design was adopted to study the effects of the carbon based fertilizer on the yield, quality and efficiency of‘Kexin1’by applying 0, 300, 600, 900 and 1200 kg/hm² of this fertilizer and the same amount of N, P, K fertilizer. The results showed that: with the increment of carbon based fertilizer, the yield of potato of the carbon based fertilizer increased by 26.01%, 34.77%, 43.39% and 49.71% than that of CK, and the differences were significant or extremely significant. The number of tuber per plant, the weight of a tuber and the rate of big tubers of the 1200 kg/hm² treatment were much higher than CK. The amylose content of the eight treatments was significantly higher than CK. The amylopectin content, total starch content and protein content of the eight treatments of were higher than that of CK, but the differences did not reach significant level. The application of the carbon based fertilizer could decrease the level of reducing sugar content, and the level of the 600, 900, 1200 kg/hm² treatments were significantly lower than that of CK. The results showed that: the number of tuber per plant, the weight of single tuber, the rate of big tubers, yield, amylose content, amylopectin content, total starch content, protein content and efficiency of the treatments with carbon based fertilizer were higher, and the content of reducing sugar was lower than that of treatments with chemical fertilizer of the same amount of N, P, K. The yield, quality and efficiency of potato of 1200 kg/hm² treatment were higher, and it was the suitable match for local plant.