Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.18 Published:27 July 2015

  Correlation Research on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield Characters of Different Rice Varieties Yan Ping,Zhang Shuli,Yu Yanmin,Mu Fengchen,Wu Hongtao,Xu Zhenhua and Zhou Jinsong 2015, 31 (18):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120112 Abstract + ( 1411 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 472 ) In order to discuss the relationship between dry matter accumulation in different rice varieties and yield character in southern rice region of Heilongjiang Province, 6 rice varieties of different main cultivated stages in this rice planting area were taken as test materials, and the research was carried out by plot experiment. The results indicated that the general trend of dry matter accumulation of different rice varieties was low in early stage, high in late stage, and middle stage took the second place; dry matter accumulation proportion of different rice varieties was different between before heading and after heading, after heading was significantly higher than before heading. The dry matter accumulation from high to low was as follows: ‘Songgeng 9’, ‘Songgeng 3’, ‘Songgeng 2’, ‘Songgeng 6’, ‘Wuyoudao1’, ‘Tengxi138’. The yield from high to low was as follows: ‘Songgeng 9’, ‘Songgeng 3’, ‘Songgeng 6’, ‘Songgeng 2’, ‘Wuyoudao1’, ‘Tengxi138’. Dry matter accumulation from jointing to heading stage and from heading to maturity presented significant positive correlation with yield. Dry matter accumulation before heading presented extremely significant positive correlation with grain number per panicle and 1000 grain weight. Dry matter accumulation after heading presented significant positive correlation with yield. Total dry matter accumulation presented extremely significant positive correlation with yield. Percentage of earbearing tiller presented extremely significant positive correlation with yield, maturing rate presented significant positive correlation with yield. In conclusion, reasonably increasing dry matter accumulation from jointing to maturity is beneficial to improving the yield in this rice planting area.

  Effects of Different Planting Methods on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Early-late Season Double Cropping Rice Wu Dandan,Chen Jiana,Zhang Ruichun,Zhou Xuefeng,Shan Shuanglv,Cao Fangbo,Xie Xiaobing and Zou Yingbin 2015, 31 (18):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010211 Abstract + ( 1001 )   PDF ( 1482KB )   ( 395 ) To explore the effects of different planting methods on growth characteristics and yield of double cropping rice, with conventional early rice ‘Zhongjiazao17’, hybrid early rice ‘Lingliangyou104’ as materials in early-late season, a field experiment was conducted during 2013–2014 to compare the different planting methods, including direct seeding (DS), artificial transplanting (AT), seedling throwing (ST) and mechanical transplanting (MT). Results showed that the yield of MT of the two varieties in early season was the highest and averaged as 9.17 t/hm2 (8.28-10.10 t/hm2). And the highest yields of both MT and AT in late season were 8.78-8.79 t/hm2 in 2013, and the highest yields of DS and MT in 2014 were 8.05-8.20 t/hm2 and 7.79-8.03 t/hm2, respectively. There was no significant difference of the total growth duration of early rice among the four planting methods under the same seeding stage and transplanting stage, DS of late rice delayed sowing 13 ~ 15d and the total growth duration shortened 5-8 d. The tiller growth and decline of AT and ST appeared as the type of early onset, steady rise and slow drop, MT displayed the type of slow onset, speedy rise and slow drop, the type of DS was speedy onset, speedy rise and speedy drop. The dry matter accumulations were different during the heading stages and mature stages among 4 planting methods in two years, of which ST was the highest, DS and MT took the second place in 2013. Meanwhile, MT was the highest, AT and ST took the second place in 2014. Therefore, adopting the combination mode of variety in early-late season and MT could benefit the yield formation and the coordination among yield components, and relieve the seasonal contradictions of MT of double cropping rice.

  Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield Components of Hybrid Rice Combinations ‘Xieyou 385’ Li Shuxing,Xiang Guanlun,Yang Zhanlie,Gan Yu and Guo Hui 2015, 31 (18):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010048 Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 1307KB )   ( 505 ) In order to ascertain the ways for achieving high yield and investigate the yield potential of a new hybrid rice variety Rice ‘Xieyou 385’, the whole growth period, plant height, effective spike, spike length and spike grain number, grain numbers per spike, setting rate, and yield traits were analyzed by using the data of regional tests and production tests of rice in Guizhou. The correlation analysis results showed that the largest factor correlated with yield is the solid grain number, r= 0.53 reached the significant level; the real correlation coefficient of the spike grain number and grain number was r= 0.77, reaching extremely significant level. The path analysis results showed that the effective ear and grain number had greater direct effect on the production. In conclusion, in order to improve the rate of ear grain number and achieve high yield, we need to postpone the application of nitrogen properly, to increase grain fertilizer at three-leaf stage and pay attention to sludge management at filling stage.

  Nitrogen Amount and Transplanting Density on Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Late Rice Zeng Xianjun,Cai Guiqing,Tian Chang,Wang Juan,Huang Wei and Peng Jianwei 2015, 31 (18):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2489 Abstract + ( 1739 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 652 ) Excessive amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and planting density smaller, seriously restricting rice yield and increasing rice nitrogen use efficiency. An experiment was carried out to study the effect of 5 different N amounts and 3 transplanting density of 15 treatments on yield and nitrogen utilization of late rice with ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ to prove the nitrogen fertilizer and planting density of influence and the interaction effects. The results showed that there was a significant influence of N level and transplanting density on yield, but interactive effect was no significant. The grain yield of nitrogen usage was 200 kg/hm2, it was higher than other treatments. The results of the trial indicated that late rice yield could be raised by properly increasing the transplanting density and decreasing the amount of nitrogen application. The greatest impact on yield of panicles, followed by per panicle, the minimum were grain weight and seed setting rate. Took the yield into consideration, the N fertilization rate was recommended as N 200 kg/hm2 with the transplanting density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2. Nitrogen use efficiency was the amount 50 kg/hm2 and density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2. Considering the yield and economic benefit, we thought that N application of 200 kg/hm2 and transplanting density of 300 thousand clusters per hm2 combination was the most appropriate treatment.

  Effects of Different Seed Treatment Methods on Seedling Quality of Mechanized Transplanting Rice Li Xiangling,Feng Yuehua,Wang Yuhe,Wang Xiaoyan,Mo Yinhua and Wang Xu 2015, 31 (18):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120180 Abstract + ( 914 )   PDF ( 1300KB )   ( 372 ) The paper aims to ascertain the best seed treatment method of mechanized transplanting rice, and provide a theoretical basis for popularizing of mechanized transplanting rice and achieving high yield. Effects of different seed treatments (germination or dressing Hanyubaomu) on seedling quality of mechanized transplanting rice under the field trial conditions were studied in 2014. The results showed that the sprouting rate of the mechanized transplanting rice seedlings could be appropriately improved under germination conditions and dressing Hanyubaomu, and dressing and dry Hanyubaomu can significantly increase the thickness of the seedlings, inhibited seedling growth, increased leaf years, promoted root bold. Germination treatments were not significant on aerial part of seedling, but it could significantly promote the growth of seedling root and root length. So, germination and mixing Hanyubaomu could improve the quality of seedlings, and was the best way for raising seedlings of mechanized transplanting rice.

  Impacts of Manganese on Rice Growth and Physiological Effects Zhang Zhengwei and Lu Yuncai 2015, 31 (18):  30-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120210 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 1336KB )   ( 389 ) Manganese is a kind of necessary trace element for the growth and development of rice. The author took rice seedlings as material, discussed the effect of manganese on the growth and physiological effect of rice seedlings. The author used water planting method, designed manganese deficiency and manganese excess treatments and measured agronomic traits and physiological and biochemical indexes of rice seedlings. The results showed that rice seedlings were sensitive to manganese stress. The plant height, root length, fresh weight, chlorophyll and soluble protein content decreased in different degrees, while MDA content increased, POD activity decreased; the extent of damage in rice seedlings was as follows: 1000 Mn>100 Mn>-Mn. Both manganese deficiency and excess could adversely affect the growth of rice seedlings, manganese should be reasonably applied.

  Effect of Duntianbao on the Growth and Yield Formation of Dryland Wheat Zhang Jinzhao,Gao Zhiqiang and Sun Min 2015, 31 (18):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010047 Abstract + ( 600 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 339 ) The paper aims to explore the impacts of spraying different concentrations of Duntianbao on the growth and yield formation of dryland wheat. An experiment was carried out in Wenxi County Shanxi Province from 2013 to 2014, to study the impact in the stages of standing and flagging leaf. The results showed that the growth of roots was accelerated in the jointing stage. The roots were decelerated to die at maturity. In addition, the LAI at the jointing and anthesis stages and the dry matter at all stages increased. When Duntianbao was sprayed at the standing stage, the ear number increased complying with high concentrations. Ear number was the key factor of yield. The ear number increased since the spraying of Duntianbao in the flagging leaf stage. The grain number and the 1000-grains weight increased complying with high concentrations. The grain number and the 1000-grains weight were the key factors of yield. The LAI at the anthesis stage, the dry matter at anthesis and maturity was improved since the spraying of Duntianbao in both two stages. The ear number, grain number per ear and yield were significantly enhanced since the spraying of Duntianbao in both two stages, the yield increased by 5.8%-10%. Therefore, the effect of Duntianbao was the best when the ratio was 1:1 at two stages and at the concentration of 750 mL Duntianbao/225 kg water per hectare. It significantly increased ear number and 1000-grains weight.

  Effects of Irrigation Decision-making Ways on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat Wang Kewu,Mao Sishuai,Zhou Jihua,Cheng Ming and Meng Fanyu 2015, 31 (18):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3042 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 376 ) To improve the water use efficiency of wheat, three irrigation decision-making ways, including Prwin software decisions, Peng Man formula, experience irrigation (control), were set to study their effects on yield, water production efficiency and related properties of wheat. Results showed that, under the Prwin irrigation decision-making way, wheat irrigation amount during the whole growing period was 2151.0 m3/hm2, saving 699.0 m3/hm2 compared with control; plant height, flag leaf and panicle traits showed no significant difference compared with control; the yield reached 7401.4 kg/hm2, with an increase of 7.8% compare with control; water use efficiency of wheat was 1.80 kg/m3, with an increase of 26.8% compared with control. Under Peng Man formula way, compared with control, 400.5 m3/hm2 irrigation amount was saved, with yield increase of 4.2% and water use efficiency increase of 4.1%.

  Stalk Mechanical Characteristics of Different Summer Maize Varieties and Its Response to Drought Stress Xia Laikun,Liu Jingbao,Zhu Weihong,Xue Huazheng,Gu Limin,Li Xinze,Huang Lu,Qiao Jiangfang,Li Chuan and Guo Guojun 2015, 31 (18):  46-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120152 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1457KB )   ( 404 ) In order to study the effect of drought stress on the stalk mechanical characteristics of different summer maize varieties and discuss the drought resistance ability of different summer maize varieties from the angle of stalk mechanical characteristics, the author used 8 main summer maize cultivars in Henan and analyzed the effects of drought stress on stalk break strength, stalk crushing strength and puncture strength. The results showed that drought stress had significant effect on stalk lodging resistance and the lodging resistance declined 15%-30% under drought stress. After drought stress, the stalk break strength, stalk crushing strength and puncture strength of different varieties averagely decreased 26.1%, 18.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, obvious differences existed among varieties, the average reduction of ‘Luoyu 8’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was smaller and that of ‘Liyu 16’ and ‘Zhongke 4’ was bigger. The research results showed that the drought resistance of ‘Luoyu 8’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ was stronger and that of ‘Zhongke 4’ and ‘Liyu 16’ was weaker.

  Mineral Nutrition and Growth of Maize Seedling Under High Al and Low Phosphorus Interaction Stress Zhang Limei,He Liyuan and Guo Zaihua 2015, 31 (18):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2038 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 1333KB )   ( 514 ) To determine mineral nutrition and seedling growth of different maize inbred lines under high aluminum (Al) and low phosphorus (P) interaction stress, and understand the relationship between the maize resistance to low P and high Al, a series of pots were used to study the characteristics of growth and uptaking of mineral elements of 8 maize inbred lines at seedling stage under different acid Al and P treatments. The results demonstrated that P deficiency and acid stress severely hindered the growing of maize. There was different tolerance to low-P and acid stress among maize lines. Lines 99320 and 99180 showed tolerance to both low P and acid-aluminum stress. They had higher relative dry matter weight when grew under low P and acid-aluminum stress. Lines 99239 and 99327 showed tolerance to low P but were sensitive to acid-aluminum stress. Line 99003 was tolerant to acid-aluminum stress but sensitive to low P condition. Line 99152 was sensitive to both low P and acid-aluminum stress. The stress of acid-aluminum could cause P deficiency and higher P could alleviate the toxicities. The low P severely affected the absorbing of P, K, Ca, Mg. The stress of acid-aluminum significantly decreased the absorbing of Ca, Mg, P, K and Fe. The addition of P could alleviate the toxicities and result in higher uptake amount of P, K and Fe. We also found that there was no relationship between Al-accumulation of shoot and acid and aluminum tolerance in maize inbred lines.

  Analysis of Relationship Between Biological Characters and Soybean Yield Zhu Jing and Fan Yadong 2015, 31 (18):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040079 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 1434KB )   ( 417 ) To explore the relationship between biological characters and soybean yield, this paper focused on selecting optimal function relationship between biological characters and soybean yield from eight types of functions by goodness of fitness (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), sum of squares due to error (SSE). The experimental results showed that the function relationship between height and soybean yield was Fourier1, and R2, RMSE, SSE was 0.9228, 6.836 and 93.45, respectively. On the other hand, the function relationship between index of leaf area and soybean yield was Poly4, and R2, RMSE, SSE was 0.7362, 71.87 and 319.2, respectively. In addition, the soybean yield changed from high to low when the plant height was in the range of 46-50 cm, and the yield was low when the plant height was more than 51 cm; the relationship between index of leaf area and soybean yield presented the right of parabola and soybean yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of index of leaf area.

  Study on the Features of Soil Moisture and Water Balance of Peanut Compound System Huang Helou,Ding Yeyi,Jing Yuanshu,Chen Kun and Cai Shibo 2015, 31 (18):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020045 Abstract + ( 584 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 398 ) The peanut compound system is an important farming system to develop the comprehensive utilization of water resources in the low hilly red soil region. It is worth of analysis in different periods of water dynamics, water balance and the utilization processes. The soil moisture at surface was measured by the advanced tensiometer for the maximum range of 15 bar. The data of soil moisture, runoff and precipitation in the fields were collected by position-fixed method during peanut growing season from 2001 to 2003. The influence of peanut compound system on soil moisture, rainfall and water balance component was analyzed. The results showed that there was no obvious difference between the soil water potential at 10 cm and 60 cm depth of peanut fields and intercropped fields during the rainy season，and it was affected by the rainfall intensity. The water potential at 10 cm depth of the peanut fields decreased to the lowest value of -344.0 kPa, while it was -50.6 kPa in the intercropped fields. The value of peanut fields was also lower than that of the intercropped fields during the dry season at 60 cm depth. The compound system reduced soil surface evaporation during the dry season. The 3-year dynamic of soil moisture was divided into three stages, which were water surplus period, water consuming period and water stability period. The intercropping system had stronger water consumption during the dry season. The soil water storage reduced 108.8 mm in July 2001, 111.7 mm in August 2002, and 105.5 mm in July 2003, respectively. The drainage and soil water storage change in the peanut compound system was 62.2 mm and 41.8 mm lower than that of the sole peanut field, respectively. There was no remarkable competition for water utilization between citrus and peanut during dry season. The peanut compound system had obvious surface water holding function and ecological effect.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Growth and Yield of Autumn Sowing Black Sesame ‘Ganzhi 8’ Li Yazhen,Xiao Guobin,Ye Chuan,Huang Tianbao,Liu Xiaosan,Zheng Wei,Xiao Xiaojun,Chen Ming and Hu Huiwen 2015, 31 (18):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120106 Abstract + ( 640 )   PDF ( 1518KB )   ( 470 ) In order to explore the effects of different N (nitrogen) application amounts on the growth and yield of ‘Ganzhi 8’, a new variety of black sesame, the author researched the yield, plant character and NUE (nitrogen using efficiency) of ‘Ganzhi 8’ under 6 N application amounts (0, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 kg/hm2 N). The results showed that N application amounts had significant influence on the yield of sesame. In all treatments, N120 had the highest yield, capsule number of single plant and grain number of single capsule, and the yield was 1172.22 kg/hm2. N0 was the worst of all treatments, and the yield was only 672.78 kg/hm2. HI (harvest index) was not consistent with the yield, compared with N0, HI (harvest index) of N60, N90, N120, N150 and N180 were increased by 15.99%, 14.91%, 38.82%, 25.68% and 17.07%, HI of N90 was the highest. Meanwhile, the NUE of N120 was better than that of the others, the NUE of N120 was 4.16 kg/kg. Through equation fitting, the reasonable range of N fertilizer application amount was 80-120 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Low Temperature Stress on the Content of MDA, SOD and POD Activity in Sorghum Seedlings Shi Hongmei,Zhang Haiyan,Yang Bin and Zhang Guixiang 2015, 31 (18):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120134 Abstract + ( 895 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 481 ) In order to understand the chilling tolerance physiological mechanisms of sorghum seedling, the author analyzed the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and peroxidase (POD) activity under the condition of low temperature and room temperature with a chilling tolerant variety and a chilling susceptible variety as the test materials. The results showed that MDA content, SOD activity and POD activity of two types of materials showed an increasing trend after low temperature stress. The increase of the MDA of chilling tolerant variety was below that of the chilling susceptible variety, while the increases of SOD activity and POD activity of chilling tolerant variety were above that of the chilling susceptible variety. It proved that whether variety was resistant to cold or not was related to the increase of MDA content, SOD activity and POD activity. Smaller increase of MDA content in material could result in more tolerance to cold; while larger increase of SOD activity and POD activity could result in more tolerance to cold.

  Effects of Black Film on Photosynthesis and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Sweet potato 2015, 31 (18):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120044 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 1536KB )   ( 565 ) The paper aims to reveal the mechanism of photosynthesis of black film on the yield of sweet potato. Taking‘Yan Shu 25’as test material, the author set black film and non-covered (CK) treatments to study the effects of black film on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics of the sweet potato. The results showed that black film significantly increased Pn and Cond values of sweet potato (P＜0.05), and both were positive linear correlation. Ic, Isat and Pmax values were also increased significantly. With the intensity increasing, the ETR, PCR and qP values of sweet potato gradually increased, and PhiPS2, Fv'/Fm' and NPQ values gradually decreased. When the light intensity was more than 1500 μmol/(m2 · s), the fluorescence parameters (ETR, PCR, PhiPS2, Fv'/Fm' and qP) of sweet potato by the black film increased significantly, and NPQ value reduced. Fresh weight and dry weight of sweet potato covered by black film were increased by more than 40% and 31%, respectively. Therefore, black film can significantly improve the efficiency of absorption and purveyance of photon at high intensity, further enhance the conversion rate of energy and the adaptation to the high intensity environment, and ultimately improve photosynthetic capacity of sweet potato.

  Analysis of Study Orientation for Potato He Yingbin,Gao Mingjie,Luo Qiyou,Li Jianping,Zhang Qing,Zhou Zhenya and Liu Yang 2015, 31 (18):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010058 Abstract + ( 645 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 489 ) In this paper, the authors analyzed the study orientation in the research field of potato based on present situation. At present, most academic researches focus on micro study, but in the future, research on macro level will be prosperous due to its significance and importance. The study on macro level will particularly be implemented in four aspects: extraction of spatial distribution data of potato by remote sensing technology, assimilation of agronomic model and remote sensing technology, dynamic change mechanism of spatial distribution for potato and simulation of spatial distribution and yield. In addition, the authors made an overview of study progress for the above-mentioned aspects, and believe that integration of remote sensing, GIS, spatial statistics and computer simulation technology for detecting spatial structure change for potato will be beneficial to optimizing potato plantation layout and ensuring China’s food security.

  Effect of Sowing Date on Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Tartary Buckwheat Varieties Li Chunhua,Wang Yanqing,Lu Wenjie and Wang Lihua 2015, 31 (18):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120191 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 388 ) In order to obtain the optimum sowing date of summer tartary buckwheat for high yield and better quality around Yunnan Kunming, three varieties (‘Yunqiao 1’, ‘Diku 1’ and ‘Jinku 6’) were selected to study the effects of four sowing date (June 25, July 5, July 15, July 25) on growth period, agronomic and yield traits. The results showed that, with the delaying of sowing date, the growth period of three tartary buckwheat varieties were all significantly shortened. The height, first branch number and stem node number had no systematic increase or decrease with the delaying of sowing date for all the three tartary buckwheat varieties. The number of seeds per plant, the thousand kernel weight, seed weight per plant and yield increased with the delaying of sowing date. Compared with early sowing (June 25), the yield of three varieties reduced by 69.4%-74.8% for sowing on July 5, reduced by 61.4%-93.3% for sowing on July 15 and reduced by 88.3%-94.7% for sowing on July 25. In this study, the suitable sowing date of summer tartary buckwheat for high yield and better quality in Yunnan was June 25, which could achieve the highest yield.

  Bibliometric Analysis of Chickpea Research Yang Jinfeng,Lv Junsheng and Zhang Xiaoyun 2015, 31 (18):  96-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120126 Abstract + ( 592 )   PDF ( 2162KB )   ( 416 ) Chickpeas, with its unique resources, are worth attention of researchers. Using Bibliometric methods to analyze the temporal-spatial and content changes of chickpeas research, we can have a new perspective of this research field and its development trend. Through bibliometric analysis of patent literatures in nearly a century and temporal and spatial distribution of SCI papers, the author found that there were relevant researches in Asia, the America, Europe and Australia, and these researches all had a comparatively long history. China's research on chickpea started late, but developed rapidly since 1999. Up to now, research on chickpea in China has become a large network of disciplines, which is content-rich, and with interdisciplinary development and emerging research hotspots. Analysis showed that the fast-growing patent on chickpea in Xinjiang has contributed greatly to its research development in China, chickpea study has formed a large network structure, including more than 140 research disciplines. In recent years, molecular markers and genetic diversity have attracted special attention, research papers are forming an extensive network of cooperation among different countries, patent numbers are growing fast, but cooperation among countries is not closely.

  Oil Traits and Physical Traits of Cotton Seed of Chinese and Foreign Sea Island Cotton at Different Flowering Stages Li Xinyi,Fan Junhua,Liu Ming,Hu Chaoyue,Wang Youwu and Ma Zhen 2015, 31 (18):  111-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030032 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 1395KB )   ( 405 ) In order to select sea island cotton varieties of high oil content and the most optimal flowering stage, the change characteristics of physical traits and oil traits as well as the relationship between them were analyzed by taking cotton seed of 20 sea island cotton varieties of Xinjiang of China, Egypt, America and Central Asia at 8 flowering stages as test materials by using biological statistics and Soxhlet extraction method. Seed oil index and kernel oil index of sea island cotton had significant genetic variability, and their variable coefficients were 12.86%. Cotton seed oil traits of XH-36, XH-41, DJC-3, DJC-4, DJC-5 and A-Za were significantly higher than that of other varieties, and the optimal oil traits of these six varieties was on July 5th, followed by June 30th and July 20th. Therefore, six high quality varieties of sea island cotton were screened out initially through the test. Moreover, the correlation analysis showed that there was interaction between physical traits and oil traits of cotton seed, which could affect cotton seed quality jointly, and cotton seed oil traits were regulated by its physical traits.

  Review of Chalcone Synthase Gene(CHS) andits Molecular Evolution 2015, 31 (18):  116-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010124 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 467 ) The Chalcone Synthase Gene is the crucial role of plant Phenylalanine Metabolism, Which affect the synthesis of plant metabolites, The chalcone synthase gene was the crucial role of plant phenylalanine Metabolism, Which affected the synthesis of plant metabolites, resistance regulation, flower coloration and a series of physiological and biochemical processes directly or indirectly. This paper concluded research progress of chalcone synthase gene cloning, genetic diversity and molecular evolution, in order to more explore and exploit chalcone synthase gene. The study obtained the main method of chalcone synthase gene cloning and pointed out chalcone synthase gene evolution future research directions ,also for providing technical assistance and information retrieval research methods to study the relevant aspects of the features genetic resources development.

  Research Progress of Laser Microdissection Technique for Plant Chen Binli,Wang Yingqi and Zheng Caixia 2015, 31 (18):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030215 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 533 ) Genesis, differentiation and physiological responses are the results of complex multi-factor regulation in plant tissue. To understand its mechanism at the molecular level, we need to analyze the metabolite and gene expression of related cells with a prerequisite of obtaining these cells precisely. Laser microdissection (LMD) ensures that pure targeted cell subgroups or even a single cell can be rapidly and accurately captured under a microscope, which solves the problem of cell heterogeneity in tissue successfully. This review summarized the general operation process of LMD technology, compared the merits and demerits of various working approaches. Furthermore, this article generalized the application effects of LMD in researches of plant molecular biology, proteomics, metabolomics, pointed out certain existing issues and the future application prospect.

  Research Progress on Tomato Fruit Ripening Regulator MADS-RIN Li Ka,Li Shan,Luo Yunbo,Tian Huiqin and Zhu Benzhong 2015, 31 (18):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030134 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 1411KB )   ( 517 ) Fruit ripening process involves a series of physiological and biochemical changes, such as pigment accumulation, formation of aroma and flavor compounds in fruit softening, and so on. This process at the molecular level is regulated by a complex network formed of multiple genes, and achieved by the regulation of many transcription factors alone or together. In order to articulate the development of LeMADS-RIN, first of all, the author made a brief introduction of LeMADS-RIN in this review, then demonstrated that LeMADS-RIN was one of the key regulators in tomato fruits during ripening. Furthermore, the author summarized and analyzed that many physiological and biochemical processes and metabolic pathways were affected by LeMADS-RIN during fruit ripening , such as ethylene biosynthesis, pigment formation, carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, cell wall metabolism and so on. After that, the author conducted a systematic and reflective summary about related studies of LeMADS-RIN’s regulation pattern, showing that with the development of research on RIN regulator and regulation mode, the network that relied on RIN regulation to affect fruit ripening had been further improved. Finally, the author discussed the significance and related research progress of the key regulatory factor LeMADS-RIN on fruit ripening regulation based on almost 60 papers, and forecasted the prospect of regulation network of MADS-RIN.

  Interaction Effect of Four Strains of Bacillus sp. for Soluble Phosphorus and Potassium 2015, 31 (18):  132-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030007 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 1517KB )   ( 410 ) The purpose of this experiment is to study phosphorus and potassium interaction effect of four Bacillus strains A, B, C and D, find out the best combination of strains, and provide technical support for the development of compound fertilizer. Molybdenum antimony colorimetric method and flame spectrophotometer method were employed to determine the soluble phosphorus, potassium ability, solution pH value and total content of organic acid changes in culture and the relationship between each other of individual and mix-cultured strains of 4 Bacillus strains. The results showed that in the culture fermentation supernatant of inorganic phosphorus, soluble phosphorus content of mixed strains was significantly higher than that of single strain, soluble phosphorus content had a significant negative correlation with the pH, and an obviously positive correlation with the total content of organic acid. In organic phosphorus fermentation supernatant, the processing difference of soluble phosphorus content was not significant (P>0.05), there was no significant correlation between soluble phosphorus content and pH and total organic acid. In the potassium ore fermentation culture supernatant, each treatment group had certain ability of dissolving potassium, and the contents of soluble potassium had certain correlations with its pH and total organic acid, while total organic acid amount had a certain correlation with and the pH. But the difference of soluble potassium content was not significant (P>0.05). Mix-cultured strains, especially three and four strains combination treatments could significantly improve the soluble phosphorus content, but did not fully show the bonus effect. Considering the characteristics of each treatment, the 13th group had strong synergistic effect, and could become the best combination of strains.

  High Density Self-induction of CBM2 Ma Shanshan,Han Laichuang,Liu Yajuan,Liu Meng and Liu Liangwei 2015, 31 (18):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020102 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 1497KB )   ( 612 ) To improve foreign protein production in E. coli, effects of lactose and IPTG were compared on production of carbohydrate-binding module (CBM2) by employing pET20b as expression vector and BL21(DE3) E.coli as host cell. OD600 value of cells incubated in ZYM-5052 media with lactose was 4.4-fold of those incubated in LB media with IPTG. After SDS-PAGE analysis, 200 μL cells incubated with ZYM-5052-lactose produced 82.3 μg CBM2, consisting 55.3% of the total protein. 200 μL cells incubated with LB-IPTG produced 16.6 μg CBM2, consisting 25.7% of the total protein. SDS-PAGE of cells with equivalent OD600 value showed that CBM2 increased along with time in each cell incubated in ZYM-5052-lactose. Thereby, high-density self-induction method increased both cell density and protein production in each ccell. High-density self-induction method was also used to express glucanase, and the results showed that OD600 value and glucanase activity of cells incubated with ZYM-5052-lactose were 2.3-fold and 4.5-fold of those incubated with LB-IPTG. The study provided a relative simple and more general high-density self-induction method to increase foreign protein production.

  Response of Corn Growth Rate and Yield in Western Liaoning to the Change of Solar-thermal Conditions Yin Hongtao and Zhang Guolin 2015, 31 (18):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010135 Abstract + ( 546 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 493 ) In order to ensure the food production security and reasonable arrangement of the agricultural production, this essay explored the agricultural meteorological problems in corn production in Western Liaoning, and through the experiments of sowing corns by stages, as well as with the analysis methods of mathematical statistics and climate diagnosis, this essay analyzed the effects of the climate changing on corn emergence rate, vegetative growth, reproductive growth speed and yield. The results indicated that the effect of the climate changing on the growth and yield of corn was significant. Under the condition of enough moisture, the climate warms up and the temperature accumulates, and the corns grow faster from the stage of sowing to emerging, and the growth would slow down from the stage of emerging to tasseling, and from tasseling to mature. To increase the sunshine time can prolong the corns' growth period. For every 100℃·d increase (decrease) of the ≥10℃accumulated temperature, the yield per hectare increases (decreases) about 455 kg. In the environment of climate warming, to prolong the growth period can enhance the yield, so the late-maturing corn varieties should be considered to increase the proportion of the thermophilic crops. The best sowing time is from April 20 to 30 in the Western Liaoning. The research result can provide basis for the adjustment of the agricultural structure, as well as increasing in the corn yield. Key words: corns; sowing by stages; climate changing; growth speed; yield; Western Liaoning

  Estimation and Evaluation of Non-point Source Pollution Load in Rural Living of Sichuan Province Gui Pingjing,Wang Feng,Li Shanpu,Wang Xiaoyang,Zou Likou,Shen Qiong,Fan Yuliang and Fan Liangqian 2015, 31 (18):  152-162.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010234 Abstract + ( 2059 )   PDF ( 2377KB )   ( 358 ) In order to know the current pollution status of rural living non-point source pollution in Sichuan Province, and provide the basis for the rural living non-point source pollution control, the author built estimate model of pollution load (household garbage, domestic sewage and human wastes) from 3 stages (generation, discharge and export) depended on the export coefficient model. Then the author estimated the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and chemical oxygen demanded (COD) loads of rural living non-point source pollution in 21 cities of Sichuan Province with the established estimation model, and the total amount of loads and the proportion pollution were analyzed. At last, the author combined with the third grade of surface water standard of China (GB 3838—2002), calculated the into river contribution rates of TN, TP and COD, respectively. The results showed that the generation loads of TN, TP, and COD were 421070 t, 91122 t and 2023186 t, discharge loads were 120675 t, 26298 t and 419969 t and export loads were 44499 t, 5780 t and 142049 t, respectively. In Sichuan Province, Nanchong, Dazhou and Chengdu had the maximal generation and discharge loads, while Yibin, Nanchong and Dazhou had the maximal export load. In export progress, the contribution rates of TN, TP and COD into rivers were minor in Sichuan Province. However, the contribution rate of TN in Suining and Neijiang exceeded the third grade for 100%. The results showed that rural living non-point source pollution in some areas of Sichuan Province was very serious with the development of economy, and the control should be enhanced in the future. The method used in this study could offer reference to other areas for estimating the rural living non-point source pollutant load.

  Soil ecological stoichiometry properties in different re-vegetation stages on sloping-land with purple soils 2015, 31 (18):  163-167.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010039 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 432 ) The Soil ecological stoichiometry properties in different re-vegetation stages(including preliminary stage(Ⅰ), middle preliminary stage(Ⅱ), middle anaphase(Ⅲ) and anaphase(Ⅳ)) and soil layers(including soil layers of 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm, 20～40 cm, 40～60 cm, 60～80 cm, 80～100 cm and 0～100 cm ) in Hengyang City of Hunan Province, South-central China were studied by using the method of the space for time. The results showed that: (1)In the process of re-vegetation, SOC(Soil organic carbon) in each soil layer of every re-vegetation stage first increased then decreased and presenting a regulation “anti-U”, TN(Total nitrogen) and TP(Total phosphorus) were significantly decreased with the increase of soil depth and showing a clear table cohesion, the content of SOC showed the regulation of wave and showing significantly differences(P＜0.05), TN and TP were followed the order as anaphase(Ⅳ)＞middle anaphase(Ⅲ)＞middle preliminary stage(Ⅱ)＞preliminary stage(Ⅰ)(P＜0.05); (2)In the process of re-vegetation, the SOC, TN and TP content of 0～100 cm soil layer were significantly increased(P＜0.05), but the C/N, C/P and N/P were significantly decreased(P＜0.05); (3)Correlation analysis showed that there was extremely significantly positive correlation between C/N and SOC, SER(Soil electricity rate)(P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negative correlation with TN, TP, SWC(Soil water content), SBD(Soil bulk density); C/P was extremely significantly positive correlation with SOC(P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negative correlation with SWC and SBD; N/P was extremely significantly positive correlation with SOC, TN, TP, pH value(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01), and extremely significantly negative correlation with SBD and SER(P＜0.01). All the results indicated the demands of N and P content in soil by plants were consistent in the process of re-vegetation.

  Dynamic Changes of Soil Nutrients of Salt-tolerant Herbaceous Plants in Coastal Saline Soil Pan Jie,Wang Liyan,Xiao Hui,Cheng Wenjuan and Yang Yong 2015, 31 (18):  168-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010210 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 1351KB )   ( 400 ) In order to investigate the bio-reclamation effect of different salt-tolerant herbaceous plants on coastal saline soil, and promote the development of physical and chemical properties of saline alkali soil into a virtuous circle direction, coastal saline soil hosted four salt-tolerant herbaceous plants (Sesbania cannabina, Medicago sativa, Sorghum sudanense, Suaeda salsa) in the Dagang farm of Tianjin City was researched with the saline alkali wasteland as the control. The field experiment was conducted for 2 years (2012-2013) and soil organic matter, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil available potassium were analyzed. The results showed that the four salt-tolerant herbaceous plants had different effects on soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphor and available potassium. The content of soil organic matter showed a stable overall change, soil available nitrogen content presented a decreasing trend, soil available phosphorus overall showed a downward trend, while the soil available potassium content showed a gradual upward trend which was different from the former three. Trends of soil N/P, N/K and P/K had significant differences with the extension of the growing period of salt-tolerant plant. Suaeda salsa had the most effective function of improving the soil organic matter, Alfalfa had the most effective function of increasing the content of available N, available P and available K.

  Influence of Soil Particle Size on the Estimate of Soil Organic Matter by Hyperspectral Spectroscopy Si Haiqing,Yao Yanmin,Wang Deying and Liu Ying 2015, 31 (18):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030022 Abstract + ( 2312 )   PDF ( 1589KB )   ( 499 ) In order to study the influence of soil particle size on the estimate of soil organic matter (SOM) content by hyperspectral spectroscopy and obtain the appropriate soil particle size and reduce the workload, soil samples were sieved by 10, 20, 60 and 100 meshes, then the author scanned soil samples with hyperspectral data. The soil hyperspectral data were mathematically transformed into spectral reflectance (R), first derivatives of reflectance (R’) and the logarithm of the inverse of the reflectance [Log (1/R)]. Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and PLSR-SVM were used to build SOM content estimate model. The results showed that soil particle size had an obvious effect on the soil spectral reflectance, soil spectral reflectance increased with the decrease of soil particle size. The precision of SOM estimate model built by PLSR-SVM was better than the model built by PLSR and SVM. When the soil particle size was less than 0.25 mm, it was not helpful to improving the precision of this model. The results could provide guidance for soil samples’ pretreatment when using hyperspectral spectroscopy to predict SOM content.

  Analysis of Cloud Physical Characteristics and Precipitation Mechanisms in Stratiform Cloud Development Stage Sun Hongping,Li Peiren,Yan Shiming,Jin Lijun,Shen Dongdong,Feng Qiujuan and Li Yiyu 2015, 31 (18):  179-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110044 Abstract + ( 1072 )   PDF ( 3270KB )   ( 425 ) The study aims to take full advantage of weather radar, cloud particle measuring systems (DMT) and advanced detection equipment, such as satellite, establish recognized technology in time, and decide when and where to conduct artificial rainfall. By using the April 20, 2010 DMT cloud particle measuring system detection data of stratiform cloud stage of Shanxi Province, the author analyzed the cloud microphysical characteristics and precipitation mechanisms. The results showed that the detected cloud had a multilayer structure, there were 3 layers in vertical direction, 2 dry layers were sandwiched between clouds, cloud thickness was about 4500 m and more profound, the high-rise was Cs, the low layer was the cold resistance of As and Ns, precipitation mechanism was in accord with the natural "sowing-water supply". In 5400-5600 m layer, the temperature was -9- -11.2℃, as the rapid cloud particle growth layer, the sublimation of ice growth and aggregation growth were the important physical processes. Around 3600 meters, large supercooled water for precipitation particle growth provided a good condition, 2800-3200 m layer (near 0℃ layer) was melting and coalescence growth layer. From high to low layer, cloud particle spectra had good regularity. The aircraft observations of cloud result showed that stratocumulus particle spectra were mainly unimodal before the rainfall, bimodal at the initial formation of the rainfall. Large droplets and some small ice particle spectra showed a multimodal distribution, and the emergence of the discontinuous phenomenon was obvious when it was less than 800 μm. Based on integrated analysis of the cloud data, the particle concentration that CDP detected is stable in the larger spatial, there are few ups and downs, while the corresponding particle concentration that CIP detected is less than 10 /L, such a cloud is more favorable for artificial precipitation.

  Research on Agricultural Climate Adaptability of Maize Growth in Hetao Irrigation Area Li Sihui,Zhao Huiying,Zhao Chunliang and Zhao Fang 2015, 31 (18):  194-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010054 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 1462KB )   ( 528 ) Based on the method of statistical analysis, the author established the correlation of growth period length, meteorological factors and maize yield by using the observation data of daily mean temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine duration and maize yield in the growth and development stages from 1984 to 2011 of 4 observation stations, including Linhe in Hetao irrigated area, Urad Front Banner, Jungar Banner and Tumed Left Banner. The results showed that there was a strong relationship between maize high yield and the local appropriate weather conditions. Moreover, comprehensive assessment of agricultural climate adaptability of maize growth in Hetao irrigated area was conducted by the method of multiple integral regression, the effects of temperature and sunshine duration on yield were confirmed. The results showed that late April to early May and middle of July to early September were 2 key stages of heat demand. The light condition could satisfy the needs of growth, while temperature was slightly high and played a dominant role. Sunshine condition had a positive effect on maize yield from middle of May to late June and in whole September. When the amount of sunshine duration increased 1 hour, the yield of maize increased 2.6 kg/(hm2·h) and 4.1 kg/(hm2·h).

  Extraction Technology of Wheat Starch Wu Dawei,Zhang Chunzhi and Hu Yaguang 2015, 31 (18):  200-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030231 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 1493KB )   ( 547 ) In order to change the problem of high production cost of starch that made from potato and so on, the starch was extracted from wheat flour. On the basis of single factor experiment the experimental design of Box-Behnken and response surface analysis were used. Amount of water for wheat flour mixed, washing water concentration, standing time and washing water consumption 4 factors were selected. Extraction rate of starch as response value, the extraction technology of wheat starch was optimized. The results showed that: P of the model <0.01. That was the reached model to the extremely significant level. The model was better fitted with the actual. The order of various factors affecting starch extraction rate was the following: washing water concentration > amount of water for wheat flour mixed > standing time> washing water consumption. The optimal parameters were amount of water for wheat flour mixed 35.2 g/50 g flour, washing water concentration 2.57%, standing time 38.2min, and washing water consumption 164.6 g/50 g flour. Extraction rate of starch was 66.82% in the conditions.

  Optimization of Cellulose-assisted Extraction of Phenolic from Proso Millet Bran Niu wei,Lu Rong,Zhang Lizhen,Qiao Zhijun,Wu Kai and Kang Junbiao 2015, 31 (18):  207-213.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110039 Abstract + ( 657 )   PDF ( 1904KB )   ( 407 ) In order to optimize the key parameter for phenolic acid enzyme extraction of phenolic from proso millet bran, the author took ‘Chimi 2-Ⅱ’ as the test material, and used cellulase to hydrolyze the cell wall and alcohol to prepare phenolic acid from the bran. Then, the author made total phenols as the index, based on single factor experiment, selected significant factors, including enzyme dosage, solid-liquid ratio and ethanol solution pH value, by Plackett-Burman screening test and Central Composite Design response surface design. The optimum extraction condition was: ethanol solution pH 4.15, solid-liquid ratio 1:42.5 (g:mL) and enzyme dosage 1.00%. Under the optimum condition, the best extract amount of total phenolic acid was 194.064 mg gallate/100 g sample, which was close to the predicated value, indicating that the predictability of the quadratic regression model was good.

  Determination of Residual Solvents in Solvent Based Printing Ink for Cigarette Trade Mark by Head Space-Gas Chromatography Cao Hongyun,Jiang Ciqing,Yang Shuai,Wang Lan and Sun Guifen 2015, 31 (18):  214-219.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010098 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 1409KB )   ( 601 ) In order to determine the residual solvents (or called volatile organic compounds, VOCs) in solvent based printing ink for cigarette trade mark (including cigarette packaging materials carton packets, packaging and tipping paper and etc.), a new head space-gas chromatographic method was established. The printing ink test sample of a given area and thickness was made, then hanged in a laboratory with given temperature (25±1)℃ and relative humidity (65±5)% for 2 h. The sample was packed into a head-space bottle which was capped tightly and heated 45 min at 80℃. After gas-solid equilibrium, the volatile gas part was injected into head space-gas chromatography and determined. The calculating result was represented in mg/m2. This method is rapid, simple, and with high sensitivity and well repeatability (RSD<2%). It can be applied to determine the residual solvents in solvent based printing ink for cigarette trade mark with good results.

  Review of the Evolution Mechanism of Grain Crop Planting Structure in China Hu Yunfei and You Fei 2015, 31 (18):  220-225.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120087 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 1239KB )   ( 684 ) In order to reasonably put forward basis for optimal adjustment scheme of crop farming, structure of grain crops planted in China during 2003 and 2013 were reviewed. It could be found that methods had made a breakthrough in spatial scope and time span in relevant researches. The major concern of the researches changed from emphasizing the influence of natural factors, to paying attention to the social and economic factors, then to focusing on the coordination of the two kinds of factors above. However, most of the researches paid close attention to local area but not regional integrity; concerned more about the status quo, despised the trend prediction. With the global warming and development transformation in China, the influence factors of planting structure have become more integrated and complicated. To understand the evolution of the driving factors of regional planting structure, integrity and relationship among various influence factors should be summarized.

  Analysis of the Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Grain Output in Henan Province Li Qingsong,Deng Sujun,Xu Guojin,Wen Qian and Zhu Jiawei 2015, 31 (18):  226-230.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120033 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 1535KB )   ( 585 ) In order to explore the characteristics and influencing factors of grain output in Henan Province, wavelet analysis was used to analyze the characteristics and influencing factors of the grain output from 1978 to 2012 in Henan Province. The results showed that grain output in Henan Province had 5 years, 10 years and 20 years characteristic time scales, and 10 years and 20 years were the main ones. Time scale of grain output tended to be longer, and changes of grain output tended to be stable. Grain output in Henan Province was in relative harvest period at present, but it would be in a new grain reduction period subsequently. The selected influencing factors of grain output were all positive, and their increases would promote grain output, but influencing levels of different factors on grain output were different. Sequence of the influencing degree was grain sown area>effective irrigation area>number of rural agricultural workers>consumption of chemical fertilizer in farmland>total power of agricultural machinery>electricity consumed in rural area.

  Study on Potential Grain Productivity in Henan Province Based on Experimental Data Zhu Shuaimeng,Zhang Yiying,Chen Weiqiang,Cheng Daoquan,Yan Junying and Zhao Yanfeng 2015, 31 (18):  231-234.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120067 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 1413KB )   ( 451 ) In order to answer the question of potential grain productivity in Henan Province, this paper estimated potential grain productivity under the experimental conditions using data of soil test and fertilizer demonstration test and evaluation results of cultivated land fertility in Henan Province. The results showed that the average values of the highest yields of wheat, corn, rice under the experimental conditions of using data of soil test and fertilizer demonstration test were 4726.2, 5817.6 ,5409.15 kg/hm2, respectively. The potential grain productivity that Henan could achieve was 74.8727 million tons, increasing by 35% from the present level.

  Influence of China’s Informal Finance on Rural Economic Growth: Based on VAR Model Wang Ying,Lin Fei and Liu Jiangmeng 2015, 31 (18):  235-239.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030119 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 448 ) With the relationship between informal finance and rural economic growth in China as a starting point, this paper made an empirical research on the relevance between informal financial development scale and rural economic development with Chinese data from 2004 to 2013 based on vector auto-regression model (VAR).The results of Grange Causality Test showed that informal finance and rural economic growth were Grange causes for each other. The informal finance played a promoting role on rural economic growth, but also had problems of inadequate space for development, lack of standard, inadequate policy support, etc. On the basis of this, the author put forward proposals like improving the legal and institutional guarantee of informal finance, strengthening the internal control of informal finance, increasing the policy support to informal finance and the absorption of foreign informal finance development experience.

  Research of Impact Factors on Migrant Workers: Based on Empirical Analysis of the Survey Data in Gansu Province 尚明瑞,王建兵 and 杜晓帆 2015, 31 (18):  240-246.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030143 Abstract + ( 629 )   PDF ( 1400KB )   ( 521 ) In order to analyze the related factors of the entrepreneurial intention of migrant workers, 289 questionnaires in Gansu Province were investigated, and empirical analysis was conducted with the Binary Logistic Model. The results showed that among the influence factors, the younger, married, the higher the level of education, entrepreneurial experience, get more family support and a wide range of interpersonal relationship of migrant workers are more likely to start the business,but the higher the workers monthly income and per capita net income of family, the higher risk preferences of the migrant workers do not tend to start a business. At the same time, the survey found that the biggest obstacle of migrant workers’ entrepreneurship was lack of venture capital, no skills, low educational level, and the psychological barrier of migrant workers’ entrepreneurship was the fear of failure. So the government should increase the start-up capital support and policy advocacy, strengthen vocational training and entrepreneurship training to ensure that migrant workers can get multi-channel business information, and guide migrant workers to have efficient business.

  Research on the Premium Rate Making of Food Crop Insurance in Beijing Han Ting and Mu Yueying 2015, 31 (18):  247-255.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020008 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 1524KB )   ( 538 ) To make proper risk management of food crops in Beijing, and account their reasonable premium rates, the paper analyzed the development of food crop insurance in Beijing firstly, then insurance rates of 5 kinds of crops were accounted through the yield distribution model based on past data. The results showed that the distribution of different yield had certain influence on rate making of agricultural insurance. Most agricultural insurance rates of food crops in Beijing were too high. There were differences of food crop insurance rates among different kinds of crops. Content of crop insurance in Beijing was simple and the kinds of insurance subsidies were not much.

  Research Progress of Plant Metabolites Function on Resistant Response Qin Hanyi,Li Wei and Dai Liangying 2015, 31 (18):  256-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020089 Abstract + ( 1469 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 560 ) Plants have established a complicated immunity system during co-evolution with pathogens, and their metabolism plays important role in the immunity system. In various metabolic processes, it produced many metabolites which could improve plant disease resistance, and these metabolites formed important material basis for plant immunity system. To understand the functions and mechanism of the metabolites in plant disease resistance, according to recent studies, we reviewed biochemistry characteristics of plant metabolites including salicylic acid, lectins, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins and secondary metabolites momilactones, lignin and callose. Moreover, the function of these metabolites in plant disease resistance and their action mechanism in resistance signal transduction were also illustrated.

  Research Progress on Pathogenic Mechanism of Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin Wu Wenxian,Liu Yong,Zhang Lei and Huang Xiaoqin 2015, 31 (18):  260-265.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120175 Abstract + ( 1136 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 636 ) Clubroot disease, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, has become a major problem in cruciferous crops worldwide. Due to high infection, quick and diverse transmission and limited understanding of life cycle and pathogenic mechanism of P. brassicae, the clubroot disease is increasingly severe. In this article, realted research progress was reviewed on pathogenic mechanism of P. brassicae, including relationships of fungal pathogenicity and second metabolise secondary metabolites of auxin, cytokinin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, abscisic acid, and oxidizing enzyme, glucosinolates, flavonoid and polyamines and so on. Their main phisio-chemical reaction and metabolizing variation were analyzed. It will be benefit to future research and providing reference to further control of clubroot disease.

  Resistance Identification and Influence Factor of Rice False Smut Fu Rongtao,Wang Jian,Lu Daihua,Zhang Hong,Gong Xueshu,Chen Xuejuan,Ren Hongzhi and Mao Jianhui 2015, 31 (18):  266-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020105 Abstract + ( 1348 )   PDF ( 1965KB )   ( 660 ) Rice false smut is a kind of panicle disease, nowadays it has risen from a secondary disease to one of the main diseases of rice. To increase accuracy of resistance identification for rice false smut, this experiment conducted a comprehensive study, including inoculation methods, inocula, planting time, infection condition and environmental condition in the field and greenhouse. This study compared three inoculation methods and found that the best effect was the combination of injection and spraying method. Among four inocula, the mixture of hypha fragment and thin-wall conidia caused the most severe disease, whereas mycelium fragments and chlamydospores kept in room last year could not cause false smut. The treatments of sun-shade and moisturizing spray had a better disease effect after inoculated with pathogen in field or greenhouse conditions. The temperature of 25-30℃ and relative humidity above 85% were more favorable to infection and symptom appearance of the disease. In addition, the results showed that more stable identification effect could be obtained in the greenhouse than in field condition. In order to get a more effective and reliable assessment result, it suggested that the identification of disease resistance of rice should combine the artificial-natural resistance identification in field and artificial inoculation in greenhouse.

  First Report of Orange Rust of Sugarcane Caused by Puccinia kuehnii in Yunnan Sugarcane Field Wang Xiaoyan,Li Wenfeng,Huang Yingkun,Zhang Rongyue,Shan Hongli,Luo Zhiming and Yin Jiong 2015, 31 (18):  273-277.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030121 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 3364KB )   ( 1096 ) In order to identify the pathogens of sugarcane rust disease, which observed on sugarcane new cultivars in Yunnan demonstration site of the national sugarcane system in 2014. By using field symptom observation, urediniospore morphology and molecular identification method to determine the sugarcane rust pathogens of 20 rust samples. Identification results showed that 4 rust samples of new sugarcane variety Haiyin1 collected from Menghai, Yunnan were confirmed to be sugarcane orange rust disease, the pathogen were identified to be Puccinia kuehnii Butler., their sequence shared more than 99.9% sequence identity with other reported isolates of P. kuehnii (GenBank Accession No.GU058021 and GQ283004-GQ283009), and were clustered into one group in phylogenetic tree. Sixteen rust samples of new sugarcane varieties/clones collected from Baoshan, Lincang and Menghai in Yunnan were confirmed to be sugarcane brown rust disease, their pathogens were identified to be Puccinia melanocephala Syd. et P. Syd., they had sequence similarities of over 99.8% with other reported isolates of P. melanocephala (GenBank Accession No.EU164548, GU058001 and JX036025), and in the same branch in phylogenetic tree. This is the first report of sugarcane orange rust disease caused by P.kuehnii in Yunnan sugarcane field.

  Identification of the Strawberry Root Rot Pathogen in Changping District Beijing Zhang Yang,Liu Zhengping,Wei Yanmin,Shang Qiaoxia,Li Yongqiang and Zhao Xiaoyan 2015, 31 (18):  278-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010243 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 1814KB )   ( 560 ) Exploring the pathogen species of strawberry root rot is useful for correct and effective disease control. 41 fungal strains were separated and purified from strawberry root rot samples collected from Changping area in Beijing by single spore separation method and tissue isolation method. All strains could cause strawberry root rot by pathogen-carrying soil planting method. Root and root collar of suffered strawberry seedlings displayed dysplasia, atrophy, black, rotten or broken and the plants were poor with yellow leaves or even died. According to the morphology and molecular identification, 39 strains were identified to 15 species of 10 genuses, 1 strain was identified to genus and 1 strain was identified to family. Among the 41 strains, Rhizoctonia solani, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium oxysporum were in a higher proportion, accounted for 29.25%, 12.20%, 12.20% and 9.75% of the total strains. Bionectria ochroleuca, Ceratobasidium sp., Pestalotiopsis clavispora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides showed high virulences followed by Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, with incidence rate of more than 50%. Ceratobasidium sp., Plectosphaerella cucumerina, Stachybotrys chartarum, Neonectria radicicola were first reported as strawberry root rot pathogens. The results can guide the disease control of strawberry root rot of strawberry producing areas in Changping, and provide reference for the research and development of rapid detection method of root rot of strawberry.

  Control Effect of 5 Chemicals Against Apple Tree Canker in Laboratory Guo Xiaofeng,Xu Bingliang,Han Jian,Xu Changzhi,Wang Weixiong and Zhang Shuwu 2015, 31 (18):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020078 Abstract + ( 860 )   PDF ( 1976KB )   ( 496 ) The paper aims to explore and screen higher efficient chemicals for inhibiting mycelium growth, conidia germination and protecting inoculation on excised twigs in vitro to Valsa mali, and to obtain environmentally friendly pesticides with good control effect, so as to provide theoretical basis for further prevention of apple tree canker in production. The inhibitory effect of mycelium growth, conidia germination and protective effect on excised twigs of five different chemicals were determined by the method of mycelium growth, conidia germination and scald inoculation on shoots in vitro. The results showed that difenoconazole had the highest activity for inhibiting mycelium growth and its EC50 was 0.0163 μg/mL, followed by Propiconazole and tebuconazole with EC50 value of 0.0224 and 0.0994 μg/mL. Alginate had the lowest activity for inhibiting mycelium growth and its EC50 was 81.630 μg/mL. Difenoconazole had the highest activity for inhibiting conidia germination among all the tested chemicals, and its EC50 was 0.0061 μg/mL. Propiconazole and tebuconazole took the second and the third place with EC50 value of 0.0064 and 0.0390 μg/mL. Alginate had the lowest effect on inhibiting conidia germination and its EC50 was 15.3820 μg/mL. The protective measures for protecting inoculation on excised twigs showed that alginate had the highest protection effect on shoot growth with the smallest scar expansion area of all, which was only 7.2% of that of CK; followed by Junduqing and tebuconazole, whose scar expansion area was 32.3% and 45.9% of that of CK, respectively. Propiconazole had the lowest protection effect on the shoot growth, its scar expansion area reached 59.8% of that of CK, and was the biggest of all chemicals tested. Difenoconazole was screened as the best chemical for inhibiting mycelium growth and conidia germination of Valsa mali. Alginate was screened as the best chemical for protecting shoot growth after inoculated with the pathogen of Valsa mali.