Abstract: To explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and yield of barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) with different long-term fertilizer treatments in the double cropping rice system, based on field experiment, the author took‘Tong 0306’and‘Mengpimai 1’ as the test materials and analyzed dry matter accumulation and grain yield of barley under three fertilization treatments, including 30% organic matter plus 70% mineral fertilizer (LOM), 60% organic matter plus 40% mineral fertilizer (HOM), and no fertilizer (CK). The results showed that the root, stem and shoot dry weight per plant were in an order of HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in root and stem dry weight per plant among HOM, LOM and CK from tillering stage to mature stage. The leaf and panicle dry weight per plant were in an order of HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Furthermore, the leaf and panicle dry weight of barley with HOM and LOM were significantly higher than that with CK at the main growth stages of barley. For the dry matter weight ratio of root and shoot to total plant, there were significant differences among the three fertilizer managements at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of root and panicle to total plant from tillering stage to mature stage was in an order of CK＞LOM＞HOM, and LOM＞HOM＞CK. The dry matter weight ratio of stem to total plant with HOM was higher than that of the other treatments at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant was in an order of CK＞HOM＞LOM at mature stage. In addition, the leaf SPAD of barley of HOM and LOM was significantly higher than that of CK at the main growth stages of barley. And there were significant differences among HOM, LOM and CK at mature stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area for different fertilizer managements was HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Yield of barley with different fertilizer managements was significantly different, and that of HOM was the highest, while that of CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the yield of LOM and HOM increased by 717.45- 721.15 and 756.45- 782.05 kg/hm², indicating that the dry matter accumulation and yield of barley with different fertilizer managements had their own characteristics. As a result, the experiment indicated that organic matter plus mineral fertilizer had significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and its reasonable distribution, improved yield components, and increased yield of barley.