Abstract: Rice false smut is a kind of panicle disease, nowadays it has risen from a secondary disease to one of the main diseases of rice. To increase accuracy of resistance identification for rice false smut, this experiment conducted a comprehensive study, including inoculation methods, inocula, planting time, infection condition and environmental condition in the field and greenhouse. This study compared three inoculation methods and found that the best effect was the combination of injection and spraying method. Among four inocula, the mixture of hypha fragment and thin-wall conidia caused the most severe disease, whereas mycelium fragments and chlamydospores kept in room last year could not cause false smut. The treatments of sun-shade and moisturizing spray had a better disease effect after inoculated with pathogen in field or greenhouse conditions. The temperature of 25-30℃ and relative humidity above 85% were more favorable to infection and symptom appearance of the disease. In addition, the results showed that more stable identification effect could be obtained in the greenhouse than in field condition. In order to get a more effective and reliable assessment result, it suggested that the identification of disease resistance of rice should combine the artificial-natural resistance identification in field and artificial inoculation in greenhouse.