Abstract: In order to deal with the influence of climate change on modern agricultural production, the impact of climate change on the boundary temperature and crop planting structure in eastern Gansu Province was analyzed with meteorological data and crop data of Xifeng from 1971 to 2014. The results showed that, in the 44 years, the beginning day of limit temperature 0℃, 10℃ and 15℃ all had an advancing trend, while the ending day had a postponing trend. The interval days and accumulated temperature of all the boundary temperatures increased. The number of days between the beginning and the ending day of 0℃ increased, the growth period was prolonged, the north boundary of planting was extended, and the agricultural structure was developed in a diversified way. The number of days between the beginning and the ending day of 10℃ and the increase of accumulated temperature caused the increase of the multiple crop index, increased the yield per unit land area and the linear trend rate was 472.3 kg/(hm²·10 a). The accumulated temperature between each boundary temperature increased, which caused a dry weather.