Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.27 Published:23 September 2015

  Effect of soil fertility on yield of rice and establishment of Fertilization Index System 田生昌 and 2015, 31 (27):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030072 Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 492KB )   ( 854 ) In order to establish the index system for fertilization in Pingluo County of Ningxia to guide the local rice, rice quality and efficient production. Two treatments without fertilizer area and the conventional fertilization, multi point no repeat settings, to deepen the study on the influence of soil fertility on yield of rice. The results showed that: Soil Fertility on Rice Yield and rice yield contribution rate of soil foundation is proportional to the regression equation, X/Y=0.1366 0.00007322X, R2=0.8509. So the conclusion is: the rice yield goal can be established for the 11800 kg hm -2, at the same time, nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer index values: pure N 371.2 kg hm-2 , pure P2O5 for 154.0 kg hm -2.

  Comparison of Yield Traits Between Conventional Rice and Hybrid Rice 李经勇,郑家奎,姚雄,甘兴友 and 唐永群 2015, 31 (27):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010144 Abstract + ( 4291 )   PDF ( 464KB )   ( 865 ) Yield improvement has been the primary goal of rice breeding, the yield potential of more and more hybrid rice varieties is not significantly higher than that of the early cultivated rice varieties, but the yield of conventional varieties has been improved constantly as new germplasm resources have been developed and applied, and the yield of some conventional rice varieties is higher than that of hybrid rice. For specification of yield difference between conventional rice and hybrid rice, and reposition conventional rice varieties, this study compared conventional rice and hybrid rice with the same genetic background, and analyzed the yield and its related traits of 12 combinations. The results showed that among the 12 comparison test groups between the conventional rice and hybrid rice, the hybrid rice varieties with significantly higher yield than the conventional ones accounted for 41.7% , conventional rice varieties with higher yield than the hybrid ones accounted for 16.6%, and the yield difference being not obvious between the two accounted for 41.7% of the total. Part of the conventional varieties had the same yield or even higher yield compared with the same type hybrid rice. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the conventional genetic breeding and its popularization and application.

  Effect of Biochemical Reagents on Mechanical-transplanting Rice 2015, 31 (27):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030064 Abstract + ( 1060 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 420 ) In order to offer practical references for resistant and high yield cultivation of mechanicaltransplanting rice, we used‘Nanjing 9108’as the experimental material and set different treatments by spraying 1.5 L/hm2 Jingfeng, 60 g/hm2 Bihu, 675 g/hm2 Aizhuangfeng, 750 g/hm2 potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 15 g/hm2 gibberellic acid to study the effects of these biochemical reagents on the rice lodging resistance, plant types and growth period of blanket seedling mechanical- transplanting and nutrition bowl mechanical-transplanting. The results showed that the heading period was delayed one day and prolonged one day by using Jingfeng and gibberellic acid respectively. Gibberellic acid could significantly increase plant height, internodes length below the ear and height of gravity center, which were easy to cause the lodging. Aizhuangfeng, Bihu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate did not affect the heading period, they improved the plant lodging resistance ability by means of increasing basal internode filling and reducing height of gravity center. All reagents had no effect on mechanical- transplanting rice’ s whole growth period, ear length and sword leaf sheath length. The mature date of nutrition bowl mechanical-transplanting rice was two days later than that of blanket seedling mechanical- transplanting rice, which was conducive to grain filling and cultivating strong stalk and large spike by making full use of temperature and light resources. Bowl mechanical- transplanting rice tended to achieve stable high yield, and some biochemical reagents such as Aizhuangfeng, Bihu and potassium dihydrogen phosphate could effectively alleviate adverse impact from the abnormal climate, so it should be applied more widely and quickly in practical production.

  Influence of Water Supply and Phosphorus Application in Different Depth on Yield and Nutrient Accumulation and Distribution of Winter Wheat 马政华,寇长林 and 康利允 2015, 31 (27):  15-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050179 Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 576KB )   ( 489 ) The experiment on effects of water supply and phosphorus application in different depth on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat was of theoretical and practical importance to phosphorus application and winter wheat growth in dryland farming. A cylindrical pot experiment was conducted with eum-ortllic anthrosols (cinnamon soils) to study the effects of water supply and phosphorus application in different depth on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat. There were three phosphorus levels [no phosphorus (CK) and P was placed either in the topsoil at 0-30 cm (SP) or in the subsoil at 30-60 cm (DP)], water treatments were introduced to provide ample water supply with both topsoil and subsoil wet and dry topsoil but ample water supply in the subsoil (W2). The results showed that there were large differences on yield and nutrient accumulation and distribution of winter wheat among different treatments. Compared with both topsoil and subsoil wet treatment, dry topsoil but ample water supply in the subsoil treatment increased yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution in wheat grains, but it had no significant difference in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of other organs; while the effect of phosphorus placement on yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of winter wheat organs was different for soil water. The yield of winter wheat was significantly lower in the deep phosphorus application than that in the surface phosphorus application when water was well-supplied (P＜0.05), decreased by 7.49%, however significantly descended when soil water supply was deficient (P＜0.05), increased by 11.2%. The nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake of leaves, stem and sheath was significantly lower in the deep phosphorus application than that in the surface phosphorus application when water was wellsupplied (P＜0.05), however nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution of wheat grains significantly increased when soil water supply was deficient (P＜0.05). The simulated study suggested that deep placement of fertilizer phosphorus could enhance nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake and distribution in wheat grains under dry conditions, with the yield increased.

  Impacts of Different Long-term Fertilizer Managements on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Barley in Double Cropping Rice Field 2015, 31 (27):  22-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030214 Abstract + ( 1489 )   PDF ( 711KB )   ( 377 ) To explore the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and yield of barley (Hordaum vulgare L.) with different long-term fertilizer treatments in the double cropping rice system, based on field experiment, the author took‘Tong 0306’and‘Mengpimai 1’ as the test materials and analyzed dry matter accumulation and grain yield of barley under three fertilization treatments, including 30% organic matter plus 70% mineral fertilizer (LOM), 60% organic matter plus 40% mineral fertilizer (HOM), and no fertilizer (CK). The results showed that the root, stem and shoot dry weight per plant were in an order of HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Meanwhile, there were significant differences in root and stem dry weight per plant among HOM, LOM and CK from tillering stage to mature stage. The leaf and panicle dry weight per plant were in an order of HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Furthermore, the leaf and panicle dry weight of barley with HOM and LOM were significantly higher than that with CK at the main growth stages of barley. For the dry matter weight ratio of root and shoot to total plant, there were significant differences among the three fertilizer managements at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of root and panicle to total plant from tillering stage to mature stage was in an order of CK＞LOM＞HOM, and LOM＞HOM＞CK. The dry matter weight ratio of stem to total plant with HOM was higher than that of the other treatments at the main growth stages of barley. The dry matter weight ratio of leaf to total plant was in an order of CK＞HOM＞LOM at mature stage. In addition, the leaf SPAD of barley of HOM and LOM was significantly higher than that of CK at the main growth stages of barley. And there were significant differences among HOM, LOM and CK at mature stage. Meanwhile, the leaf area for different fertilizer managements was HOM＞LOM＞CK at the main growth stages of barley. Yield of barley with different fertilizer managements was significantly different, and that of HOM was the highest, while that of CK was the lowest. Compared with CK, the yield of LOM and HOM increased by 717.45- 721.15 and 756.45- 782.05 kg/hm2, indicating that the dry matter accumulation and yield of barley with different fertilizer managements had their own characteristics. As a result, the experiment indicated that organic matter plus mineral fertilizer had significantly higher total dry matter accumulation and its reasonable distribution, improved yield components, and increased yield of barley.

  Impact Analysis of De-acclimation on Cold Resistance of Winter Wheat in Frigid Region 2015, 31 (27):  29-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020100 Abstract + ( 847 )   PDF ( 501KB )   ( 520 ) There are three external factors limiting the safe wintering of winter wheat, which are the degree of cold-acclimation, the temperature of wintering period and the temperature of returning green stage. In order to understand the impact of cold-acclimation on cold resistance of winter wheat, 2 varieties with different cold resistance were used as materials, de-acclimation and low-temperature treatment were conducted in the lowtemperature acclimation stage, the plants survival rate and antioxidant enzymes activities were examined. The results showed that the injury degree of plant with two days of 10℃ de-acclimation treatment was significantly lower than that of 20℃. The survival rate of cold resistance variety (DM1) dropped significantly only with two days of 10℃ de-acclimation on November 10, while the survival rate of cold sensitive variety was 50% with two days of 10℃ de-acclimation on October 26. After October 31, the survival rate of cold resistance variety was less than 50% with two days of 20℃ de- acclimation and then three days of - 12℃ . Under the same treatment, the survival rate of cold- sensitive variety was less than 50% during all the stages. The highest activity of SOD enzyme in cold resistance variety was obtained with two days of 20℃ de-acclimation and then one day of - 12℃ . The survival rate of winter wheat was decreased by cold de- acclimation during coldacclimation period.

  Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Treatments on Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution of Super-high Yield Summer Maize 2015, 31 (27):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060082 Abstract + ( 1458 )   PDF ( 697KB )   ( 1079 ) The aim of the study was to clarify the effects of slow-release fertilizer application on the nitrogen (N) accumulation and distribution, and its contribution to the yield of the summer maize varieties. Using two maize hybrids ( ‘Suyu29’and‘Suyu30’ ) as materials, the changes of N accumulation and distribution under various slow-release fertilizer treatments (N 0, 270, 315, 360, 405, 450, and 495 kg/hm2, respectively) were conducted by a field trial with split plot design in 2013. With the increase of slow- release levels, the N accumulation amount and N use efficiency rose first, fell later and peaked at N 405 kg/hm2, and these two parameters of‘Suyu29’were higher than those of‘Suyu30’ . The N-requirement for 100 kg grain also rose first and fell later and peaked at N 405 kg/hm2 for both varieties, while the change trend for grains per kg N production was on the contrary. The partial fertilizer productivity gradually decreased with the increase of N amount. Under the treatment with the highest yield at N 405 kg/hm2, the N translocation rate of leaf, stem and sheath and their contribution to grain yield were higher than those of the other N treatments. The results of regression analysis showed that the high N distribution percentage in leaf at maturity was in favor of high yield for‘Suyu29’ , and high N distribution percentage in bract and cob were in favor of high yield for ‘Suyu30’ . In this study, the two varieties with N 405 kg/hm2 had the highest grain yield, N accumulation amount, N use efficiency, N-requirement for 100 kg grain, and the N translocation rate of leaf, stem and sheath and their contribution to yield were higher than that of other treatments.

  Effect of Composite Magnetic Field on Seeds Germination and Seedling Growth and Development of Maize 2015, 31 (27):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030038 Abstract + ( 1099 )   PDF ( 525KB )   ( 402 ) The study aimed to discuss the effect of magnetic field on the biological effect of maize seeds. With the ZS-CⅢ composite magnetic processor compound produced by alternating current magnetic field, magnetic field intensities of 250 mT (A) and (B) 300 mT were used to deal with maize seeds respectively; and taking Zhengdan958’and‘Zhengdan2201’and 5 hybrids: 12HY617×12HY741, 12HY647×12HY741, 12HY751×12HY601, 12HY576 × 12HY436, 12HY731 × 12HY592 as test materials, the author studied the effects of different magnetic treatment doses on the germination indexes of the maize seeds. The results showed that maize seeds germination energy and germination rate were improved by the composite magnetic field treatment, the highest increase were 26.7% and 30.4%, respectively; the content of chlorophyll increased by 8.17%-28%; the weight of roots, stems and leaves and the length of roots at seedling stage were higher than that of CK. But the length of stems at seedling stage did not increase significantly. All the indexes did not show significant difference between A and B of magnetic treatments. So the magnetic field treatment could significantly improve the germination rate, germination potential of maize seeds and the content of chlorophyll in leaves, increase the length of roots, dry weight and fresh weight of stems and leaves at seedling stage. The study laid a good foundation for increasing the maize yield.

  Study on Soil Environment and Maize Yield Under Different Plastic Film Mulching Modes 刘恩科,姜春霞,黄学芳,张冬梅,张伟,,,, and 赵聪 2015, 31 (27):  46-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060121 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 666KB )   ( 665 ) In order to avoid the reduction of spring maize output caused by low temperature and drought in cold region and explore the suitable film mulching modes, field experiments were conducted from 2012 to 2013 to study the effects of eight plastic film mulching modes on soil moisture, soil temperature and maize yield. The results showed that the film mulching mode of ridge height 5-10 cm and mulching width 50-70 cm could increase soil moisture and keep soil temperature, which could increase the average temperature by 1.5-2.3℃in 0-5 cm soil layer and advance maize tasseling by 6-7 d compared with non-film mulching treatment. The yield of ridge height 10 cm and mulching width 50- 70 cm was significantly higher than that of non- film mulching treatment, and it had no significant difference with the full film mulching on double ridges and flat planting of wide film mulching. The yield of mulching width 50 cm and 70 cm and ridge height 10 cm were 17.9%, 17.1% and 15.6% higher than that of non-film mulching treatment in 2012, and they were 15.5%, 6.4% and 18.2% higher than that of non-film mulching treatment in 2013. On comprehensive consideration of soil moisture, soil temperature and spring maize yield, the plastic film mulching mode of ridge height 5-10 cm and mulching width 50-70 cm was the suitable mulching mode for spring maize planting in this region.

  Response of Yield and Quality Related Traits to Planting Densities in Different Maize Cultivars 2015, 31 (27):  53-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030050 Abstract + ( 1013 )   PDF ( 478KB )   ( 414 ) In this study, four different maize varieties were used to explore the influence of planting density on the biomass and quality traits. In order to determine the agronomic and quality traits of the tested varieties, five planting densities were designed. The results showed that the optimum planting density of‘Zhengdan 958’ ,‘Fenghe 4’ ,‘Longyu 1’and‘Heisi 1’were 75000 plants/hm2, 82000 plants/hm2, 82000-90000 plants/hm2 and 82000 plants/hm2. Under different planting densities, difference of the ear height of the four varieties was not significant, and plant height of three silage maize varieties also had no significant difference. The plant height and ear height of‘Zhengdan 958’were lower than that of the other three silage maize varieties with the same plant density. Quality traits of the four varieties had different responses to corresponding planting density. Correlation between planting density and biomass yield of‘Heisi 1’was negative, while that of the other three varieties were positively correlated. Therefore, in order to achieve high biomass, reasonable plant density should be chosen based on the characteristics of variety.

  Correlation and Path Analysis of Yield and Yield Characteristics of Maize Hybrids 2015, 31 (27):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050138 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 417KB )   ( 493 ) In this paper, thirteen maize hybrids were applied to elucidate the yield performance and the correlation between yield and yield characteristics based on the six economical traits (i.e. ear length, ear row number, bare tip length, net weight per ear, KWEI and yield) of maize. The results showed that ear row number and net weight per ear were significantly and positively correlated with yield. To enhance ear row number and net weight per ear, reduce bare tip length and give dual attention to other agronomic traits was an effective way to enhance the maize yield.

  Systematic clustering analysis of Maize Hybrids and their agronomic characters 2015, 31 (27):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060148 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 608KB )   ( 542 ) The aim was to study the relationship among maize agronomic traits and research the genetic differences in maize hybrids. The genetic distance and correlation coefficient were calculated by using the systematic cluster analysis method based on 13 agronomic traits of 11 maize varieties. The results showed that the 11 varieties were divided into four groups, and the first group included QIV9, QIV10, QIV5 and QIV6; the second included QIV1, QIV2 and QIV4; the third included QIV3, QIV11 and QIV7; the fourth included QIV8. The 13 agronomic traits were divided into 4 groups by variable cluster analysis. Ear weight, net weight per ear, yield, ear row number and bare tip length were in the first group; ear height, row grain number, water content, axle weight and ear diameter were in the second group; ear length and hundred-grain weight were in the third group; the plant height belonged to the last group. This study defined the relationship of maize traits and varieties, and provided scientific basis for the breeding and development of maize hybrid.

  Yield Analysis of National Regional Trial of Soybean in Huang-Huai-Hai Area Based on AMMI Model 2015, 31 (27):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030053 Abstract + ( 824 )   PDF ( 854KB )   ( 558 ) In order to investigate the high-yield ability, yield stability and site discriminability of the varieties and sites in national regional trial of soybean in Huang- Huai- Hai Area, promote soybean breeding and extension work of this area, the yields of 17 varieties (lines) in 8 test sites were analyzed by AMMI model. The results showed that, the varieties (g), test sites (E), the variety × test sites (g×E) interaction and the interaction effect of principal component values (IPCA) reached extremely significant level. The first three varieties of high yield were‘SFy0803’ ,‘Zhong huang 37’ ,‘Cang dou 11’and the first three varieties of yield stability were‘Han dou No. 5’ ,‘Cang dou11’ ,‘Zhong zuo J8032’. The first three sites of discriminability were Linfen, Linyi, Weifang. The r values between Di of different sites and longitude/latitude, average temperature, precipitation and sunshine in the growth period were not significant.

  Effect of Irrigation on Peanut Plant Grows and Dry Matter Accumulation 刘孟娟,,,, and 2015, 31 (27):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030008 Abstract + ( 984 )   PDF ( 755KB )   ( 306 ) In order to clarify irrigation effect on plant growth, yield and component factors of different peanut varieties at flower pin stage, dry matter accumulations in different organs were studied. The results showed that different irrigation treatments had different effects on different agronomic traits and yield. Under the irrigation condition, there was no significant difference between the‘Huayu 25’and its control; but the traits and yield of‘Huayu 25’had better adaptability to irrigation, and poor performance was found in‘Huayu 20’ . Growth and development of main stem and branch length of all varieties fit well to Logistic equation. Watering could advance the occurring time (Tm) of flower main stem height and the maximum branch length growth rate, ahead of the main stem height Tm 2-5 days, Tm of the branch length advanced 3-7 days. Irrigation at flower pin stage increased the maximum growth rate (Vm) of the main stem height of‘Huayu 22’and‘Huayu 25’by 21.29% and 5.67% , increased their largest growth rates of branch length by 3.61% and 5.42% , but decreased the maximum growth rate (Vm) of the main stem height and the branch length of‘Huayu 20’by 15.48% and 21.81%. Irrigation after flower pin stage, the base of each stem length and stem diameter of different varieties were delayed 20 days, the base stem length of‘Huayu 25’ ,‘Huayu 20’and‘Huayu 22’increased by 0.30 cm , 0.57 cm and 0.46 cm, its stem diameter increased by 18.33% , 11.11% , 10.34% . Irrigation after flowering pin stage, the production efficiency was significantly improved, the productivities of‘Huayu 22’ and‘Huayu 25’were 25.26 kg/mm and 22.6 kg/mm. Therefore, under both natural field condition and irrigation treatment after flowering pin stage, the yield of‘Huayu 25’was the highest, which was 4794.3 kg/hm2 and 5030.25 kg/hm2, showed that‘Huayu 25’ had the strong resistance and wide adaptability capabilities.

  Effects of Molybdenum Fertilizer Appling Patterns on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Protein of Peanut 2015, 31 (27):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030042 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 329 ) The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of molybdenum fertilizer on peanut production. The study was carried out in Gelinwan village, located in Yuanyang County, Henan Province. Based on the equal amounts of N, P2O5, K2O, a field experiment was designed with three replicates and three treatments. The three treatments were as follows: (1)the seeds were soaked in water for 12 h as control; (2)the seeds were soaked with 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer for 12 h; (3)the seeds were soaked with 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer for 12 h, and 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer solution was sprayed on peanut at stages of five leaves and early flowering, respectively. The peanut yield was measured in harvest, and the protein content in peanut seeds was analyzed among different treatments. The results indicated that the seeds soaked with 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer could significantly promote growth and nodule formation, improve reproduction of rhizobium, individual plant productivity and double kernel peanut. The peanut yield increased by 23.24% and protein content increased by 1.26 percent point, respectively. Compared with control, the treatment of seeds soaked with 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer and spraying 0.1% molybdenum fertilizer solution twice could increase the yield by 47.51% and the protein content by 2.39 percent point, respectively. The effect of molybdenum fertilizer on peanut yield and protein content reached a significant level. It is concluded that the effect of treatment 3 is the best, and has better extension and application prospect.

  Relationship Between Key Enzymes of Starch Synthesis and Tuber Starch Accumulation 2015, 31 (27):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030153 Abstract + ( 1041 )   PDF ( 622KB )   ( 719 ) The experiment used two potato varieties‘Dongnong 308’and‘Yanshu 4’as tested materials, and aimed to research the absorption and accumulation of starch in tubers of different potato varieties, and to study the four key enzymes related to its synthesis and provide a reasonable basis for potato improvement. After the top of the potato stolonic began to expand, the key enzymes of starch synthesis, the dynamic accumulation of starch and the amylose dynamic accumulation in leaf blade and tubers were measured. The results showed that, the four key enzymes in different periods of starch accumulation and synthesis process showed different activity strength, which in turn controlled the beginning and the rate of the starch biosynthesis, and then influenced the synthesis and accumulation of potato amylose and amylopectin. And both the starch content and starch content of each component of‘Dongnong 308’were more than that of‘Yanshu 4’in every period. The reason was that the key enzymes of starch synthesis of‘Dongnong 308’were higher than that of‘Yanshu 4’ .

  Research and Application of Soilless Culture System of Ipomoea batatas 2015, 31 (27):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030085 Abstract + ( 1053 )   PDF ( 502KB )   ( 1095 ) Ipomoea batatas is a kind of sprawl herb with root tuber underground, and also an important kind of upland crop in China which is originated from tropical Central America. It has many varieties for fresh eating, vegetable use and ornamental. The application of soilless culture technique on sweet potato cultivation is more and more extensive with its progressive development. This paper summarizes the research progress and achievements on the construction of sweet potato soilless culture system, including research contents related to sweet potato hydroponics and its pattern at home and abroad. It also expounds the application of soilless culture system on sweet potato breeding, multiplication, production and afforestation. Some existing problems in sweet potato soilless culture system are put forward and its development is prospected.

  Study on Fertilizer Efficient Utilization of Brewing Sorghum 2015, 31 (27):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030226 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 473KB )   ( 561 ) In order to explore the effect of N, P and K fertilizer on the yield of brewing sorghum and to find the optimum fertilizer formula of N, P and K for high yield of sorghum, based on‘3414’test design, a field trial with sorghum variety‘Jinza No.23’was conducted to investigate the effects of different fertilizer formulas of N, P and K on agronomic characters and yield of sorghum in the experimental plot of the Industrial Crop Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China. The results showed that the agronomic characters, ear grain weight and1000-grain weight of sorghum of different fertilizer treatments were higher than that of the control treatment, but there was no significant difference by variance analysis; on the basis of certain soil fertility, increasing fertilizer could obtain higher yield than no fertilizer; N and P fertilizer significantly increased the yield of sorghum grain, but with the increasing of N fertilizer, sorghum grain yield decreased significantly. Under the experimental condition, N fertilizer application amount of 96 kg/hm2, P2O5 fertilizer application amount of 76 kg/hm2, and K2O fertilizer application amount of 60 kg/hm2 were the reasonable formulas for high-yield, low-cost and high-income of sorghum.

  Preliminary Analyses of Yield Component Factors of Autumn Broad Bean 欧阳裕元 and 2015, 31 (27):  104-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030140 Abstract + ( 855 )   PDF ( 475KB )   ( 395 ) The yield component factors mainly contain effective branch, effective pods, grain number and 100- grain weight in the broad bean. To study the relatively optimal coordination of the four factors is a hot issue. In order to choose the broad bean varieties with high quality and yield in Anhui Province, using 83 portions of autumn broad bean as the plot test materials, the author adopted variance analysis, correlation analysis and grey correlation analysis and preliminary analyzed the forming factors of broad bean production. The results indicated that effective branch and grain number had a highly positive correlation with the yield, and they were the most important determining factors, effective branch was positively correlated with effective pods and grain number. Partial correlation analysis also showed that yield had an extremely and significantly positive correlation with effective branch and grain number, and the partial correlation coefficient was 0.3152** and 0.4895**. Path- coefficient analysis revealed that the direct effect of grain number per plant was the largest. Grey correlation analysis showed that contribution of the four factors to yield from high to low was in the following sequence: grain number, effective branch, 100- grain weight, effective pods. So, the raising of the grain number should be the priority in increasing the broad bean production, and the attention should be paid to the balance among various characters.

  Principal Component Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits in Autumn Broad Bean 2015, 31 (27):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060138 Abstract + ( 1049 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 404 ) In order to evaluate the multi index system of autumn broad bean, the correlation and principal component analysis were used to research 8 agronomic traits of 12 autumn broad bean varieties. The results showed that: except that the coefficient variation of the growth period was small, the coefficient variations of the rest traits were large, and there were complex correlations among all the agronomic traits. The contribution ratio of accumulated variance reached 86.318% , 3 principal components reflected relative characteristics of 8 agronomic traits, the first principal component was the factor of yield with 56.187% contribution rate, the second principal component was the factor of growth period with 19.156% contribution rate, the third principal component was the factor of pod length and plant height with 10.975% contribution rate. Three varieties with top comprehensive score were‘Zhijinxiaoqingpi’ ,‘Jianlixiaocandou’and‘Chenghu18’ . The evaluation method to autumn broad bean is practicable and is a new way for comprehensive evaluation of broad bean multiple varieties and multiple traits.

  Research Progress of High Photosynthetic Efficiency Breeding of Brassica napus 2015, 31 (27):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030071 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 1281 ) Rapeseed is the most important oil crop, and stable increase of rapeseed yield is significant for edible oil security. In the past 30 years, China’ s rapeseed breeding has achieved significant progress in quality improvement while the rapeseed yield is in a wandering status. The high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of Brassica napus could increase yield by changing the space of leaves, branches and pods, increase the net photosynthetic rate and decrease respiration consumption. This paper reviewed research progress of high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by 4 morphological traits: leaf type, plant height, branching characteristics and pod type, and 5 physiological traits: dry matter, photosynthetic area, net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and root. The study pointed out 5 problems in current rapeseed breeding: ①more studies on individual trait but less study on population traits; ②more studies on individual photosynthetic factor but less holistic study; ③more studies on static traits but less study on dynamic traits;④ physiological high photosynthetic efficiency breeding of Brassica napus was still in an exploring stage;⑤ less research on root. Finally, the author suggested that the research of rapeseed highly photosynthetic efficiency breeding in the future should inherit the achievements of available rapeseed breeding, and combining with high oil content breeding, mechanization, ecology breeding and heterosis.

  Effects of Rice Straw Returning and Transplanting Methods on Rape Yield and Economic Benefit 2015, 31 (27):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030067 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 447KB )   ( 383 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for new simplified transplanting techniques in the rice stubble rape field in Taihu Lake areas, the differences in yield and agronomic traits of rape under different simplified transplanting methods were studied. The author studied the influences of 2 amounts of rice straw returning (A1: all rice straw returned to soil; A2: no rice straw returned to soil) and 2 transplanting methods (B1: mechanical ridging swing planting; B2: no tillage hole planting) on the yield, yield components, agronomic traits of‘Suyou 6’and analyzed the saving of labour and cost and economic benefit. The results showed that compared to no rice straw returning, the grain number of per pod, 1000-grain weight, length of main inflorescence, number of primary and secondary branches and stress resistance of rape under all rice straw returning were increased, leading to an increase in yield. The mechanical ridging swing planting achieved more primary or secondary effective branches and pods of per plant than no tillage hole planting, significantly increased the yield. Meanwhile, the mechanical ridging swing planting could help aeration and photopenetration, and also significantly improve the stress resistance and high and stable yield. Compared to the no tillage hole planting, the mechanical ridging swing planting could achieve an abridgement of 18% and net income increased by 3750 yuan/hm2; the ratio of input to output was 1:1.58. The mechanical ridging swing planting techniques with all rice straw returning could significantly increase the planting benefit and effectively relieve the labor tension in transplanting, which was suitable for popularization and application in Taihu Lake areas.

  Research on Characteristic and Mechanical Cultivation Technique (Mechanical Sowing and Reaping Method) of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed‘Zhenyou 89’ 2015, 31 (27):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030127 Abstract + ( 1010 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 373 ) For researching the characteristic and simple and high-effective (mechanical sowing and reaping method) cultivation technique, the field density and sowing test data of‘Zhenyou 89’ , combined with a large number of practices on mechanical sowing and reaping were studied. The important point of the high yield technique was reasonable arrangement of stubbles, early sowing time (seeding time on September 20th to 25th), training full stand strong seedling, ensure planting density (seeding rate by 3.75-4.5 kg/hm2, density of 225- 375 thousand of strains/hm2), rational application of fertilizer (compound fertilizer 600 kg/hm2, containing N:P: K=16:16:16, urea 270 kg/hm2, boric fertilizer 15 kg/hm2), scientific control of weeds, timely prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests, suitable harvest time, etc. Mechanical sowing and reaping was simply and high-effectively applied to the production of rapeseed, and could reduce production cost and enhance the international competitiveness.

  Effects of Potassium Nutrition on Growth and Potassium Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Hemp 2015, 31 (27):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030198 Abstract + ( 1134 )   PDF ( 559KB )   ( 927 ) In order to study potassium nutrition feature and the optimum potassium content,‘Yunma 1’was used as test material, the growth characteristic, dry matter, the accumulation and distribution of potassium ion, and the utilization efficiency of potassium under different potassium levels were studied through the method of water culture. The results showed that the growth indexes of hemp such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and root/shoot ratio reached the optimal level under 2.0 mmol/L potassium treatment. With the increase of the application amount of potassium, the potassium utilization efficiency and SOD activity of hemp decreased, while the content of chlorophyll increased, the content of sucrose and the activity of sucrose increased at first and then decreased. The dry matter and potassium accumulation amount of hemp reached the maximum level under 2.0 mmol/L potassium treatment, and the potassium distribution in hemp organs was in an order as stem＞ leaf＞ root. In conclusion, the optimal concentration of potassium for hemp growth and development under this experimental condition was 2.0 mmol/L.

  Preliminary Report on Israel Precocious Castor Varieties 2015, 31 (27):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010055 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 491 ) In order to identify and screen excellent castor varieties for summer sowing in Binzhou area and realize the rotation and interplanting of castor and wheat, the author took 3 times repeats and random permutation method, to carry out the comparison test of varieties. The results showed that, compared with the control variety‘Zibo castor No.9’ , the Israeli castor varieties‘C-1012’and‘C-856’had equivalent yield, obvious advantages of early-maturing, and were suitable for structure adjustment of rotation and interplanting with wheat in summer, and could be the varieties for introduction and promotion. Compared with the control,‘C- 856’and‘K- 93’had great differences in yield and longer growth period, and were not suitable for summer sowing and large area popularization.

  Studies on Fertilization Effect and Suitable Amounts of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Hsian-tsao Wei Tianjin 2015, 31 (27):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060092 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 384 ) In order to study the effect of different fertilizing amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on the yield of Hsian-tsao, we made field fertilization experiment of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium by the “3414” design. The results showed that the effect of fertilizer types on the yield of Hsian-tsao was in an order as: potassium＞nitrogen＞phosphorus. According to the established function of fertilizer efficiency and the local production practice of Hsian-tsao, the highest fertilizing amount of Hsian-tsao was N 200.7 kg/hm2, P2O5 94.7 kg/hm2 and K2O 262.5 kg/hm2. The highest yield was 11089 kg/hm2, and the best rate of fertilization, N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.47:1.3. The optimum economic fertilizing amount was N 193.7 kg/hm2, P2O5 88.4 kg/hm2 and K2O 241.4 kg/hm2, and the optimum economic yield was 11072.4 kg/hm2, and the best rate of fertilization, N:P2O5:K2O was 1:0.46:1.25. In the Hsian-tsa production, attention should be paid to the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The compound fertilizer of low-content phosphorus, high-content nitrogen and potassium should be recommended.

  Correlation and Principal Components Analysis of the Main Agricultural Traits of Rapeseed Breeding Parents 2015, 31 (27):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030200 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 463KB )   ( 574 ) In order to assess the different rapeseed lines effectively and select the elite lines for rapeseed breeding, as well as discuss the basic heredity laws of rapeseed traits, the correlation analysis and the principal components analysis were carried out on eleven agricultural traits of eighteen rapeseed breeding lines. There were great differences among the main agricultural traits of rapeseed breeding parents. The variation coefficient of the different traits ranged from 0.09 to 0.31, the highest was found for yield per plant and the least was found for plant height. The correlations of the main agricultural traits were different. The significant correlation was found between the related silique number and yield per plant, and the bad correlation was found between the distance of branches and other traits. The four main principal components were obtained in the principal components analysis of the main agricultural traits. Except that the first principal component consisted of silique number and yield plant, the other three principal components were mainly constituted by distance of branches. Both the main objective traits and its related traits should be emphasized in the effective improvement of rapeseed breeding. All these results would provide some basis for the effective utilization of rapeseed germplasm and the improvement of rapeseed traits.

  Research Progress of Efficient Utilization of Soil, Fertilizer and Water of Sesame 徐桂珍,赵莉,汪强,林勇翔 and 田东丰 2015, 31 (27):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030116 Abstract + ( 802 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 614 ) Sesame production plays an important role in oil crop industry in China, soil, fertilizer and water control are the keys to get superior economic characters and high yield of sesame. Based on literatures both at home and abroad, the research progress of efficient utilization of soil, fertilizer and water of sesame was summarized, and the focus was on the effect of soil cultivation, fertilizer and water on sesame yield and the regulation of growth, including the effect of farming combined with the application of N, P, K fertilizer, the effect of the application of N, P, K fertilizer on sesame yield, the effect of water stress on the physical and chemical properties of sesame and water efficient utilization. The advices on sesame production and efficient utilization of soil, fertilizer and water were put forward.

  Genetic Relationship Analysis Between Infertility and Early-heading Date Trait in Gao 146A, A Highly Male-sterile Line of Foxtail Millet [Setaria italica (L. Beauv.)] 2015, 31 (27):  159-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020101 Abstract + ( 1184 )   PDF ( 556KB )   ( 424 ) Genetic characteristics of the early-heading date in Gao 146A, a highly male-sterile line, were analyzed using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model with the P1, P2, F1 and F2 generations derived from the hybrid Gao 146A × K103, and the genetic relationship between infertility and early-heading date was studied using χ2 test methods in this paper. The results showed that the early-heading trait in Gao 146A was a quantitative trait, and was controlled by two pairs of additive - dominance - epistatic major genes plus additive - dominance polygenic model, and the major gene effects is large, but the multi-gene effect is relatively small, in which a pair of main additive genes played the major role in either additive or dominant effect, and another major gene had a second role in dominant and epistatic effect. There were four kinds of phenotypes of the sterility and heading date in the F2 population, namely early-heading-fertile type, early-heading-infertility type, late-heading-fertile type and late-heading-infertility type, and the segregation ratio was 39:13:9:3, in line with the independently distribution law of three pairs of genes (χ2 = 3.18 < χ20.05 = 7.81). These results suggest that there pairs of genes controlling the male-sterile and early-heading traits respectively are of independent inheritance and non-linkage relationship.

  Transferability of Sorghum SSR and EST-SSR Markers to Saccharum spontaneum L. 2015, 31 (27):  164-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040188 Abstract + ( 1842 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 421 ) Nowadays, limited molecular markers were developed in Saccharum spontaneum. To increase the number of molecular markers of Saccharum spontaneum, in this study, the transferability of molecular markers from sorghum to Saccharum spontaneum was analyzed. 29 pairs of primer of genomic- SSR and 20 pairs of primer of EST-SSR from sorghum were screened in Saccharum spontaneum germplasm GSM39, to evaluate the transferability. Polymorphism and genetic diversity of the markers were further evaluated by using 14 materials of Saccharum spontaneum. The results showed that 70% EST- SSR primers were successfully amplified in Saccharum spontaneum, the percentage of polymorphism of available EST- SSR primers was 50% . The transferability rate of SSR primers in Saccharum spontaneum was only 34.5% , but the percentage of polymorphism was 70% . 14 polymorphism primers detected 33 alleles in 14 Saccharum spontaneum. The average observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) was 2.4286, 1.7, 0.544 and 0.3858. Average value of Nei's genetic diversity index (H) was 0.3716. These results indicated that EST- SSR had higher transferability than that of SSR, but the percentage of polymorphism of SSR primers was higher. The research was significant for the study of genetic diversity and comparative genomics research in Saccharum spontaneum.

  Review of Cassava Cold Resistance and Related Traits Gene Mapping Study 2015, 31 (27):  172-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020088 Abstract + ( 1090 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 1040 ) Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has important edible value, biological energy value, genetic value and ecological value in the tropical and subtropical regions, and has drawn attention from scholars both at home and abroad. Cassava has been used in the production of fuel ethanol in recent years and gradually become a kind of important biological energy sources, so the demand of cassava is growing. But the production practice shows that the main factor limiting cassava production is the low cold resistance of cultivated varieties. Exploring cassava gene related to cold resistance and breeding cold-resistant cassava germplasm resources is an essential way to improve cold resistance of cassava. In order to study cassava cold resistance more comprehensively, this paper summarized the domestic and foreign progress on cassava cold resistance and related traits gene mapping, explored genetic law of related traits of cold resistance genes, at the same time, it put forward the future study direction taking into account the situation in China, and provided the basis for future research on cold resistance of cassava.

  Progress of Exploration and Utilization of Excellent Traits and Related Genes in Grain Amaranth 白云凤 2015, 31 (27):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040112 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 458 ) In order to broaden the genetic resource of grain amaranth, this article summarized the role of grain amaranth in crop molecular breeding, including the quality, resistance, high yield, water saving characteristics, and the clone and use of relative genes; rich potassium characteristics of grain amaranth and rich potassium genotype screening; Cd-rich characteristics of grain amaranth and its potential application in soil remediation. The author believed that with facilitation, mechanization, and intensification of modern farming, crop species and crop variety diversity were declining, the unique genetic resource was easily lost, the genetic basis was increasingly poor. The development, protection and utilization of grain amaranth, a new type of genetic resource, would have important significance for variety design and molecular breeding of crops.

  Effect of Nitrogen Application on the Content of Soluble Sugar and Key Enzyme Activities in Sugar Metabolism of Sugar Beet 范有君 and 2015, 31 (27):  183-189.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030137 Abstract + ( 1139 )   PDF ( 711KB )   ( 689 ) In order to select suitable level of nitrogen and study the relationships between nitrogen nutrition and the sucrose metabolism of sugar beet, urea was used as soil nitrogen fertilizer and HI003 was selected as experimental sample, the effects of different nitrogen levels on the content of soluble sugar, activities of sucrose phosphorus synthase and sucrose synthase were studied in roots and leaves. The results were as following: in the early growth stage, the content of soluble sugar decreased with the increase of nitrogen levels in both roots and leaves. Nitrogen (40- 160 kg/hm2) increased the content of soluble sugar in roots in the tuber sugar accumulation period, and decreased the content of soluble sugar with the increase of nitrogen levels more than 160 kg/hm2. Nitrogen application increased activities of sucrose phosphorus synthase in sugar beet leaves in the whole growth period, and decreased activities of sucrose synthase with the increase of nitrogen levels in sugar beet leaves in the early growth stage. In sugar beet roots, activities of sucrose phosphorus synthase and sucrose synthase decreased with nitrogen application in the early growth stage, but suitable nitrogen levels (120- 160 kg/hm2) increased activities of sucrose phosphorus synthase and sucrose synthase in later growth stage. The results showed that high nitrogen levels were not beneficial to sugar accumulation and the suitable levels of nitrogen were 120-160 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Different Biodegradable Films Mulching on the Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Peanut 2015, 31 (27):  190-197.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030142 Abstract + ( 1188 )   PDF ( 926KB )   ( 896 ) In order to explore the effect of biodegradable films on soil water and temperature and the growth and yield of peanut, a contrast experiment on four kinds of biodegradable film, common plastic film and no plastic film was carried out. The results showed that mulching was better than no mulching treatment. The degradation speed of biodegradable film Q2 was too fast, degradation periods of other kinds of biodegradable film were suitable. Biodegradable film Q3 was more conducive to the formation of the growth and yield of peanut, and its effect was better than common plastic film. Q4 was similar to the ordinary plastic film, the effect was slightly inferior to that of the ordinary plastic film, effects of film Q1 and Q2 were worse than that of the ordinary plastic film. Biodegradable film had moderate degradation period, and could achieve similar effect as the ordinary plastic film in retaining temperature and humidity. Biodegradable film was better than the ordinary plastic film in increasing chlorophyll SPAD of peanut, photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaf and delaying leaf senescence. In conclusion, biodegradable film Q3 and Q4, with suitable degradation period, could satisfy the need of soil temperature and moisture for peanut in different growth stags. In the early stage, they could increase temperature and contain water; in the later stage, they could lower the temperature and increase the penetration of moisture and promote the photosynthesis. In addition, they could reduce the white pollution and the damage of soil properties, had good ecological and economic benefits and broad application prospects.

  Effects of Boron Stress on Protective Enzyme System of Sugar Beet and Its Relationship with Endogenous Hormones 刘乃新,吴玉梅,,裴轩瑗 and 2015, 31 (27):  198-202.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15050021 Abstract + ( 1413 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 388 ) In order to study the effect of boron on sugar beet protective enzyme system and the correlation between protective enzyme system and endogenous hormones under different boron levels, and then enrich the physiological theory of sugar beet, sugar beet‘HI0099’was selected as experimental material. Under hydroponic condition, four nutrition concentrations of boron were set to determine the protective enzyme system of sugar beet leaves and endogenous hormones content. The results showed that, for the four varieties of sugar beet under different boron treatments, MDA content of leaves decreased and proline content increased as the plant growth. MDA content of leaves and proline increased under boron stress treatments. Under different boron treatments, SOD activity of sugar beet leaves and POD increased as plant growth. In the same date, different boron concentrations presented a trend of deficiency or the SOD activity increased under toxicity stress. Under boron stress condition, SOD activity and ZT content presented a significantly negative correlation (P＜0.05); SOD activity and GA3 presented a highly and significantly negative correlation (P＜0.01). In different dates, the variation rule of CAT activity among all the boron nutrition treatments was the same which firstly decreased and then increased. Comprehensive analysis showed that boron stress caused membrane lipid peroxidation. Sugar beet leaves defended boron toxicity by increasing protective enzyme activity; however, its defensive capability was limited. With the plant growing, the defensive capability of sugar beet on boron stress reached a critical value. The variation of protective enzyme activity was no longer significant. Sugar beet plant growth which was under boron stress condition was controlled by protective enzyme system and endogenous hormones.

  Application of Eupatorium adenophorum in the Production of Armillaria mellea 吴兴波,黄维金 and 2015, 31 (27):  203-206.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030124 Abstract + ( 881 )   PDF ( 1420KB )   ( 368 ) In order to study whether Eupatorium adenophorum could be applied in the production of Armillaria mellea and explore the efficient and reasonable way to control E. adenophorum, Alnus cremastogyne Burk and Fagus sylvatica were used as control nutrition mediums, to study the growth condition of A. mellea in E. adenophorum medium. The results showed that A.mellea could germinate and grow normally in E. adenophorum medium, rhizomorph grew fast with many branches and high vitality, but the rhizomorph was slimsy. A. mellea could grow in E. adenophorum medium, and there was no significant difference in growth rate between E. adenophorum medium and F. sylvatica medium.

  Application Potentiality of Biochar on Tobacco Planting 苏以荣 2015, 31 (27):  207-210.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040207 Abstract + ( 1351 )   PDF ( 450KB )   ( 772 ) Although producing“high level tobacco”has become the strategic mission of the tobacco industry, the tobacco quality has not been remarkably improved and the tobacco- planted soil has been gradually deteriorated. Traditional methods have reached a bottleneck, and finding a potential solution is urgent. Biochar is a kind of organic matter, which has various nutrient elements, abundant functional groups, developed pore structure and high adsorptive capacity, it has great potential in soil environment optimization. Biochar could enhance tobacco growth, while with hysteresis. Appropriate application of biochar could coordinate the chemical component in tobacco leaves and improve tobacco- leaf quality. This paper summarized the characteristics of biochar and its effects on crop and soil property, in order to provide references for biochar application to tobacco production.

  Effects of Fungicide on Growth and Heavy Metal Uptake of Maize (Zea may L.) 2015, 31 (27):  211-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030182 Abstract + ( 1037 )   PDF ( 586KB )   ( 489 ) In order to elucidate the effects of fungicide (Benomyl) on the heavy metal tolerance of maize (Zea may L.) and explore its potential adverse effects on non-target organisms under heavy metal pollution stress, the author conducted greenhouse pot experiments in heavy metal polluted soils, investigated the effects of Benomyl on the growth, physiology, heavy metal contents and uptake in maize (Zea may L.). The results showed that: (1) Benomyl significantly affected the growth and physiology of maize under heavy metal stress, resulted in a decrease of plant height and biomass by 14% and 23%, respectively, and an increase of MDA content in leaves by 87% ; (2) Benomyl induced a significant decrease of Cd content in maize root, and significantly reduced the uptake amount of Pb, Zn and Cd in maize plant by 32%, 33% and 43%, respectively. The results indicated that the fungicide caused a remarkable decrease of the heavy metal tolerance and uptake amount in maize under heavy metal stress.

  Effects of Different Types of Phosphate Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties and Flue-cured Tobacco Growth 田茂成,,,,, and 2015, 31 (27):  216-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040161 Abstract + ( 1094 )   PDF ( 755KB )   ( 679 ) Long-term unreasonable application of phosphate fertilization is the limiting factor to the quality of flue-cured tobacco. The paper aims to understand phosphate fertilizer effect on soil and its influence on fluecured tobacco growth, and determine the best P formula. Effects of different types of phosphate fertilizer on soil chemical properties and flue-cured tobacco growth were studied by field experiment and soil testing with the DPS and SPSS software, and the single factor randomized block design. Researches on different phosphate fertilizer formula designs, soil chemical properties and flue- cured tobacco growth were conducted in three steps. First was the field design of different formulas of phosphate fertilizer, then was the soil sampling determination, determination of canopy structure index, chlorophyll, physical properties after baking smoke and root system, and finally were the analysis of variance and multiple comparison, and the establishment of the scheme of phosphate fertilizer formula. Variance analysis demonstrated that the contents of soil alkali hydrolysable nitrogen (F=7.9375, P=0.0068) and soil available potassium (F=6.2115, P=0.0145) and soil available phosphorus (F=5.9213, P=0.0158) and tobacco leaf area index (F=4.112, P=0.0433) and photosynthetic active radiation (F=4.6775, P=0.0378) in maturing stages of flue-cured tobacco were increased significantly by mono-ammonium phosphate, physical characters of flue-cured tobacco were improved, it was one of the effective measures to prevent and control soil acidification, and was favorable to root growth of fluecured tobacco. The contents of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen (F=5.112, P=0.0237) and soil available phosphorus (F=5.20, P=0.0177) and tobacco leaf area index (F=3.9621, P=0.0495) were increased significantly by high phosphorus basal fertilizer type II, and soil pH (F=4.2351, P=0.0411) was decreased significantly, it was favorable to root growth of flue- cured tobacco. The contents of soil organic matter were increased by high phosphorus basal fertilizer type I, high phosphorus basal fertilizer could promote the growth and maturity of flue-cured tobacco, improve leaf area index of flue-cured tobacco in vigorous growth stages and maturing stages by 1.26%-31.69%, and improve photosynthetic active radiation of flue-cured tobacco in maturing stages by 2.04%- 11.51% . This is of great significance in directing fertilizer application in the phosphorus deficiency soil in Xiangxi Zhou.

  Study on Soil Temperature Variation of No-till Cultivation with Different Amounts of Stalk Mulch 张敬涛,刘婧琦 and 赵桂范 2015, 31 (27):  224-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030151 Abstract + ( 1019 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 413 ) Micro area locating method was used in order to study the effect of different amounts of stalk mulch on soil temperature in no-till soybean field. The results indicated that: with the increase of the amount of stalk mulch, the soil temperature decreased. Compared to the control of 0% stalk mulch conventional fall ploughing ridge culture, the soil temperature of no-till treatments with 0%, 30%, 60%, 100% stalk mulch decreased by 0.35-4.39, 0.45-4.55, 0.57-5.34 and 0.77-6.14℃ respectively. Among different growth stages, seedling stage had the biggest temperature difference compared to the control, and the difference became small after bloom. The temperature drop range was 0.46-3.62℃ between different soil layers, seedling stage had the largest drop range of 3.62℃. Therefore, the key of stalk returning no-till technique application in the high latitude cold region was adopting temperature increase measures at the seedling stage in order to promote seedling growth.

  Effect of Granular Structure on Soil Splash Erosion Rate and Soil Crust Development of Loessial Soil Hu Xia 2015, 31 (27):  229-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060112 Abstract + ( 1156 )   PDF ( 2341KB )   ( 410 ) In order to understand the effect of granular structure on the forming process of soil crust, soil splash erosion rate was measured and soil slice was made through artificial simulated rainfall splash erosion test, the effect of different diameter granular structure on loessal soil splash erosion rate and crust formation was analyzed. The results showed that the soil with diameter of 0.15 mm≤D＜2.0 mm and D＜0.038 mm formed crust easily, when the duration of rainfall was 5 min, soil surface formed crust and the crust tended to be complete as rain continues; while soils granule with medium diameter aggregates (0.038 mm≤D＜0.15 mm) was more difficult to form crust, when the duration of rainfall was 5 min, there was no curst developed. When the soils granule diameter was 0.105 mm≤D＜0.22 mm, the soil splash erosion rate increased with the decrease of diameter, the soil splash erosion rate reached the highest with the diameter of 0.096-0.15 mm, then, the soil splash erosion rate gradually decreased with the decreased of diameter.

  Characteristics of Air Temperature Change from 1953 to 2010 in Ankang City 王志杰, and 王志泰 2015, 31 (27):  236-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030208 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 960KB )   ( 632 ) Air temperature change is one of the important issues of the global climate change, it has significance to ecological environment construction and protection, agricultural production and meteorological disaster prevention and reduction. The annual mean temperature and change characteristic of air temperature of each season of Ankang City were analyzed by the method of climatic trend rate, sliding average method, the M-K trend test and mutation analysis method based on the data of the daily and annual average temperature from 1951 to 2010. The results showed that: (1) the annual average air temperature of Ankang City in nearly 60 years showed an increasing trend with the climatic trend rate of 0.05℃/10 a, and it experienced three stages as“warm-cold-warm” , before the mid-1960s was warm stage, between mid-1960s to mid-1990s was cold stage and then was warm stage; (2) the decadal variability of annual average temperature showed a“gently increasesignificantly decrease-significantly increase”trend, the period of 1980s was cold stage, but the mutation was not found; (3) the average air temperature of spring, autumn and winter showed an increase trend, it was warm stage after the 1990s, and the change was obvious in winter and spring, followed by autumn, a decrease trend was showed in summer, the decrease trend was obvious after mid-1990s, which turned into cold stage; (4) the average air temperature of summer and winter in nearly 60 years had obvious mutations in 1974 and 1991, but there was no obvious mutation in spring and autumn. The temperature showed a warming trend in winter and spring and a cooling trend in summer.

  Application of Dynamic Statistical Climate Assessment Model to Growth Period of Double Cropping Rice in Hubei Province 2015, 31 (27):  244-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030012 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 709KB )   ( 353 ) The paper aims to reveal the characteristics of double cropping rice’ s growth period in Hubei Province, quantitatively assess the effects of meteorological factors on rice yield. The author took the yield data and meteorological factors of double cropping rice of 4 representative stations in Hubei Province, analyzed the relationship between meteorological factors and double cropping rice’ s yield during 1961 to 2013 by using the dynamic statistical climate assessment model. The results showed that, early rice planting date was April 2, mature date was July 18, and the growth period lasted for 108 days, while later rice planting date was June 20, mature date was October 22, and the growth period lasted for 125 days. The length of the growth period of double cropping rice was different in 4 representative stations. The growth period of early rice appeared an increasing trend in Jiangxia and Jianli station, while Jiangxin and Xiaogan showed a shortening trend. Dynamic statistical climate assessment model showed that the air temperature had the most influence on the growth period of double cropping rice subjecting to geographical and hydrological conditions. Increasing air temperature and sunlight in critical growth stage of double cropping rice was favorable to yield formation, while more precipitation decreased double cropping rice yield. Under the background of climate warming, higher air temperature and less precipitation increased double cropping rice yield.

  Impact Analysis of Climate Change on the Boundary Temperature and Crop Planting Structure in Eastern Gansu Province 2015, 31 (27):  253-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070070 Abstract + ( 861 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 330 ) In order to deal with the influence of climate change on modern agricultural production, the impact of climate change on the boundary temperature and crop planting structure in eastern Gansu Province was analyzed with meteorological data and crop data of Xifeng from 1971 to 2014. The results showed that, in the 44 years, the beginning day of limit temperature 0℃, 10℃ and 15℃ all had an advancing trend, while the ending day had a postponing trend. The interval days and accumulated temperature of all the boundary temperatures increased. The number of days between the beginning and the ending day of 0℃ increased, the growth period was prolonged, the north boundary of planting was extended, and the agricultural structure was developed in a diversified way. The number of days between the beginning and the ending day of 10℃ and the increase of accumulated temperature caused the increase of the multiple crop index, increased the yield per unit land area and the linear trend rate was 472.3 kg/(hm2·10 a). The accumulated temperature between each boundary temperature increased, which caused a dry weather.

  Oral Toxicity and Antifeedant Activity of Mikania micrantha Extracts on Brontispa longissima (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 2015, 31 (27):  258-261.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010164 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 363 ) In order to evaluate the function of M. micrantha extracts on pest control, oral toxicity and antifeedant activity of M. micrantha extracts from 3 solvents on B. longissima were studied in laboratory. The results indicated that all the three extracts showed oral toxicity on B. longissima, and no significant difference was detected with overlaps among 95% confidence intervals of LC50. There was significant difference between N-butanol extract and Cyclohexane extract in antifeedent activity. M. micrantha extracts had potential on B. longissima control. The results may provide reference for IPM of B. longissima.

  Degradation Effect of Degrading Bacterium N80 on Chlorimuron-ethyl in Soil 2015, 31 (27):  262-266.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040055 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 625KB )   ( 431 ) N80 was taken as the tested strain to study the degradation effect on chlorimuron-ethyl in meadow chernozemic soil. The effects of inoculum size of N80, initial dosage of the substrate chlorimuron-ethyl, soil moisture and types on the degradation of chlorimuron-ethyl were studied. The results showed that chlorimuronethyl degradation rate increased from 32.5% to 87.7% when the substrate concentration was 20 mg/kg and N80 5 × 1014 CFU/g was added into the sterilized meadow chernozemic soil. In contrast, chlorimuron- ethyl degradation rate increased from 47.5% to 94.4% in the non-sterilized soil when N80 was added. Meanwhile, the chlorimuron- ethyl degradation rates were 49% and 87.5% respectively in brown soil and meadow chernozemic soil after N80 was inoculated for 30 days. When the substrate chlorimuron-ethyl was 20 mg/kg with N80 inoculum size of 5×1014 CFU/g and soil moisture content of 30%, N80 had the best degradation effect on chlorimuron-ethyl herbicide in meadow chernozemic soil.

  Research on Preservation of the Phytophthora capsici and Its Pathogenicity 2015, 31 (27):  267-270.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040107 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 518KB )   ( 1054 ) The pathogen of pepper phytophthora blight, phytophthora capsici, usually degenerates as it is successively transplanted and cultivated indoors during identification of resistance and physiological race, which affects the accuracy of identification. In order to maintain the pathogenicity, four strains were cultivated in aseptic water and solid medium, the colony morphology and pathogenicity were measured every three months. The results indicated that the preservation effect of aseptic water at 16℃ was better than that of solid medium. The four strains all had viability when they were preserved for 24 months, the colony morphology and pathogenicity also did not change. This method of preserving pathogens was simple, economical and reliable, so it might be used for strains long-term preservation.

  Application of Embedded GIS to Agriculture 2015, 31 (27):  271-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060141 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 713KB )   ( 405 ) Embedded GIS is one of the development directions of GIS, the application of embedded GIS to agriculture promotes the popular application of agriculture information technology. In order to make embedded GIS play a positive role in agricultural production, the authors introduced the technology system of embedded GIS, the development status of agricultural embedded GIS and the technical route of the application and development of embedded GIS in agriculture, and used the Android-based fertilization system to display the function of agriculture embedded GIS application. With the updates of the mobile terminal and the operating system, and the diversification and simplification of users’requirement, embedded GIS could play an important role in the informatization of agriculture and the realization of agricultural modernization and sustainable development.

  Studies on the Factors Influencing Farmers Adopting Soil Testing and Formulated Fertilization——Based on the Survey Data of Pingyuan County of Shandong Province 2015, 31 (27):  276-284.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010099 Abstract + ( 1098 )   PDF ( 634KB )   ( 425 ) In order to study the influencing factors on soil testing and formulated fertilizer (STFF) usage and provide reference for the development of relevant technique, statistical analysis was made according to 142 valid rural residents’questionnaires from Pingyuan County in Shandong Province. The results showed that the application proportion of STFF was only 38% . From the aspect of influencing factors, male farmers had a higher application proportion of STFF than female. The elder had a lower application proportion. People, who were well- educated or had experience of village cadres and working outside, tended to choose STFF. Application proportion of formulated fertilizer increased with the increase of the area of farmland or the proportion of farming income in total income. The government powerful publicity, demonstration households setting, distribution of fertilization card and wide distribution of sale points all could improve the behavior of STFF. Information transmission between farmers was the crucial factor, and whether there were local sale points of formulated fertilizer was the key factor. From the aspect of market environment, the intensively distributed retail points of ordinary fertilizer, numerous varieties of fertilizer products and fierce competition between dealers were the objective factors on farmers’adoption of STFF. In the end, the related causes of fertilization situation were analyzed and corresponding suggestions were proposed in this paper.

  Path Design for the Industrialization of Strawboard Industry Based on the Triple Helix Theory 2015, 31 (27):  285-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020061 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 660KB )   ( 538 ) China is blessed with abundant crop straw resources. The strawboard industry in China as a new environmental friendly wood- based panel industry is using straw as its raw materials. Meanwhile, the industrialization of the strawboard industry has important and practical significance, since it not only solves the problems of the open-air burning of crop straw which causes resource waste and environmental pollution, but also alleviates the contradiction between supply and demand of timber. As a result, the strawboard industry has attracted much attention from all parties. In this study, the authors started from the present situation of the industrialization of the strawboard industry in China, and analyzed supporting conditions and unfavorable factors of the industrialization of crop strawboard industry. Based on the triple helix theory, this study aimed at some problems existing in the process of industrialization of the strawboard industry, and put forward path design for the industrialization of the strawboard industry from the perspective of government, enterprises and research institutions in China. Research shows that the rapid development of the industrialization of strawboard industry depends on the collaboration of the enterprise, government and research institutions, which should play their respective advantages. On the basis of mutual cooperation, the three parties could build innovative and collaborative platform through the convergence of capital, policy and talent advantage together.